SIMBAD references

Elliptical galaxies larger than 10 pixels in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF) were surveyed for internal structure; 30 out of 100 in a sample of 884 morphologically classified galaxies exhibit large blue clumps near their centers. Unsharp-masked images of the clearest cases are presented. The distributions of the clumps on color-color and color-magnitude diagrams are about the same as the distributions of isolated objects in the UDF with the same size, suggesting a possible accretion origin. In the few cases for which redshifts have been published, the clump masses and star formation ages were determined from stellar evolution models, as were the galaxy masses. The clump mass scales with galaxy mass, probably because of selection effects, and ranges from 10⁶ to 10⁸ M_☉for galaxies with masses from 10⁹ to 10¹¹ M_☉. The clump star formation age ranges between 10⁷ and 2x10⁸ yr. With partial evaporation and core contraction in the intervening years, some of these clumps could resemble globular clusters today. Stars that evaporate will contribute to the field population in the elliptical galaxies.