SIMBAD references

We present a study of the nature of the blue early-type galaxies (BEGs) in the GOODS North and South fields using the GOODS archival HST ACS data. Using visual inspection, we have selected 58 BEGs and 113 normal red early-type galaxies (REGs) in the sample of 1949 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts. We find that the BEGs are generally bluer, fainter, and less massive than the REGs, although a few BEGs are exceptionally bright and massive. The number fraction of BEGs to total early-type galaxies is almost constant (∼0.3) at z≤1.1. In addition, we find that the sizes of the BEGs in a given redshift bin decrease as redshift decreases. The BEGs look similar to the REGs in the images and surface brightness profiles. However, at least 27 BEGs show traces of tidal disturbances in their fine structure: elongated cores, off-center cores, asymmetric internal color distributions, tidally distorted outer structures, collisional rings, or very nearby companions. Twenty-one BEGs are detected in the X-ray bands, and 11 of them are as luminous as L_0.5–10keV≥10^43.5 ergs/s, indicating the existence of AGNs at their centers. These results show that at least half of the BEGs may be the descendants of mergers or interacting galaxies and that at least a quarter of the BEGs may be AGN host galaxies. The BEGs may evolve into REGs, and the size evolution of the BEGs is consistent with the galactic downsizing scenario.