SIMBAD references

Comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner is a peculiar comet from the viewpoints of the chemical and physical properties of its dust grains. We conduct optical high-resolution spectroscopic observations of the comet. The intensity ratios of forbidden oxygen lines (at 557.7, 630.0, and 636.4 nm) and ortho-to-para abundance ratios (OPRs) of water cations (H₂O⁺) and amidogen radicals (NH₂) are obtained while only the upper limit for ¹⁴N/¹⁵N in the amidogen radical is restricted. The OPRs of H₂O⁺ and NH₂ are similar to those of other comets, although the real meaning of these OPRs is still debated. Based on the observation of the forbidden emission lines of oxygen atoms, it can be concluded that the comet is depleted in CO₂. In consideration with the depletion in other highly volatile species found in the near-infrared region and the presence of complex organics in comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner, this comet might form in a warmer region in the solar nebula compared with other comets.