SIMBAD references

Observation has not yet determined whether the distribution of spin vectors of galaxies is truly random. It is unclear whether is there any large-scale symmetry-breaking in the distribution of the vorticity field in the universe. Here, we present a formulation to evaluate the dipole component D_max of the observed spin distribution, whose statistical significance σ_D can be calibrated by the expected amplitude for 3D random walk (random flight) simulations. We apply this formulation to evaluate the dipole component in the distribution of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spirals. Shamir published a catalog of spiral galaxies from the SDSS DR8, classifying them with his pattern recognition tool into clockwise and counterclockwise (Z-spiral and S-spiral, respectively). He found significant photometric asymmetry in their distribution. We have confirmed that this sample provides dipole asymmetry up to a level of σ_D = 4.00. However, we also found that the catalog contains a significant number of multiple entries of the same galaxies. After removing the duplicated entries, the number of samples shrunk considerably to 45%. The actual dipole asymmetry observed for the "cleaned" catalog is quite modest, σ_D = 0.29. We conclude that SDSS data alone do not support the presence of a large-scale symmetry-breaking in the spin vector distribution of galaxies in the local universe. The data are compatible with a random distribution.