SIMBAD references

The stellar mass-to-light ratio gradient in SDSS r-band ∇(M_*/L_r) of a galaxy depends on its mass assembly history, which is imprinted in its morphology and gradients of age, metallicity, and stellar initial mass function (IMF). Taking a MaNGA sample of 2051 galaxies with stellar masses ranging from 10⁹ to 10¹²M_☉ released in SDSS DR15, we focus on face-on galaxies, without merger and bar signatures, and investigate the dependence of the 2D ∇(M_*/L_r) on other galaxy properties, including M_*/L_r-colour relationships by assuming a fixed Salpeter IMF as the mass normalization reference. The median gradient is ∇M_*/L_r ∼ -0.1 (i.e. the M_*/L_r is larger at the centre) for massive galaxies, becomes flat around M_* ∼ 10¹⁰M_☉ and change sign to ∇M_*/L_r ∼ 0.1 at the lowest masses. The M_*/L_r inside a half-light radius increases with increasing galaxy stellar mass; in each mass bin, early-type galaxies have the highest value, while pure-disc late-type galaxies have the smallest. Correlation analyses suggest that the mass-weighted stellar age is the dominant parameter influencing the M_*/L_r profile, since a luminosity-weighted age is easily affected by star formation when the specific star formation rate (sSFR) inside the half-light radius is higher than 10^–3 Gyr^–1. With increased sSFR gradient, one can obtain a steeper negative ∇(M_*/L_r). The scatter in the slopes of M_*/L-colour relations increases with increasing sSFR, for example, the slope for post-starburst galaxies can be flattened to 0.45 from the global value 0.87 in the M_*/L versus g - r diagram. Hence converting galaxy colours to M_*/L should be done carefully, especially for those galaxies with young luminosity-weighted stellar ages, which can have quite different star formation histories.