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2022ApJ...935L..11L - Astrophys. J., 935, L11 (2022/August-2)

The First Short GRB Millimeter Afterglow: The Wide-angled Jet of the Extremely Energetic SGRB 211106A.

LASKAR T., ROUCO ESCORIAL A., SCHROEDER G., FONG W.-F., BERGER E., VERES P., BHANDARI S., RASTINEJAD J., KILPATRICK C.D., TOHUVAVOHU A., MARGUTTI R., ALEXANDER K.D., DELAUNAY J., KENNEA J.A., NUGENT A., PATERSON K. and WILLIAMS P.K.G.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present the discovery of the first millimeter afterglow of a short-duration γ-ray burst (SGRB) and the first confirmed afterglow of an SGRB localized by the GUANO system on Swift. Our Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) detection of SGRB 211106A establishes an origin in a faint host galaxy detected in Hubble Space Telescope imaging at 0.7 ≲ z ≲ 1.4. From the lack of a detectable optical afterglow, coupled with the bright millimeter counterpart, we infer a high extinction, AV ≳ 2.6 mag along the line of sight, making this one of the most highly dust-extincted SGRBs known to date. The millimeter-band light curve captures the passage of the synchrotron peak from the afterglow forward shock and reveals a jet break at ${t}_{\mathrm{jet}}={29.2}_{-4.0}^{+4.5}$ days. For a presumed redshift of z = 1, we infer an opening angle, θjet = (15.°5 ± 1.°4), and beaming-corrected kinetic energy of $\mathrm{log}({E}_{{\rm{K}}}/\mathrm{erg})=51.8\pm 0.3$, making this one of the widest and most energetic SGRB jets known to date. Combining all published millimeter-band upper limits in conjunction with the energetics for a large sample of SGRBs, we find that energetic outflows in high-density environments are more likely to have detectable millimeter counterparts. Concerted afterglow searches with ALMA should yield detection fractions of 24%-40% on timescales of ≳2 days at rates of ≈0.8-1.6 per year, outpacing the historical discovery rate of SGRB centimeter-band afterglows.

Abstract Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Gamma-ray bursts - Astronomy data modeling - Radio astronomy - Millimeter astronomy - Time domain astronomy - Relativistic jets - High energy astrophysics

Simbad objects: 23

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