SIMBAD references

The discrepancy between the value of the Hubble constant H₀ measured from the local distance ladder and from the cosmic microwave background is the most serious challenge to the standard ΛCDM model. Various models have been proposed to solve or relieve it, but no satisfactory solution has been given until now. Here, we report a late-time transition of H₀, i.e. H₀ changes from a low value to a high one from early to late cosmic time, by investigating the Hubble parameter H($\mathit{ z}$) data based on the Gaussian process (GP) method. This finding effectively reduces the Hubble crisis by 70 per cent. Our results are also consistent with the descending trend of H₀ measured using time-delay cosmography of lensed quasars at 1 σ confidence level, and support the idea that the Hubble crisis arises from new physics beyond the standard ΛCDM model. In addition, in the ΛCDM model and $w$CDM model, there is no transition behaviour of H₀.