SIMBAD references

We explore the chemodynamical properties of the Galaxy in the azimuthal velocity V_ϕ and metallicity [Fe/H] space using red giant stars from Gaia Data Release 3. The row-normalized V_ϕ-[Fe/H] maps form a coherent sequence from the bulge to the outer disk, clearly revealing the thin/thick disk and the Splash. The metal-rich stars display bar-like kinematics, while the metal-poor stars show dispersion-dominated kinematics. The intermediate-metallicity population (-1 < [Fe/H]< - 0.4) can be separated into two populations, one that is bar-like, i.e., dynamically cold (${\sigma }_{{V}_{R}}\sim 80$ km s^–1) and fast-rotating (V_ϕ ≳ 100 km s^–1), and the Splash, which is dynamically hot (${\sigma }_{{V}_{R}}\sim 110$ km s^–1) and slow-rotating (V_ϕ ≲ 100 km s^–1). We compare the observations in the bulge region with an Auriga simulation where the last major merger event occurred ∼10 Gyr ago: only stars born around the time of the merger reveal a Splash-like feature in the V_ϕ-[Fe/H] space, suggesting that the Splash is likely merger-induced, predominantly made up of heated disk stars and the starburst associated with the last major merger. Since the Splash formed from the proto-disk, its lower metallicity limit coincides with that of the thick disk. The bar formed later from the dynamically hot disk with [Fe/H] > - 1 dex, with the Splash not participating in the bar formation and growth. Moreover, with a set of isolated evolving N-body disk simulations, we confirm that a nonrotating classical bulge can be spun up by the bar and develop cylindrical rotation, consistent with the observations for the metal-poor stars.