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2024NatAs...8.1031V - Nature Astronomy, 8, 1031-1046 (2024/August-0)

Cygnus X-3 revealed as a Galactic ultraluminous X-ray source by IXPE.

VELEDINA A., MULERI F., POUTANEN J., PODGORNY J., DOVCIAK M., CAPITANIO F., CHURAZOV E., DE ROSA A., DI MARCO A., FORSBLOM S.V., KAARET P., KRAWCZYNSKI H., LA MONACA F., LOKTEV V., LUTOVINOV A.A., MOLKOV S.V., MUSHTUKOV A.A., RATHEESH A., RODRIGUEZ CAVERO N., STEINER J.F., SUNYAEV R.A., TSYGANKOV S.S., WEISSKOPF M.C., ZDZIARSKI A.A., BIANCHI S., BRIGHT J.S., BURSOV N., COSTA E., EGRON E., GARCIA J.A., GREEN D.A., GURWELL M., INGRAM A., KAJAVA J.J.E., KALE R., KRAUS A., MALYSHEV D., MARIN F., MATT G., McCOLLOUGH M., MEREMINSKIY I.A., NIZHELSKY N., PIANO G., PILIA M., PITTORI C., RAO R., RIGHINI S., SOFFITTA P., SHEVCHENKO A., SVOBODA J., TOMBESI F., TRUSHKIN S.A., TSYBULEV P., URSINI F., WU K., AGUDO I., ANTONELLI L.A., BACHETTI M., BALDINI L., BAUMGARTNER W.H., BELLAZZINI R., BONGIORNO S.D., BONINO R., BREZ A., BUCCIANTINI N., CASTELLANO S., CAVAZZUTI E., CHEN C.-T., CIPRINI S., DEL MONTE E., DI GESU L., DI LALLA N., DONNARUMMA I., DOROSHENKO V., EHLERT S.R., ENOTO T., EVANGELISTA Y., FABIANI S., FERRAZZOLI R., GUNJI S., HAYASHIDA K., HEYL J., IWAKIRI W., JORSTAD S.G., KARAS V., KISLAT F., KITAGUCHI T., KOLODZIEJCZAK J.J., LATRONICO L., LIODAKIS I., MALDERA S., MANFREDA A., MARINUCCI A., MARSCHER A.P., MARSHALL H.L., MASSARO F., MITSUISHI I., MIZUNO T., NEGRO M., NG C.-Y., O'DELL S.L., OMODEI N., OPPEDISANO C., PAPITTO A., PAVLOV G.G., PEIRSON A.L., PERRI M., PESCE-ROLLINS M., PETRUCCI P.-O., POSSENTI A., PUCCETTI S., RAMSEY B.D., RANKIN J., ROBERTS O., ROMANI R.W., SGRO C., SLANE P., SPANDRE G., SWARTZ D., TAMAGAWA T., TAVECCHIO F., TAVERNA R., TAWARA Y., TENNANT A.F., THOMAS N.E., TROIS A., TUROLLA R., VINK J., XIE F. and ZANE S.

Abstract (from CDS):

The accretion of matter by compact objects can be inhibited by radiation pressure if the luminosity exceeds a critical value known as the Eddington limit. The discovery of ultraluminous X-ray sources has shown that accretion can proceed even when the apparent luminosity considerably exceeds this limit. A high apparent luminosity might be produced due to the geometric beaming of radiation by an outflow. The outflow half-opening angle, which determines the amplification due to beaming, has never been robustly constrained. Using the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, we measured the X-ray polarization in the Galactic X-ray binary Cygnus X-3 (Cyg X-3). We found high, >20%, nearly energy-independent linear polarization orthogonal to the direction of the radio ejections. These properties unambiguously indicate the presence of a collimating outflow from the X-ray binary Cyg X-3 and constrain its half-opening angle to ≲15°. Thus, the source can be used as a laboratory for studying the supercritical accretion regime. This finding underscores the importance of X-ray polarimetry in advancing our understanding of accreting sources.


Abstract Copyright: 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

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