SIMBAD references

This study presents a detailed investigation of the broad absorption line (BAL) systems in the quasar SDSS J004613.54+010425.7 (hereafter J0046+0104), which makes characters of the simultaneous existence of line-locking and velocity shift signatures. Based on the seven-epoch observed spectra of this source, we explore the variability in equivalent widths, ionization states, locations, velocities, and profile shapes of these BAL systems. Our equivalent width (EW) analysis implies that the outflow clouds in J0046+0104 are in a relatively high ionization state and provides evidence that fluctuations in the ionizing continuum could be a reason for the EW variations of the absorption troughs. Additionally, we observe that the higher-velocity, smoother profile BAL of system A exhibits velocity shifts, whereas the lower-velocity, rougher profile BAL of system B displays line-locking signatures. These findings collectively indicate that velocity shifts typically occur in the inner, more ionized regions of the outflow, whereas line-locking phenomena are manifested in the outer, less ionized regions. Finally, we discuss the possible causes of the observed line-locking and velocity shift signatures.