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2025ApJ...994L...9L - Astrophys. J., 994, L9 (2025/November-3)

Detection of Compton Scattering in the Jet of 3C 84.

LIODAKIS I., CHAKRABORTY S., MARIN F., EHLERT S.R., BARNOUIN T., KOUCH P.M., NILSSON K., LINDFORS E., PURSIMO T., PARASCHOS G.F., MIDDEI R., TRINDADE FALCAO A., JORSTAD S., AGUDO I., KOVALEV Y.Y., CASEY J.J., DI GESU L., KAARET P., KIM D.E., KISLAT F., RATHEESH A., SAADE M.L., TOMBESI F., MARSCHER A., ACEITUNO F.J., BONNOLI G., CASANOVA V., EMERY G., ESCUDERO PEDROSA J., MORCUENDE D., OTERO-SANTOS J., SOTA A., PIIROLA V., BACHEV R., STRIGACHEV A., BORMAN G.A., GRISHINA T.S., HAGEN-THORN V.A., KOPATSKAYA E.N., LARIONOVA E.G., MOROZOVA D.A., SAVCHENKO S.S., SHISHKINA E.V., TROITSKIY I.S., TROITSKAYA Y.V., VASILYEV A.A., ZHOVTAN A.V., MYSERLIS I., GURWELL M., KEATING G., RAO R., KANG S., LEE S.-S., KIM S., CHEONG W.Y., JEONG H.-W., SONG C., LI S., NAM M.-S., ALVAREZ-ORTEGA D., CASADIO C., ANGELAKIS E., KRAUS A., JORMANAINEN J., FALLAH RAMAZANI V., CHEN C.-T., COSTA E., CHURAZOV E., FERRAZZOLI R., GALANTI G., KHABIBULLIN I., O'DELL S.L., PACCIANI L., RONCADELLI M., ROBERTS O.J., SOFFITTA P., SWARTZ D.A., TAVECCHIO F., WEISSKOPF M.C. and ZHURAVLEVA I.

Abstract (from CDS):

3C 84 is the brightest cluster galaxy in the Perseus Cluster. It is among the closest radio-loud active galaxies and among the very few that can be detected from low-frequency radio up to TeV γ-rays. Here we report on the first X-ray polarization observation of 3C 84 with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer, for a total of 2.2 Ms coinciding with a flare in γ-rays. This is the longest observation for a radio-loud active galaxy, which allowed us to reach unprecedented sensitivity, leading to the detection of an X-ray polarization degree of ΠX = 4.2% ± 1.3% (∼3.2σ confidence) at an X-ray electric vector polarization angle of ψX = 163° ± 9°, which is aligned with the radio jet direction on the sky. Optical polarization observations show fast variability about the jet axis as well. Our results strongly favor models in which X-rays are produced by Compton scattering from relativistic electrons-specifically synchrotron self-Compton-that takes place downstream, away from the supermassive black hole.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Black hole physics - Radio active galactic nuclei - Jets - Polarimetry - Perseus Cluster - Brightest cluster galaxies - Relativistic jets

Simbad objects: 6

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