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2025ApJ...995L..64Z - Astrophys. J., 995, L64 (2025/December-3)

A Carbon-rich Atmosphere on a Windy Pulsar Planet.

ZHANG M., BELEZNAY M., BRANDT T.D., ROMANI R.W., GAO P., BELTZ H., BAILES M., NIXON M.C., BEAN J.L., KOMACEK T.D., COY B.P., FU G., LUQUE R., REARDON D.J., CARLI E., SHANNON R.M., FORTNEY J.J., PIETTE A.A.A., MILLER M.C. and DESERT J.-M.

Abstract (from CDS):

A handful of enigmatic Jupiter-mass objects have been discovered orbiting pulsars. One such object, PSR J2322-2650b, uniquely resembles a hot-Jupiter exoplanet, due to its minimum density of 1.8 g cm–3 and its ∼1900 K equilibrium temperature. We use JWST to observe PSR J2322-2650b's emission spectrum across an entire orbit. In stark contrast to every known exoplanet orbiting a main-sequence star, we find an atmosphere rich in molecular carbon (C3, C2) with strong westward winds. Our observations open up new exoplanetary chemical (ultrahigh C/O and C/N ratios of >100 and >10,000, respectively) and dynamical regimes (ultrafast rotation with external irradiation) to observational study. The extreme carbon enrichment poses a severe challenge to the current understanding of “black-widow” companions, which were expected to consist of a wider range of elements due to their origins as stripped stellar cores.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Pulsar planets - Carbon planets - Hot Jupiters - High energy astrophysics - Stellar atmospheres

Simbad objects: 7

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