2025MNRAS.540.1449A -
Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 540, 1449-1461 (2025/June-3)
Decade-long periodicity study of 2FHL blazars with historical optical data.
ADHIKARI S., PENIL P., DOMINGUEZ A., AJELLO M., BUSON S. and RICO A.
Abstract (from CDS):
In our recent investigation, we utilized a century's worth of archival optical data to search for a decade-long periodicity from the blazar PG 1553+113, finding a hint of a 22-yr period. Building on this foundation, the current study extends our analysis to include 10 blazars from the Fermi-Large Area Telescope Second Catalog of Hard Sources (2FHL) catalogue to uncover similar long-term periodic behaviour. To ensure the reliability of our findings, we consider the impact of observational limitations, such as temporal gaps and uneven sampling, which could potentially introduce artefacts or false periodic signals. Our analysis initially identifies decade-scale periodicity in four of these blazars (AP Librae, MKN 421, MKN 501, PG 1246+586). However, further investigation reveals that three of these are likely influenced by noise and poor sampling. The most promising candidate, approximately 51 $\pm$ 9 yr signal in MKN 421, corresponds to fewer than three full cycles and cannot be considered significant. Furthermore, global significance suggests none of the candidate periodicities meet the threshold for statistical significance. These results underscore the importance of accounting for sampling artefacts and highlight the need for robust methodologies in long-term periodicity searches.
Abstract Copyright:
© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.
Journal keyword(s):
methods: data analysis - astronomical data bases: miscellaneous - time - (galaxies:) BL Lacertae objects: general
Simbad objects:
13
Full paper
View the references in ADS
To bookmark this query, right click on this link: simbad:2025MNRAS.540.1449A and select 'bookmark this link' or equivalent in the popup menu