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2025PASP..137h4402L - Publ. Astron. Soc. Pac., 137, part no 8, 4402 (2025/August-0)

Development of a New Ground-based Instrumentation Technique for Low-resolution Exoplanet Transmission Spectroscopy.

LIMBACH M.A., SCHMIDT L.M., OELKERS R.J. and DEPOY D.L.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present a new instrumentation technique for high-precision, ground-based spectrophotometric measurements ideal for low-resolution (R ∼ 20-60) exoplanet transmission spectroscopy. This technique employs novel thin-film coating technology for wide-band, simultaneous multi-band imaging, enabling high-precision differential photometry through self-referencing and comparison stars. Theoretical calculations and on-sky results show that this method effectively reduces 96% of amplitude scintillation noise and other systematics that typically limit ground-based spectrophotometric precision for bright stars. On-sky results are demonstrated using the custom-built Exoplanet Transmission Spectroscopy Imager (ETSI), deployed at the McDonald Observatory 2.1 m telescope in 2022. For a V = 9.7 mag star, ETSI achieves a spectrophotometric precision of 50 ppm in a 40 nm band over 1.0 hr, below the atmospheric scintillation noise floor. Using ETSI, we present a measured transmission spectrum of the hot Saturn HAT-P-44Bb to demonstrate the technique's application. We perform a basic spectral retrieval to verify the measurement's consistency with the planet's known or expected physical parameters. Future deployment of this technique in instruments on mid to large-class observatories could enable the ability to characterize hundreds of exoplanet atmospheres in the visible with low resolution transmission spectroscopy.

Abstract Copyright: © 2025. The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP).

Journal keyword(s): Astronomical instrumentation - Exoplanet atmospheres

Simbad objects: 4

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