SIMBAD references

The detection of TeV emission in extragalactic galaxies has prompted investigations into the beaming effect in blazars, a key feature of relativistic jets modulating multiwavelength radiation, yet quantitative constraints remain limited. This study aims to systematically analyze the beaming effect in TeV blazars by disentangling the beamed and unbeamed components of high-energy spectra and estimating Doppler factors across X-ray, γ-ray, and TeV bands. We also probe the de-beamed (intrinsic) luminosities in these high-energy bands. A comprehensive sample of 51 TeV blazars is compiled. A two-component model is applied to decompose core-dominated and extended emissions, and Doppler factors are derived from the core-dominance parameters and the jet geometries. Low-synchrotron-peaked sources exhibit the strongest beaming, confirming that high-energy core-dominance parameters serve as robust tracers of the beaming effect. Doppler factors are highest in the γ-ray band and show a concave-to-convex evolution from radio to TeV bands, suggesting distinct emission regions or viewing angles. Derived Doppler factors enable the calculation of de-beamed intrinsic luminosities, offering insights into the blazar jet's intrinsic properties.