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2026ApJ...998L..42C - Astrophys. J., 998, L42 (2026/February-3)

A Multimessenger Search for the Supermassive Black Hole Binary in 3C 66B with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array.

CARDINAL TREMBLAY J., GONCHAROV B., VAN HAASTEREN R., BHAT N.D.R., CHEN Z.-C., DI MARCO V., IGUCHI S., KAPUR A., LING W., MANDOW R., MISHRA S., REARDON D.J., SHANNON R.M., SUDOU H., WANG J., ZHAO S.-Y., ZHU X.-J. and ZIC A.

Abstract (from CDS):

A subparsec supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) at the center of the galaxy 3C 66B is a promising candidate for continuous gravitational-wave searches with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). In this work, we search for such a signal in the third data release of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array. Matching our priors to estimates of binary parameters from electromagnetic (EM) observations, we find a log Bayes factor $\mathrm{ln}{ \mathcal B }=-0.0027(7)$, highlighting that the source can be neither confirmed nor ruled out. We place upper limits at 95% credibility on the chirp mass ${ \mathcal M }\lt 6.90\times 1{0}^{8}\,{M}_{\odot }$, and on the characteristic strain amplitude ${{\rm{log}}}_{10}({h}_{0})\lt -14.44$. This partially rules out the parameter space suggested by EM observations of 3C 66B. We also independently reproduce the calculation of the chirp mass with 3 mm flux monitor data of the unresolved core of 3C 66B. Based on this, we outline a new methodology for constructing a joint likelihood of EM and gravitational-wave data from SMBHBs. Finally, we suggest that targeted searches may allow firmly established SMBHB candidates to be treated as standard sirens, for complementary constraints on the Universe's expansion rate.

Abstract Copyright: © 2026. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Gravitational waves - Pulsars - Astronomy data analysis

Simbad objects: 35

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