1996A&A...305..457M

Query : 1996A&A...305..457M

1996A&A...305..457M - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 305457-467 (1996/1-2)

X-ray and γ-ray emission in open clusters.

MANCHANDA R.K., POLCARO V.F., NORCI L., GIOVANNELLI F., BRINKMANN W., RADECKE H.D., MANTEIGA M., PERSI P. and ROSSI C.

Abstract (from CDS):

We have studied a number of galactic open clusters that lie in the error boxes of COS B sources. These clusters belong to complexes in which similar star formation processes occur. They have similar ages, stellar population and contain peculiar stars with very high-velocity stellar winds. We propose that a system of shock fronts, set up at the interfaces between the hypersonic wind of the peculiar stars and the other cluster members, generates acceleration of cosmic ray particles, whose interactions with the inter-cluster gas concentrations would be responsible for the observed γ-ray emission. We find various observational evidences (including CGRO data, strongly supporting the association of the γ-ray source J 2021+37=2CG075+00 with Berk 87) for the presence of such shock fronts in some of these clusters. We show that the diffuse hard X-ray emission from the clusters regions is consistent with the geometric scenario inferred from the data and with the assumed mechanism of cosmic ray acceleration.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): stars: Wolf-Rayet stars - clusters: open - gamma rays: observations - theory - X-rays: stars

Simbad objects: 103

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Number of rows : 103
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME W 3 OH HII 02 27 04.1 +61 52 22           ~ 1064 2
2 HD 15558 Y*O 02 32 42.5366901168 +61 27 21.572901360 7.82 8.37 7.87 7.34 6.94 O4.5III(f) 324 0
3 HD 15570 Y*O 02 32 49.4207394600 +61 22 42.089384892 8.40 8.80 8.11 7.41 6.86 O4If 316 0
4 IC 1805 OpC 02 32 52.1 +61 28 36           ~ 542 1
5 LS I +61 303 HXB 02 40 31.6644419688 +61 13 45.593918580 11.27 11.61 10.75 10.19 9.55 B0Ve 903 2
6 Ass Cas OB 6 As* 02 43 +61.3           ~ 128 0
7 ICRF J024457.6+622806 Sy1 02 44 57.6967097952 +62 28 06.517098084   12.15 12.19     ~ 310 2
8 HD 50896 WR* 06 54 13.0439608392 -23 55 42.023319852 5.74 6.63 6.91 7.74   WN4b 794 0
9 Cl Collinder 121 OpC 06 56 20 -24 43.8   3.02 2.6     ~ 156 0
10 Cl Ruprecht 44 OpC 07 58 49.6 -28 33 44   7.66 7.2     ~ 65 0
11 HD 65865 WR* 07 59 46.2451717872 -28 44 03.085045476 10.62 11.20 10.90 11.16   WN5h 108 0
12 Cl Bochum 7 OpC 08 44 28.2 -45 55 19   6.94 6.8     ~ 52 0
13 CD-45 4482 WR* 08 44 47.2901340000 -45 58 55.417387548 10.95 11.29 10.74 10.58   WN8h+? 108 0
14 Cl Ruprecht 161 OpC 10 09 49.2 -61 16 09           ~ 44 0
15 HD 88500 WR* 10 10 31.9110817968 -60 38 42.419780376   10.84 10.65 10.67   WC5 88 0
16 Cl Bochum 10 OpC 10 42 14.2 -59 08 44   6.40 6.2     ~ 86 0
17 HD 93131 WR* 10 43 52.2579213120 -60 07 04.019676456 5.52 6.43 6.48 7.46   WN6ha-w 309 0
18 Cl Trumpler 14 OpC 10 43 56.0 -59 33 07   5.70 5.5     ~ 547 0
19 HD 93129A SB* 10 43 57.4587319296 -59 32 51.394897284 6.46 7.478 7.310 7.84   O2If* 180 0
20 HD 93162 WR* 10 44 10.3890266112 -59 43 11.106500520 7.90 8.55 8.80 8.66   O2.5If*/WN6+OB 374 0
21 [MS70] 1 WR* 10 44 32.1161133312 -57 50 23.983274544   14.71 13.54 13.26   WN5 42 0
22 HD 93204 * 10 44 32.3390794992 -59 44 31.020804780 7.63 8.52 8.42 8.20 7.92 O5.5V((f)) 200 0
23 HD 93250 ** 10 44 45.0275085072 -59 33 54.680974848 6.73 8.12 7.50 8.38   O4III(fc) 334 0
24 Cl Trumpler 16 OpC 10 45 01.9 -59 42 00           ~ 510 0
25 * eta Car s*b 10 45 03.545808 -59 41 03.95124 6.37 7.03 6.48 6.123 4.41 LBV 2543 0
26 2CG 288-00 gam 10 50 -60.1           ~ 19 0
27 Cl Ruprecht 93 OpC 11 04 11.3 -61 21 59   8.05 7.7     ~ 48 1
28 WR 37 WR* 11 05 13.9026194544 -61 20 41.185677192   17.40 16.0     WN4-s 41 0
29 NGC 3603 OpC 11 14 57.9 -61 14 32           ~ 1136 1
30 HD 97950 Cl* 11 15 07.346 -61 15 38.52 9.64 9.83 9.03 9.69   ~ 198 2
31 Cl Hogg 15 OpC 12 43 36.8 -63 06 01           ~ 61 0
32 HD 311884 WR* 12 43 50.9991209208 -63 05 14.812489320 11.45 11.64 10.81 10.59   WN6+O5V 175 0
33 Cl Danks 1 OpC 13 12 29.0 -62 41 56           ~ 80 0
34 WR 48a WR* 13 12 39.6052790136 -62 42 55.939362876       16.081   WC6 106 0
35 MR 45 WR* 13 18 23.3593835760 -62 28 21.220535604   15.53 14.32 13.97   WN4-w 48 0
36 Cl Stock 16 OpC 13 19 26.4 -62 37 19           ~ 95 0
37 Cl Collinder 277 OpC 13 48 17.4 -66 04 17     9.2     ~ 24 0
38 MR 51 WR* 13 49 04.4895003144 -65 41 56.121812340 12.75 12.95 12.71 12.89   WN5 63 0
39 WRAY 16-154 WR* 14 31 06.1384007701 -61 20 59.634866905   15.82 14.22     WN6-s 33 1
40 Cl Trumpler 22 OpC 14 31 09.5 -61 10 33           ~ 67 0
41 Cl Pismis 20 OpC 15 15 23.5 -59 04 23   8.69 7.8     ~ 103 0
42 1CG 333+00 gam 16 17 -49.3           ~ 23 0
43 4U 1624-49 LXB 16 28 02.825 -49 11 54.61           ~ 250 0
44 Ass Ara OB 1 As* 16 39.5 -46 46           ~ 95 0
45 NGC 6193 OpC 16 41 14.9 -48 46 47           ~ 169 0
46 HD 150135 * 16 41 19.4443334664 -48 45 47.568769200 6.19 7.00 6.88 7.33   O6.5V((f))z 130 0
47 HD 150136 SB* 16 41 20.4155898816 -48 45 46.730465028 4.98 5.78 5.65 6.93   O3.5-4III(f*)+O6IV 201 0
48 4U 1642-45 LXB 16 45 48.1 -45 36 42           ~ 467 1
49 HD 151932 WR* 16 52 19.2477039480 -41 51 16.270066224 6.06 6.79 6.51 7.64   WN7h 326 0
50 NAME Sco OB 1 As* 16 53.5 -41 57           ~ 222 0
51 NGC 6231 OpC 16 54 14.4 -41 48 53           ~ 562 0
52 HD 152270 WR* 16 54 19.6991292072 -41 49 11.531710092 6.26 6.80 6.597 6.72 6.39 WC7+O5-8 315 0
53 HD 152408 WR* 16 54 58.5051071856 -41 09 03.093075612 5.17 5.92 5.77 7.00   O8Iape 388 0
54 2CG 342-02 gam 17 08 30.1 -44 35 03           ~ 33 0
55 CPD-33 4347 WR* 17 18 49.7249262168 -33 57 41.388161760   13.93 12.56 12.21   WN8/WC9 69 0
56 WRAY 15-1666 WR* 17 18 52.8750705984 -38 50 03.606746928 13.93 13.27 11.83 11.43   WN7 79 0
57 Cl HM 1 OpC 17 19 00 -38 49.0           ~ 52 0
58 Cl Pismis 24 OpC 17 24 43.0 -34 12 23           ~ 130 0
59 HD 157504 WR* 17 25 08.8532916336 -34 11 12.498318168 12.80 12.10 10.68 10.39 11.546 WC7+O7-9 121 0
60 MR 74 WR* 17 36 19.8953017656 -33 26 12.271864344 16.01 14.87 13.18 12.99   WC9 93 1
61 Cl Trumpler 27 OpC 17 36 20 -33 31.0   8.24 6.7     ~ 100 1
62 HD 318016 WR* 17 37 13.7436747168 -33 27 56.013254280 13.71 13.16 11.81 11.42   WN8/WC7 83 0
63 SNR G006.4-00.1 SNR 18 00 31.2011719 -23 25 48.001099           ~ 782 1
64 Cl Bochum 14 OpC 18 02 00 -23 42.3   10.72 9.3     ~ 39 0
65 MR 80 WR* 18 02 04.1244400656 -23 37 42.168277056   15.002 13.155 12.056   WC9 241 1
66 EM* AS 268 WR* 18 02 23.4574037952 -23 34 37.491692196   14.38 12.31 11.43   WN9h 106 0
67 HD 164492 Y*O 18 02 23.5527520992 -23 01 50.999556180 6.49 7.49 6.80 7.52   O7.5Vz 240 0
68 Ass Sgr OB 1 As* 18 06 -22.8           ~ 128 0
69 HD 165688 WR* 18 07 56.9609461704 -19 23 56.863324824 10.46 10.31 9.87 9.85   WN5-6b 162 0
70 HD 165763 WR* 18 08 28.4692108104 -21 15 11.183076540 7.16 7.54 7.82 8.55   WC6 286 0
71 MR 87 WR* 18 25 30.0135261024 -14 38 40.967308176 13.38 13.09 11.86 11.33   WN6-w 84 0
72 MR 88 WR* 18 31 02.5170578472 -06 35 49.627098096   15.34 14.19     WC9 42 0
73 C 1828-066 OpC 18 31 24 -06 38.0           ~ 10 0
74 MR 89 WR* 18 41 00.8670061488 -04 26 14.484137676 13.1 12.97 11.93 11.67   WN7 74 2
75 Cl Dolidze 33 OpC 18 41 18.00 -04 21 37.0           ~ 19 0
76 HD 190918 WR* 20 05 57.3244526328 +35 47 18.150756792 6.11 6.88 6.75     WN5+O9I 385 0
77 NGC 6871 OpC 20 06 07.9 +35 46 45   5.43 5.2     ~ 237 0
78 NGC 6883 OpC 20 11 19 +35 49.9     8.0     ~ 54 0
79 HD 192103 WR* 20 11 53.5274337792 +36 11 50.525765304 7.77 8.13 8.11     WC8+OB: 339 0
80 HD 192641 WR* 20 14 31.7666855880 +36 39 39.598210224 7.80 8.20 7.91     WC7pd+O9V 347 0
81 Cl Dolidze 3 OpC 20 15 28.3 +36 50 05           ~ 31 0
82 HD 193576 WR* 20 19 32.4229160448 +38 43 53.959035756 8.15 8.53 8.00     WN5+O6II-V 721 0
83 1H 2018+366 X 20 20 00 +36 50.7           ~ 6 0
84 Cl Berkeley 86 OpC 20 20 20.6 +38 42 15           ~ 130 0
85 4U 2019+39 X 20 21 +39.0           ~ 6 0
86 Ass Cyg OB 9 As* 20 21 +39.9           ~ 136 0
87 GRO J2019+40 gam 20 21.5 +40 26           ~ 131 1
88 PSR J2021+4026 Psr 20 21 30.496 +40 26 53.56           ~ 300 2
89 Cl Berkeley 87 OpC 20 21 35.0 +37 25 14           ~ 141 0
90 Onsala 2S HII 20 21 41.4 +37 25 44           ~ 41 0
91 OH 075.8+00.3 HII 20 21 43.8 +37 26 39           ~ 95 2
92 WR 142 WR* 20 21 44.3438785440 +37 22 30.544989960   14.39 12.99 12.73 11.04 WO2 134 0
93 GRO J2021+37 gam 20 22 37.2 +37 16 53           ~ 94 2
94 NGC 6910 OpC 20 23 12.2 +40 46 16           ~ 202 0
95 LDN 889 DNe 20 27 13.1 +40 05 54           ~ 16 0
96 MR 110 WR* 20 32 03.0201049320 +41 15 20.499732216   15.99 13.97     WC5 85 0
97 Ass Cyg OB 2 As* 20 33.2 +41 19           ~ 1023 0
98 Schulte 7 * 20 33 14.1095938872 +41 20 21.904113804 12.24 12.00 10.55     O3If* 153 0
99 MR 112 WR* 20 35 47.0859278605 +41 22 44.703520146     12.64 12.16   WC6+O8I-IIf 162 1
100 HD 219460 ** 23 15 12.39033 +60 27 01.8129 10.23 10.51 9.89 9.563   B1II+WN4.5 135 0
101 HD 219460A * 23 15 12.3995306290 +60 27 01.845560649   10.97 10.57     B0.7II 128 0
102 Cl Mrk 50 OpC 23 15 14.5 +60 26 25   9.09 8.5     ~ 56 0
103 Cl Dolidze 78 Cl* ~ ~           ~ 1 0

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