1997A&A...322..460N

Query : 1997A&A...322..460N

1997A&A...322..460N - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 322460-476 (1997/6-2)

Critical tests of stellar evolution in open clusters. II. Membership, duplicity, and stellar and dynamical evolution in NGC 3680.

NORDSTROEM B., ANDERSEN J. and ANDERSEN M.I.

Abstract (from CDS):

Based on new, accurate photometry, radial velocities, and proper motions for the intermediate-age open cluster NGC 3680, we identify individual single and binary cluster members and field stars in the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD). This basic step turns out to be crucial for a proper understanding of the cluster CMD: ∼60% of the stars are found to be field stars, and over 50% of the cluster stars are binaries. No bona fide cluster star is found more than 1.5mag below the turnoff, and cluster stars below 1.4M☉ are only found in binary systems. The total present mass of NGC 3680 is ∼100M☉, excluding any as yet unseen stellar remnants, and its half-mass radius is 3.3' (1.2pc). Comparison with plausible IMFs indicates that only ∼3% of the original stars and ≲10% of the mass now survive, ∼30% of the initial mass being in the form of massive stars that have now completed their evolution, and ∼60% in low-mass stars which may now be located in a distant cluster halo or perhaps have been lost entirely. The single main-sequence cluster members form an extremely tight sequence in the CMD, with E(b–y)=0.034 and [Fe/H]=+0.11. A direct fit to the Hyades main sequence yields (m-M)0=10.5±0.2 for NGC 3680. Isochrones from several stellar models have been fit to the cluster sequence. When based on consistent uvby colour transformations and the above cluster parameters, these fits are very stable and show that standard models are not acceptable for stars with the turnoff mass of NGC 3680. Overshooting models perform much better, but further refinement of the overshooting formalism seems to be needed. The age derived for NGC 3680 is 1.45±0.3Gyr. The limiting factor in a precise comparison of theory and observations is now the transformation from theoretical to observed parameters, particularly (broad-band) colours.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): stars: evolution - fundamental parameters - HR diagram - kinematics - luminosity function, mass function - open clusters and associations: individual: NGC 3680

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/322/460): table1>

Simbad objects: 125

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Number of rows : 125
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 752 OpC 01 56 53.7 +37 45 06           ~ 712 0
2 Cl Melotte 25 OpC 04 30 27.4 +16 46 43           ~ 3309 0
3 NGC 2682 OpC 08 51 23.5 +11 48 54           ~ 2528 0
4 NGC 3680 76 * 11 24 46.0576001520 -43 12 31.272057792   13.601 12.376     ~ 7 0
5 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 925 * 11 24 47.6112657672 -43 12 21.548107224   13.875 13.146     ~ 6 0
6 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 936 * 11 24 48.4545246768 -43 12 17.122533192   13.123 12.700     ~ 17 0
7 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 952 * 11 24 51.1375913472 -43 09 15.916453812   12.94 12.36     ~ 17 0
8 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 967 * 11 24 52.9831451832 -43 06 34.164824076   14.058 13.560     ~ 14 0
9 NGC 3680 78 * 11 24 55.7276421456 -43 06 10.543404564   13.77 13.24     ~ 19 0
10 NGC 3680 69 * 11 24 58.6 -43 16 28   15.09 14.32     ~ 2 0
11 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1008 * 11 24 58.6163291832 -43 22 53.013257976   12.818 12.318     ~ 18 0
12 NGC 3680 3 * 11 24 59.9725763160 -43 15 23.904135756   12.15 11.60     ~ 14 0
13 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1026 * 11 25 00.7933849536 -43 18 24.971515992   14.822 13.803     ~ 6 0
14 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1031 * 11 25 01.4 -43 16 38   14.537 13.865     ~ 6 0
15 NGC 3680 1 * 11 25 01.5259746144 -43 10 23.148239664   12.45 11.98     ~ 22 0
16 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1045 * 11 25 02.6680984536 -43 07 56.353748916   14.748 13.902     ~ 6 0
17 NGC 3680 70 * 11 25 03.4757162376 -43 17 26.302286508   15.220 14.651     ~ 28 0
18 NGC 3680 2 * 11 25 05.80 -43 11 52.7   15.34 14.73     ~ 8 0
19 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1084 * 11 25 06.3 -43 07 15   14.658 14.007     ~ 6 0
20 NGC 3680 4 * 11 25 06.3257435112 -43 15 49.350630744   13.45 12.95     ~ 14 0
21 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1097 * 11 25 07.9503690888 -43 19 27.047445816   14.785 14.194     ~ 16 0
22 NGC 3680 17 * 11 25 10.0308705360 -43 09 26.827356456   13.06 12.05     ~ 13 0
23 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 139 * 11 25 11.3552659008 -43 13 10.294975164   14.254 13.244     ~ 7 0
24 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1133 * 11 25 11.6993867712 -43 06 30.957901704   14.573 14.006     ~ 16 0
25 Cl* NGC 3680 EGG 72 * 11 25 12.1303648152 -43 20 01.245986340   13.190 12.768     ~ 16 0
26 NGC 3680 71 * 11 25 13.6484300712 -43 19 14.541544596   13.366 12.620     ~ 10 0
27 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1164 * 11 25 15.2501055768 -43 07 44.327841816   12.889 11.877     ~ 7 0
28 NGC 3680 14 * 11 25 15.4708269408 -43 13 30.468205344   12.88 12.40     ~ 20 0
29 CD-42 6963 * 11 25 16.1744004384 -43 14 24.079251516   11.93 10.78     ~ 50 0
30 CD-42 6962 SB* 11 25 16.2054727176 -43 08 59.976131892   12.74 11.96     ~ 19 0
31 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 129 * 11 25 16.76 -43 13 25.7   15.245 14.562     ~ 8 0
32 NGC 3680 15 * 11 25 18.2480573472 -43 11 49.657879140   13.05 12.54     ~ 22 0
33 NGC 3680 5 * 11 25 18.4752370488 -43 16 24.785019624   13.35 12.86     ~ 25 0
34 NGC 3680 16 * 11 25 19.5569444472 -43 10 27.604893360   13.89 13.35     ~ 20 0
35 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1203 * 11 25 19.7612198496 -43 22 28.159763268   13.864 12.300     ~ 6 0
36 NGC 3680 OpC 11 25 19.8 -43 14 38   8.40 7.6     ~ 340 0
37 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1204 * 11 25 19.8610480224 -43 22 41.276555544   14.865 14.342     ~ 6 0
38 NGC 3680 6 * 11 25 20.3761283736 -43 17 31.991602308   13.00 12.48     ~ 22 0
39 NGC 3680 19 * 11 25 20.4459696816 -43 09 02.428134840   13.00 12.49     ~ 19 0
40 CD-42 6971 * 11 25 26.2329251328 -43 11 23.989609392   11.18 10.17     G5III 46 0
41 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 157 * 11 25 26.7540599160 -43 15 47.182097520   15.325 14.302     ~ 7 0
42 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1268 * 11 25 26.8639321200 -43 05 57.715182456   12.54 12.03     ~ 8 0
43 CD-42 6974 * 11 25 29.2495299072 -43 15 47.797382124   12.01 10.94     ~ 35 0
44 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 62 * 11 25 31.3823168280 -43 11 16.698376716   15.45 14.42     ~ 17 0
45 NGC 3680 21 * 11 25 31.76 -43 11 48.1     14.51     ~ 10 0
46 NGC 3680 23 * 11 25 32.3255038800 -43 15 10.741547160   14.70 14.06     ~ 20 0
47 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 143 * 11 25 32.7 -43 15 51     14.266     ~ 5 0
48 NGC 3680 22 * 11 25 32.9562750024 -43 12 39.065032872   14.02 13.47     ~ 19 0
49 NGC 3680 8 * 11 25 32.9746421880 -43 17 56.771299824   14.12 12.80     ~ 10 0
50 NGC 3680 10 * 11 25 32.9774391600 -43 16 50.136025008   13.35 12.91     ~ 24 0
51 NGC 3680 39 * 11 25 33.9147908136 -43 10 48.334011096   12.93 12.41     ~ 24 0
52 NGC 3680 9 * 11 25 34.2868641696 -43 17 24.941047632     14.13     ~ 19 0
53 NGC 3680 24 * 11 25 34.3432925328 -43 15 21.449527740   14.48 13.92     ~ 18 0
54 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 125 * 11 25 34.5329369112 -43 15 10.470724344   14.118 13.685     ~ 19 0
55 NGC 3680 40 * 11 25 34.6128023736 -43 10 30.603013284   13.67 12.55     K1III 11 0
56 NGC 3680 7 * 11 25 34.6440704760 -43 18 29.907540540   15.10 13.50     ~ 9 0
57 NGC 3680 38 * 11 25 35.8306674792 -43 11 21.118236180   13.00 12.47     ~ 26 0
58 NGC 3680 25 * 11 25 35.8587043056 -43 15 14.893761420     13.68     ~ 20 0
59 NGC 3680 33 * 11 25 36.0319597296 -43 14 06.142839936   12.40 11.88     ~ 22 0
60 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1357 * 11 25 36.5346480408 -43 04 59.482638120   14.320 13.454     ~ 7 0
61 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1362 * 11 25 36.9 -43 22 04   14.434 13.060     ~ 6 0
62 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 116 * 11 25 36.96 -43 14 21.4   13.29 12.77     ~ 11 0
63 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 100 * 11 25 38.0402364768 -43 13 50.030446296   13.486 13.091     ~ 12 0
64 CD-42 6977 * 11 25 38.0643019800 -43 16 06.379106556   12.1 10.8     ~ 45 0
65 NGC 3680 35 * 11 25 38.1499544496 -43 13 27.167971548   13.67 13.17     ~ 24 0
66 CD-42 6976 MS* 11 25 38.6652469728 -43 13 58.792503612   11.56 10.69     G0V 41 0
67 NGC 3680 36 * 11 25 38.9171495784 -43 12 53.484586387   14.00 13.44     ~ 13 0
68 NGC 3680 37 * 11 25 41.1599080608 -43 12 09.106252056   13.59 13.13     ~ 19 0
69 NGC 3680 30 * 11 25 41.2060889592 -43 14 32.515898712   14.17 13.63     ~ 20 0
70 CD-42 6978 SB* 11 25 41.9407631736 -43 17 06.905574420   11.93 10.78     ~ 51 0
71 NGC 3680 31 * 11 25 41.9523502320 -43 14 03.462286308   13.68 13.22     ~ 13 0
72 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1410B * 11 25 42.7809104606 -43 13 40.885668103   12.40 12.52 12.493   ~ 8 0
73 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 189 * 11 25 42.9 -43 19 46   15.177 14.449     ~ 7 0
74 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1410A * 11 25 42.9166831392 -43 13 38.368152156   12.20 11.78 12.006   ~ 15 0
75 NGC 3680 29 * 11 25 45 -43 16.4   12.63 12.14     ~ 16 0
76 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 192 * 11 25 45.8742806760 -43 20 12.952298076   14.944 14.449     ~ 7 0
77 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 194 * 11 25 46.4 -43 20 31   14.907 14.316     ~ 7 0
78 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 171 * 11 25 47.0934350136 -43 18 49.428111492   14.099 12.898     ~ 7 0
79 NGC 3680 32 * 11 25 47.27 -43 14 11.0   13.44 12.95     ~ 12 0
80 Cl* NGC 3680 NAA 1094 * 11 25 47.9 -43 07 21     14.248     ~ 2 0
81 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1458 * 11 25 48.1512356064 -43 07 40.685714580   13.92 13.22     ~ 5 0
82 CD-42 6981 * 11 25 48.5315765064 -43 09 52.530808176   12.043 10.886 10.08 9.829 ~ 65 0
83 CD-42 6983 * 11 25 49.9058331792 -43 12 15.712705908   11.3 10.02     K0III 43 0
84 Cl* NGC 3680 HTR M177 * 11 25 51.8998637343 -43 19 54.566454105   14.376 13.821 13.824   ~ 10 0
85 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 10 * 11 25 54.4 -43 09 57     12.963     ~ 3 0
86 NGC 3680 46 * 11 25 54.5413183968 -43 14 23.440856748   13.811 13.416     ~ 19 0
87 NGC 3680 43 * 11 25 55.0229330664 -43 10 05.030561892   12.95 12.50     ~ 24 0
88 NGC 3680 45 * 11 25 56.5374095952 -43 13 01.622067420   12.60 12.04     ~ 17 0
89 Cl* NGC 3680 HTR M111 * 11 25 56.9288669160 -43 15 31.495255488   13.976 13.543     ~ 13 0
90 Cl* NGC 3680 HTR M13 * 11 25 57.8487471192 -43 08 15.652200552   14.834 14.339     ~ 15 0
91 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 19 * 11 25 58.6 -43 11 14     14.239     ~ 3 0
92 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 106 * 11 25 59.39 -43 16 19.7   15.35 14.63     ~ 6 0
93 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1554 * 11 26 00.8801222952 -43 05 31.256706300   14.84 14.28     ~ 14 0
94 Cl* NGC 3680 BFK 90 * 11 26 02.4329116416 -43 15 56.992315860   14.646 13.658     ~ 8 0
95 Cl* NGC 3680 HTR M157 * 11 26 08.0357671330 -43 18 25.221725615   14.076 13.676     ~ 14 0
96 Cl* NGC 3680 HTR M179 * 11 26 08.7611783249 -43 20 05.849350348   14.748 14.069 13.916   ~ 9 0
97 NGC 3680 58 * 11 26 09.1609410048 -43 12 14.012108172   13.45 12.96     ~ 16 0
98 NGC 3680 48 * 11 26 09.6761135304 -43 18 26.384888124   12.28 11.83     ~ 11 0
99 NGC 3680 74 * 11 26 09.68 -43 20 15.4   13.412 12.979     ~ 7 0
100 NGC 3680 59 * 11 26 09.92 -43 13 33.8   13.75 12.56     ~ 7 0
101 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1649 * 11 26 10.2779545488 -43 21 59.217887340   12.86 12.37     ~ 18 0
102 NGC 3680 49 * 11 26 10.8936967368 -43 17 24.592840296   13.93 13.08     ~ 8 0
103 NGC 3680 57 * 11 26 11.6650941312 -43 10 10.883786268   13.00 12.56     ~ 8 0
104 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1678 * 11 26 13.0664751432 -43 23 27.948114420   13.469 13.031     ~ 7 0
105 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1699 * 11 26 15.6 -43 07 51   14.712 14.156     ~ 6 0
106 NGC 3680 60 * 11 26 20.7065904912 -43 13 07.467128544   14.99 14.36     ~ 33 0
107 NGC 3680 61 * 11 26 21.1791624648 -43 13 31.115666676   15.25 14.46     ~ 9 0
108 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1756 * 11 26 21.2153957256 -43 20 30.528030516   14.261 13.138     ~ 6 0
109 NGC 3680 50 * 11 26 24.8181008928 -43 15 25.612303716   12.70 11.87     G8IV 14 0
110 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1800 * 11 26 27.0476380257 -43 23 28.991524731   13.607 13.105     ~ 9 0
111 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1811 * 11 26 29.0935819176 -43 07 33.860416764   14.465 13.954     ~ 6 0
112 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1840 * 11 26 32.7712826448 -43 16 33.074183316   15.190 14.626     ~ 6 0
113 CD-42 6994 SB* 11 26 33.3482002920 -43 22 32.451341520   10.30 9.83     G0 13 0
114 Cl* NGC 3680 KGP 1852 * 11 26 33.9069264504 -43 23 32.605379448   12.928 11.769     ~ 6 0
115 NGC 3680 53 * 11 26 36.4327300968 -43 15 13.920198264   11.8 10.7     K1IV 38 0
116 NGC 3680 64 * 11 26 38.9388894792 -43 21 08.435765988   13.01 12.03     ~ 13 0
117 HD 99524 * 11 26 39.8048739552 -43 14 43.129078476   10.14 8.93     K2III 18 0
118 NGC 3680 65 * 11 26 40.3956847608 -43 18 17.948512764   13.665 13.168     ~ 8 0
119 NGC 3680 63 * 11 26 41.1033792288 -43 21 17.255093112   13.02 11.45     ~ 8 0
120 NGC 3680 55 EB* 11 26 41.4219352944 -43 10 18.466631472   12.89 12.02     G0III+G6III 15 0
121 NGC 3680 77 * 11 26 41.6181497112 -43 15 26.681085684   13.555 13.101     ~ 8 0
122 NGC 3680 66 SB* 11 26 49.6629303384 -43 17 35.454429672   12.42 11.69     ~ 9 0
123 NGC 3680 68 * 11 26 50.2920071880 -43 11 35.450840472   13.753 13.218     ~ 8 0
124 NGC 3680 67 * 11 26 52.7 -43 11 45   13.355 12.817     ~ 7 0
125 IC 4651 OpC 17 24 48.5 -49 55 23           ~ 374 0

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