1998ApJ...507..241P

Query : 1998ApJ...507..241P

1998ApJ...507..241P - Astrophys. J., 507, 241-253 (1998/November-1)

Origin and evolution of the Cepheus bubble.

PATEL N.A., GOLDSMITH P.F., HEYER M.H., SNELL R.L. and PRATAP P.

Abstract (from CDS):

We have imaged a 10°x10° region of the Cepheus bubble in the J = 1-0 line of CO and the 21 cm line of atomic hydrogen. The CO emission defines a giant expanding shell 120 pc in diameter, which is similar to that seen in the IRAS sky maps. We estimate the total gas mass in the region to be ∼4x105 M☉. The total kinetic energy from the observed spread of velocities of the molecular clouds is ∼1051 ergs. We suggest that the members of earlier generations of massive stars in NGC 7160 are responsible for the origin of the Cepheus bubble. These stars created an expanding compressed shell of gas that became gravitationally unstable at an age of ∼7 Myr. The members of the Cepheus OB2 association comprise the second, intermediate generation of stars in this region that formed as a consequence of this instability. The numerous color selected IRAS point sources represent the third and youngest generation of stars in this region. Our observations suggest the great importance of sequentially triggered star formation in the region of the Cepheus bubble.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): ISM: Bubbles - ISM: individual (Cepheus bubble) - ISM: Molecules - Galaxy: Open Clusters and Associations: Individual: Name: Cepheus OB2 - Radio Lines: ISM

Nomenclature: Table 1: [PGH98b] Star NN (Nos 1-51). Table 2: [PGH98b] Cloud NN (Nos 1-39).

Simbad objects: 117

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Number of rows : 117
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME lam Ori Cloud Cld 05 35 06 +09 56.0           ~ 76 0
2 NAME lam Ori Complex SFR 05 35 06 +09 56.0           ~ 86 0
3 NAME Mon R2 HII 06 07 47.58 -06 22 42.6           ~ 789 2
4 Ass Gem OB 1 As* 06 09.8 +21 35           ~ 203 0
5 NAME GUM Nebula ISM 07 43 -42.1           ~ 454 1
6 W 33 SFR 18 14 14.0 -17 55 50           ~ 292 0
7 [PGH98b] Cloud 1 Cld 21 06.0 +63 26           ~ 1 0
8 HD 239581 * 21 08 27.6513785544 +56 02 43.210553928 7.94 8.26 7.95     B2V 26 0
9 [PGH98b] Cloud 2 Cld 21 11.2 +61 56           ~ 1 0
10 SH 2-129 HII 21 11.8 +59 57           ~ 31 0
11 HD 202214 ** 21 11 48.23752 +59 59 11.8024 4.97         O9.5IV 150 0
12 HD 239618 Be* 21 14 45.4840663728 +59 45 39.707552124 8.53 9.05 8.65     B2Ve 43 0
13 [PGH98b] Cloud 6 Cld 21 15.2 +61 15           ~ 1 0
14 [PGH98b] Cloud 4 Cld 21 16.2 +62 06           ~ 1 0
15 [PGH98b] Cloud 3 Cld 21 16.3 +59 13           ~ 1 0
16 [PGH98b] Cloud 5 Cld 21 17.1 +64 08           ~ 1 0
17 HD 239626 * 21 17 33.4711164072 +60 06 01.634307120 9.07 9.53 9.27     B0V 37 0
18 * 68 Cyg SB* 21 18 27.1862219256 +43 56 45.399147864 4.05 4.99 5.00     O7.5IIIn((f)) 383 0
19 HD 203374 Be* 21 19 07.3685524992 +61 51 30.436799148 6.23 6.908 6.674     B0IVpe 135 0
20 [PGH98b] Cloud 7 Cld 21 20.4 +58 41           ~ 1 0
21 [PGH98b] Cloud 8 Cld 21 21.4 +58 18           ~ 1 0
22 [PGH98b] Cloud 9 Cld 21 22.5 +57 29           ~ 1 0
23 HD 204150 * 21 24 14.1006724032 +60 47 50.352318636 6.96 7.74 7.72     B2V 41 0
24 [PGH98b] Cloud 10 Cld 21 26.2 +63 31           ~ 1 0
25 [PGH98b] Cloud 15 Cld 21 26.5 +57 43           ~ 1 0
26 HD 239671 * 21 27 13.4201984544 +56 12 30.192553728   9.49 9.01     B2V 21 0
27 [PGH98b] Cloud 14 Cld 21 27.3 +61 41           ~ 1 0
28 V* V427 Cep EB* 21 27 32.6056860792 +59 17 40.829630604 9.2 9.52 9.14     B5 35 0
29 HD 204827 SB* 21 28 57.7592315784 +58 44 23.238427956 8.63 8.74 7.94 7.25 6.76 O9.5IV 372 0
30 LBN 103.05+09.67 HII 21 29.0 +64 18           ~ 11 0
31 [PGH98b] Cloud 16 Cld 21 30.4 +60 21           ~ 1 0
32 HD 239689 Y*O 21 30 45.9265436880 +57 12 00.161055720 8.40 9.02 8.83     B1.5V 41 0
33 HD 205139 * 21 30 59.2916490744 +60 27 33.954560208 4.92 5.604 5.522     B1Ib 104 0
34 [PGH98b] Cloud 17 Cld 21 31.5 +58 46           ~ 1 0
35 HD 205196 s*b 21 31 38.4074213784 +57 30 09.325268748 7.57 7.918 7.427     B0Ib 74 0
36 GSH 102+08-18 sh 21 32 +62.7           ~ 2 0
37 HD 205794 * 21 35 43.8316516008 +57 28 03.479149560 8.22 8.71 8.43     B0.5V 54 0
38 [PGH98b] Cloud 13 Cld 21 36.2 +64 53           ~ 1 0
39 [PGH98b] Cloud 12 Cld 21 36.3 +62 13           ~ 1 0
40 [PGH98b] Cloud 19 Cld 21 36.4 +59 40           ~ 1 0
41 HD 205948 * 21 36 47.8726823400 +57 35 02.095597860 8.33 8.90 8.65     B2V 44 0
42 LDN 1116 DNe 21 36 58.3 +58 36 36           ~ 10 0
43 HD 239712 Be* 21 36 59.6409429960 +58 08 24.600845184 8.79 8.93 8.54     B2Vnne 44 0
44 SH 2-131 HII 21 37 07 +57 30.9           ~ 51 1
45 * 9 Cep s*b 21 37 55.2241394424 +62 04 54.990376788 4.49 5.03 4.73 4.42 4.24 B2Ib 315 0
46 HD 239724 * 21 38 39.5275902672 +57 22 01.710139188 9.02 9.51 9.14     B1III 33 0
47 IC 1396 OpC 21 38 51.4 +57 31 52           ~ 523 1
48 HD 206267 Y*O 21 38 57.6195772032 +57 29 20.554016280 5.09 5.83 5.62   5.56 O6.0V((f))+O9:V 520 0
49 HD 206327 Pu* 21 39 01.0400603472 +61 33 22.136201532 8.31 9.37 9.19     B2V 50 0
50 HD 239729 Y*O 21 39 27.4057254792 +57 29 00.810299364 8.17 8.71 8.35   7.96 B0V 82 0
51 [PGH98b] Cloud 18 Cld 21 39.5 +58 40           ~ 2 0
52 HD 206773 Be* 21 42 24.1853979312 +57 44 09.795762276 6.30 7.10 6.87     B0V:pe 178 0
53 HD 239743 ** 21 42 46.6303123536 +60 17 45.319034400 9.45 9.53 9.03     B2V 34 0
54 NGC 7129 OpC 21 43 01.1 +66 07 04     11.5     ~ 271 0
55 HD 239748 * 21 43 41.3010883848 +58 14 23.293726980 8.26 8.92 8.75     B1V 35 0
56 HD 207017 * 21 43 45.1433069136 +62 46 17.543250408   8.77 8.59     B2V 30 0
57 NAME Cepheus Bubble PoC 21 44 +61.7           ~ 39 0
58 HD 239758 Be* 21 44 34.0127758032 +59 03 25.740146700 9.23 9.68 9.43     B2III:nn 55 0
59 HD 239756 * 21 44 35.6827763304 +57 27 12.416255244   9.64 8.51     G8III: 7 0
60 HD 207198 Y*? 21 44 53.2791389640 +62 27 38.048647248 5.61 6.25 5.94 5.66 5.49 O8.5II 365 0
61 [PGH98b] Cloud 20 Cld 21 45.3 +64 23           ~ 1 0
62 HD 207308 * 21 45 42.3669566232 +62 18 30.021766056 7.11 7.74 7.49     B0.5V 73 0
63 BD+57 2395 EB* 21 46 11.0635141968 +57 47 33.691363764   9.91 9.56     B2 19 0
64 V* AI Cep EB* 21 46 22.5913668360 +56 55 01.816723704 9.6 9.84 9.31     B0.5V 65 0
65 [PGH98b] Cloud 21 Cld 21 46.5 +60 14           ~ 2 0
66 HD 207538 * 21 47 39.7896725544 +59 42 01.348647696 7 7.55 7.30     O9.7IV 213 1
67 [PGH98b] Cloud 22 Cld 21 48.4 +63 22           ~ 1 0
68 LDN 1144 DNe 21 50.5 +60 07           ~ 7 0
69 [PGH98b] Cloud 25 Cld 21 50.6 +59 02           ~ 1 0
70 HD 207951 * 21 50 40.6352978976 +61 48 11.235158640 7.75 8.30 8.18     B2V 37 0
71 Ass Cep OB 2 As* 21 51 +60.0           ~ 303 0
72 HD 208218 Y*? 21 52 35.1450252744 +62 42 43.819015428 6.3 6.894 6.708     B1III 77 0
73 HD 208266 bC? 21 53 00.3461714376 +60 38 32.647776252 7.78 8.36 8.14     B1V 58 0
74 HD 239789 * 21 53 05.1218466120 +58 21 37.218817152 9.35 9.68 9.32     B2 17 0
75 [PGH98b] Cloud 23 Cld 21 53.4 +62 32           ~ 1 0
76 NGC 7160 OpC 21 53 44.8 +62 35 33   6.34 6.1     ~ 243 0
77 HD 208392 Be* 21 53 48.1028849616 +62 36 51.923017728 6.74 7.20 7.03     B1Vn 165 0
78 HD 208440 Y*? 21 53 53.2978442568 +62 36 00.753455268 7.24 7.93 7.91     B1V 105 0
79 [PGH98b] Cloud 24 Cld 21 56.4 +63 50           ~ 1 0
80 LBN 105.48+07.80 HII 21 57.2 +64 41           ~ 19 0
81 HD 208905 * 21 57 17.66664 +61 17 43.1228 6.34         B1III 77 0
82 LDN 1149 DNe 21 57.6 +59 07           ~ 8 0
83 GSH 102+03-115 sh 21 58 +58.6           ~ 4 0
84 LDN 1143 DNe 21 58 43 +58 57.6           ~ 13 0
85 HD 209339 ** 22 00 39.2649125112 +62 29 16.063886004 5.9 8.73 8.51 7.61   O9.7IV 196 0
86 HD 239828 s*b 22 01 19.9485040800 +59 30 06.988121424 10.23 10.19 9.44     B5Ia 30 0
87 HD 209454 ** 22 01 25.7175494695 +61 33 21.963050968 7.28 7.90 7.77     B2V 42 0
88 * 14 Cep SB* 22 02 04.5726270264 +58 00 01.309758516 4.77 5.551 5.542     O9IV(n)var+B1:V: 262 0
89 [PGH98b] Cloud 26 Cld 22 03.5 +63 48           ~ 1 0
90 AG+62 1304 PM* 22 05 00.7549688232 +62 16 52.598903232   11.79 10.74 10.36   ~ 5 0
91 * 19 Cep * 22 05 08.7897533088 +62 16 47.332569936 4.36 5.19 5.11 4.95 4.92 O9Ib 397 0
92 BD+57 2472 * 22 10 20.1417899136 +58 08 26.343772044 11.17 10.8 9.7     B 14 0
93 * lam Cep s*b 22 11 30.5765111040 +59 24 52.154264880 4.55 5.29 5.05 4.77 4.62 O6.5I(n)fp 705 1
94 [PGH98b] Cloud 29 Cld 22 11.6 +62 15           ~ 1 0
95 [PGH98b] Cloud 31 Cld 22 11.7 +60 26           ~ 1 0
96 GSH 103+02-66 sh 22 12 +58.5           ~ 2 0
97 HD 239886 s*b 22 12 33.5937732216 +57 15 57.604071060 9.81 9.53 8.87     B8Ia 33 0
98 LBN 104.28+02.09 HII 22 12 44.2 +58 59 56           ~ 41 0
99 HD 239895 s*b 22 13 16.8315631824 +57 39 58.231803924 9.77 9.49 8.65     B8Ia 30 0
100 [PGH98b] Cloud 33 Cld 22 14.6 +61 33           ~ 1 0
101 [PGH98b] Cloud 28 Cld 22 16.5 +64 23           ~ 1 0
102 HD 211880 * 22 18 27.8032795224 +63 13 22.448689068 7.47 7.99 7.75     B0.5V 106 0
103 SH 2-140 OpC 22 19 07.8 +63 17 07           ~ 668 2
104 IRAS 22176+6303 Y*O 22 19 18.23 +63 18 47.5           ~ 600 0
105 HD 239923 ** 22 19 20.9350995048 +58 57 11.336173092 9.6 9.58 8.92     B3Ib 34 0
106 [PGH98b] Cloud 34 Cld 22 20.8 +58 48           ~ 1 0
107 [PGH98b] Cloud 32 Cld 22 21.6 +63 52           ~ 1 0
108 [PGH98b] Cloud 39 Cld 22 23.7 +61 20           ~ 1 0
109 GSH 107+04-17 sh 22 24 +62.2           ~ 2 0
110 SH 2-145 HII 22 25.5 +64 18           ~ 23 1
111 GSH 108+05-46 sh 22 26 +63.7           ~ 2 0
112 LDN 1204 DNe 22 26.7 +63 15           ~ 88 1
113 [PGH98b] Cloud 37 Cld 22 26.7 +62 44           ~ 1 0
114 HD 213023 ** 22 26 52.36705 +63 43 04.9074 9.01 9.41 8.81 8.76   O9V: 42 0
115 LDN 1203 DNe 22 28 29.3 +62 59 44           ~ 16 0
116 [PGH98b] Cloud 35 Cld 22 28.7 +64 19           ~ 1 0
117 LBN 108.88+06.09 HII 22 29 15.9 +64 51 08           ~ 16 0

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