2000A&A...353..873M

Query : 2000A&A...353..873M

2000A&A...353..873M - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 353873-886 (2000/1-3)

Gravo-thermal properties and formation of elliptical galaxies.

MARQUEZ I., LIMA NETO G.B., CAPELATO H., DURRET F. and GERBAL D.

Abstract (from CDS):

We have analyzed a sample of galaxies belonging to three clusters: Coma, Abell 85, and Abell 496 (real galaxies) and a sample of simulated elliptical galaxies formed in a hierarchical merging scheme (virtual galaxies). We use the Sersic law to describe their light profile. The specific entropy (Boltzmann-Gibbs definition) is then calculated supposing that the galaxies behave as spherical, isotropic, one-component systems. We find that, to a good approximation (∼10%), both real and virtual galaxies have an almost unique specific entropy. Within this approximation the galaxies are distributed in a thin plane in the space defined by the three Sersic law parameters, which we call the Entropic Plane. A further analysis shows that both real and virtual galaxies are in fact located on a thin line, therefore indicating the existence of another - and yet unknown - physical property, besides the uniqueness of the specific entropy. A more careful examination of the virtual galaxies sample indicates a very small increase of their specific entropy with merging generation. In a hierarchical scenario, this implies a correlation between the specific entropy and the total mass, which is indeed seen in our data. The scatter and tilt of the Entropic Line, defined by Lima Neto et al. (1999MNRAS.309..481L), are reduced when this correlation is taken into account. Although one cannot distinguish between various generations for real galaxies, the distribution of their specific entropy is similar to that in the virtual sample, suggesting that hierarchical merging processes could be an important mechanism in the building of elliptical galaxies.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): gravitation - methods: N-body simulations - galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 496 - galaxies: clusters: individual: Abell 85 - galaxies: clusters: individual: Coma - galaxies: formation

Simbad objects: 141

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Number of rows : 141
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 LEDA 2800496 GiC 00 41 21.7420992336 -09 19 43.038666516     17.81     ~ 10 0
2 LEDA 2800498 GiC 00 41 22.6122076296 -09 18 34.616523708     18.06     ~ 10 0
3 [SRM2001] ACO 85 D rG 00 41 30.4716858864 -09 21 32.645266344   16.55 17.48     ~ 17 0
4 LEDA 93193 GiC 00 41 30.9857357376 -09 17 54.021309432     18.00     ~ 11 0
5 LEDA 93196 rG 00 41 31.9255844664 -09 20 02.356582524   16.61 15.95 15.43   ~ 13 0
6 2MASXI J0041348-092150 Sy2 00 41 34.8906723768 -09 21 50.547420468   16.61 15.99 15.29   ~ 25 0
7 ACO 85 ClG 00 41 36.21 -09 19 30.4           ~ 974 0
8 2MASX J00413620-0919299 GiC 00 41 36.2149233072 -09 19 30.326118564   17.41 17.15     ~ 15 0
9 2MASX J00413944-0924519 GiC 00 41 39.4312283088 -09 24 52.456705668   17.66 17.08     ~ 15 0
10 2MASX J00413964-0927309 GiC 00 41 39.6301357920 -09 27 31.235162040   17.60 16.78     ~ 17 0
11 SDSS J004140.76-091631.6 GiC 00 41 40.7698997760 -09 16 31.684528668     18.04     ~ 8 0
12 6dFGS gJ004141.3-091857 GiC 00 41 41.3146716768 -09 18 57.176692992   15.86 16.12     ~ 18 0
13 SDSS J004141.38-092621.5 GiC 00 41 41.3868764904 -09 26 21.468469884     17.89     ~ 11 0
14 SDSS J004142.47-092125.8 GiC 00 41 42.47305 -09 21 25.8467     18.19     ~ 10 0
15 MCG-02-02-084 BiC 00 41 42.9967447968 -09 26 21.940279080   16 14.70 14.43   ~ 30 0
16 SDSS J004143.56-092530.4 GiC 00 41 43.5626853624 -09 25 30.452796336     18.00     ~ 12 0
17 LEDA 93217 GiC 00 41 44.8012897440 -09 20 17.400547248   16.95 17.66     ~ 11 0
18 [CZ2003] 85A-1294 13 GiC 00 41 45.76 -09 26 35.1     18.35     ~ 7 0
19 APMUKS (BJ) B003914.14-094511.5 GiC 00 41 45.9418400568 -09 28 44.295930156     18.81     ~ 8 0
20 2MASX J00414809-0927299 GiC 00 41 48.0765378696 -09 27 30.361635684     17.60     ~ 12 0
21 FIRST J004148.2-091702 rG 00 41 48.2308999032 -09 17 03.269185620   17.02 16.09     ~ 42 0
22 [MKD92] ACO 85 84 GiC 00 41 49.1178309408 -09 29 02.711289264     17.61     ~ 12 0
23 LEDA 93226 GiC 00 41 50.1734020176 -09 25 47.379587232   16.26 15.57     ~ 57 1
24 MCG-02-02-086 rG 00 41 50.45002 -09 18 11.4633   14 13.52 12.94   ~ 154 1
25 LEDA 2800535 GiC 00 41 50.8067111856 -09 13 45.756288480     17.79     ~ 9 0
26 LEDA 93229 GiC 00 41 52.5 -09 21 30     17.62     ~ 9 0
27 SDSS J004156.34-092256.6 GiC 00 41 56.3441352600 -09 22 56.634062952     18.12     ~ 8 0
28 2MASX J00420326-0928161 GiC 00 42 03.2713577256 -09 28 15.815001036   17.10 17.33     ~ 13 0
29 SDSS J004211.75-092732.7 GiC 00 42 11.7547371984 -09 27 32.797767456     18.12     ~ 8 0
30 2MASX J00421732-0928481 GiC 00 42 17.2722440328 -09 28 47.855956944     17.00     ~ 10 0
31 2MASX J00421921-0923161 GiC 00 42 19.2024024528 -09 23 15.791336556   17.74 17.31     ~ 13 0
32 2MASX J00421995-0921191 GiC 00 42 19.9635268032 -09 21 18.848608308   17.62 17.42     ~ 13 0
33 LEDA 2800573 GiC 00 42 20.2726680480 -09 22 02.036935308     18.54     ~ 6 0
34 LEDA 2800614 GiC 00 42 58.6560 -08 55 05.520     18.21     ~ 5 0
35 2MASX J00431088-0940543 GiC 00 43 10.8938511624 -09 40 54.065224020   16.11 15.44 14.97   ~ 20 0
36 CAIRNS J043304.57-131558.7 GiC 04 33 04.64 -13 15 58.0           ~ 4 0
37 LEDA 93394 GiC 04 33 10.9 -13 14 10   17.65       ~ 13 0
38 2MASX J04332154-1313140 GiC 04 33 21.5409937920 -13 13 13.891489428   15   15.80   ~ 11 0
39 LEDA 93403 GiC 04 33 24.8 -13 13 42     18.91     ~ 11 0
40 [CCD2008] ACO 496 J043326.49-131717.8 GiC 04 33 26.53 -13 17 17.6     19.50     ~ 8 0
41 LEDA 93407 GiC 04 33 30.96 -13 07 11.8   14.61 17.99     ~ 7 0
42 6dFGS gJ043331.0-132246 GiC 04 33 30.9631955400 -13 22 45.900974568   15   15.07   ~ 21 0
43 LEDA 93409 GiC 04 33 31.4 -13 16 54     18.00     ~ 11 0
44 LEDA 93410 GiC 04 33 32.0 -13 15 18     17.90     ~ 10 0
45 2MASX J04333208-1310200 GiC 04 33 32.1186317040 -13 10 19.897739580   14   14.82   ~ 24 0
46 2MASX J04333318-1317120 GiC 04 33 33.1750538664 -13 17 12.555603276           ~ 8 0
47 LEDA 93412 GiC 04 33 33.5 -13 18 52   17.03 17.81     ~ 12 0
48 2MASX J04333393-1322510 GiC 04 33 33.9358846296 -13 22 51.052833084   16 16.51 15.86   ~ 13 0
49 2MASX J04333612-1314430 GiC 04 33 36.1227974976 -13 14 42.816151644           ~ 4 0
50 2MASX J04333619-1314100 GiC 04 33 36.1703073552 -13 14 09.947089932   16       ~ 8 0
51 LEDA 93415 GiC 04 33 36.2 -13 19 29     17.71     ~ 7 0
52 CAIRNS J043336.85-132125.5 GiC 04 33 36.92 -13 21 24.7     19.21     ~ 5 0
53 2MASXI J0433396-132032 GiC 04 33 39.5982216096 -13 20 32.457106716   15 16.31 15.68   ~ 11 0
54 ACO 496 ClG 04 33 40.8 -13 14 34           ~ 728 2
55 6dFGS gJ043341.0-131801 GiC 04 33 40.9566057648 -13 18 01.542896424   16   15.99   ~ 10 0
56 2MASX J04334153-1310130 GiG 04 33 41.5309504680 -13 10 12.549931248   14 15.79 14.62   ~ 31 0
57 [CCD2008] ACO 496 J043342.10-131653.7 GiC 04 33 42.10 -13 16 53.7     18.10     ~ 9 0
58 LEDA 93421 GiC 04 33 42.7 -13 08 47   17.90 17.99     ~ 13 0
59 LEDA 15527 rG 04 33 42.7384129248 -13 20 23.515868148   14   15.05   ~ 24 0
60 LEDA 93425 GiC 04 33 46.5 -13 17 55   17.47       ~ 13 0
61 2MASX J04334886-1312270 GiC 04 33 48.8942649048 -13 12 26.527249260   17.60       ~ 10 0
62 LEDA 15532 EmG 04 33 51.3807891504 -13 14 53.632167684   15   15.02   ~ 24 0
63 LEDA 93429 GiC 04 33 52.7 -13 15 23     18.20     ~ 11 0
64 LEDA 93431 GiC 04 33 56.9 -13 19 18   18.07 18.61     ~ 10 0
65 LEDA 93434 GiC 04 34 01.5 -13 14 01     17.41     ~ 9 0
66 2MASX J04340316-1313109 GiC 04 34 03.1904133552 -13 13 10.787099772   17.79       ~ 12 0
67 2MASXI J0434072-131514 GiC 04 34 07.2503515344 -13 15 14.108405004   16 16.81     ~ 10 0
68 2MASX J04340988-1314349 GiC 04 34 09.9048340152 -13 14 34.899061524   16 16.81 16.04   ~ 12 0
69 PKS 0431-134 rG 04 34 10.4303749800 -13 22 11.990119764   14 16.01 14.36   ~ 61 0
70 Z 160-65 GiG 12 58 30.2081987472 +28 00 53.079578820 15.30 15.0 13.88     ~ 96 0
71 2MASX J12583190+2802587 GiC 12 58 31.9141731072 +28 02 58.611181200 17.02 17.24 15.75 15.31 14.98 ~ 44 0
72 2MASX J12583671+2750576 GiC 12 58 36.7598192688 +27 50 58.128003456     16.72 16.35   ~ 26 0
73 2MASX J12583899+2757136 GiC 12 58 38.9569781544 +27 57 13.904228124 17.87 17.19 16.08 15.73   ~ 29 0
74 2MASX J12585523+2757529 GiC 12 58 55.2555720768 +27 57 52.976652984 16.78 16.505 15.39 15.01 14.264 ~ 82 0
75 LEDA 126809 GiC 12 58 59.47813 +27 56 04.2694 18.37 18.23 16.75 16.40 16.11 ~ 29 0
76 2MASX J12590006+2758029 GiC 12 59 00.0748454616 +27 58 02.956799568 17.27 17.216 15.80 15.55 15.032 ~ 73 0
77 NGC 4860 GiG 12 59 03.9057463440 +28 07 25.326557148 14.84 14.7 13.24     ~ 157 0
78 2MASX J12590414+2757329 GiC 12 59 04.1588288328 +27 57 32.935155624 17.739 17.33 16.42 15.74 15.35 ~ 56 0
79 2MASX J12590459+2754389 GiC 12 59 04.6397847984 +27 54 39.532051296 16.84 16.836 15.46 15.34 14.652 ~ 60 0
80 SDSS J125905.94+280228.8 G 12 59 05.944 +28 02 28.81 20.69   19.76 18.57 18.7 ~ 16 0
81 IC 3960 AGN 12 59 07.9458606024 +27 51 17.892495432 15.96 15.5 14.47 14.233 13.516 ~ 103 1
82 LEDA 126801 GiC 12 59 09.0768931344 +27 53 51.191982600 18.701 18.36 17.18 16.90 16.329 ~ 21 0
83 LEDA 126800 G 12 59 11.5550609088 +28 00 33.405609060 18.34 18.12 16.76 16.43 16.03 ~ 36 0
84 NGC 4864 GiG 12 59 13.129 +27 58 36.91 15.338 14.8 13.872 13.321 12.594 ~ 136 0
85 Z 160-A14 GiC 12 59 13.9260998280 +28 04 34.492645668 16.20 15.731 14.89 14.484 13.602 ~ 57 0
86 NGC 4867 GiG 12 59 15.2505719952 +27 58 14.616353712 15.60 15.5 14.14 13.969 13.213 ~ 129 0
87 LEDA 1822852 GiC 12 59 19.71516 +27 58 24.5874 18.57 18.677 17.13 16.81 16.686 ~ 32 0
88 NGC 4865 EmG 12 59 19.8737739096 +28 05 03.488821044 15.06 14.6 13.692 13.131 12.443 ~ 115 0
89 2MASX J12592016+2753098 GiC 12 59 20.1719431200 +27 53 09.554536464 16.59 16.657 15.38 15.07 14.591 ~ 89 0
90 2MASX J12592022+2804278 GiC 12 59 20.2009258968 +28 04 27.474050280 17.817 17.487 15.94 15.63 15.431 ~ 37 0
91 SDSS J125920.26+271418.7 G 12 59 20.262 +27 14 18.75     18.00 17.59   ~ 4 0
92 2MASX J12592136+2758248 GiC 12 59 21.4151965488 +27 58 24.866619600 17.67 17.608 16.12 16.09 15.57 ~ 42 0
93 2MASX J12592265+2753488 GiC 12 59 22.6199737728 +27 53 48.734841408 16.66 16.504 15.33 14.972 14.39 ~ 67 0
94 NGC 4869 EmG 12 59 23.3588349024 +27 54 41.731884360 15.03 14.9 13.52 13.292 12.536 ~ 286 0
95 2MASX J12592529+2758048 GiC 12 59 25.3302921888 +27 58 04.567089792 16.97 17.055 15.59 15.541 14.863 ~ 67 0
96 2MASX J12592536+2756038 GiC 12 59 25.3390430424 +27 56 04.172369748 18.08 18.094 17.02 16.73 16.12 ~ 32 0
97 IC 3968 EmG 12 59 25.4893671192 +27 58 23.553468660 16.70 16.795 15.32 15.271 14.593 ~ 63 0
98 LEDA 44609 EmG 12 59 28.4615191671 +28 05 07.395197002 17.274 17.074 15.56 15.22 15.177 ~ 39 0
99 IC 3976 G 12 59 29.4017977320 +27 51 00.507145788 15.93 15.5 14.42 14.212 13.495 ~ 111 0
100 NGC 4871 LIN 12 59 29.9631023208 +27 57 23.169658968 15.59 15.1 14.07 13.801 13.113 ~ 121 0
101 IC 3973 AG? 12 59 30.8230953864 +27 53 03.142254372 15.50 15.2 14.03 13.802 13.114 ~ 112 0
102 LEDA 126789 GiC 12 59 31.8900485880 +27 51 40.704633756 18.62 18.479 17.13 16.81 16.9 ~ 26 0
103 NGC 4873 EmG 12 59 32.7956813376 +27 59 01.023698256 15.53 15.4 14.36 14.24 13.224 ~ 125 0
104 NGC 4872 AGN 12 59 34.1212116072 +27 56 48.678716616 15.58 14.7 14.10 14.092 13.423 ~ 141 0
105 SDSS J125934.40+275942.8 G 12 59 34.403 +27 59 42.89     19.94 19.68 19.9 ~ 11 0
106 LEDA 1821898 GiC 12 59 35.180 +27 56 05.00 18.974 18.894 18.055 17.607 17.065 ~ 23 0
107 NGC 4874 LIN 12 59 35.7093764280 +27 57 33.293892204 13.01 13.7 12.71 12.27 11.386 ~ 814 3
108 LEDA 44634 EmG 12 59 37.4884659408 +28 09 58.056596712     16.32 15.96   ~ 44 0
109 NGC 4875 GiC 12 59 37.9093929384 +27 54 26.400242232 16.03 15.92 14.57 14.322 13.605 ~ 99 0
110 LEDA 44636 G 12 59 38.3213456016 +27 59 13.953200280 17.19 17.13 15.89 15.59 15.002 ~ 66 0
111 LEDA 44644 G 12 59 39.6590757624 +27 57 14.115321252 16.97 16.99 15.59 15.41 14.99 ~ 75 0
112 Z 160-233 G 12 59 42.3031814928 +27 55 29.073263772 17.64 16.553 15.42 15.051 14.373 ~ 99 0
113 LEDA 44656 G 12 59 43.7289109656 +27 59 40.858551456 16.53 16.384 15.15 14.832 14.154 ~ 96 0
114 LEDA 44652 G 12 59 44.2059500952 +27 57 30.335521572 16.94 16.982 15.65 15.41 14.881 ~ 63 0
115 2MASX J12594422+2752037 GiC 12 59 44.2094234376 +27 52 03.683102700 17.78 17.60 16.24 15.89 15.56 ~ 36 0
116 NGC 4876 LIN 12 59 44.4043327032 +27 54 44.883805032 15.61 15.1 14.18 13.992 13.333 ~ 154 0
117 ACO 1656 ClG 12 59 44.40 +27 54 44.9           ~ 5141 2
118 IC 3998 G 12 59 46.7810952336 +27 58 25.887811872 16.07 15.909 14.61 14.341 13.605 ~ 97 0
119 2MASS J12594779+2805520 AG? 12 59 47.79624 +28 05 52.0440     17.63 17.33   ~ 15 0
120 2MASX J12595013+2755292 GiC 12 59 50.1055153776 +27 55 29.458708536 17.63 17.563 16.05 16.01 15.402 ~ 44 0
121 2MASX J12595104+2749592 GiC 12 59 51.0010585920 +27 49 58.622962188 17.65 17.78 16.29 16.03 15.769 ~ 44 0
122 2MASX J12595178+2805542 GiC 12 59 51.7662967464 +28 05 54.694778604 18.15   16.63 16.27   ~ 23 0
123 2MASX J12595511+2807422 GiC 12 59 55.0983190896 +28 07 42.060679572 16.70 15 15.33     ~ 86 0
124 NGC 4883 GiG 12 59 56.0172515304 +28 02 04.976091780 15.76 15.2 14.27 13.872 13.165 ~ 110 0
125 2MASX J12595760+2803543 GiC 12 59 57.607 +28 03 54.32 17.97 17.914 16.59 16.27 15.891 ~ 40 0
126 NGC 4886 EmG 13 00 04.4494334064 +27 59 15.306472032 15.595 15.1 14.294 13.712 13.092 ~ 134 0
127 LEDA 44707 AG? 13 00 05.3994110544 +28 01 28.005793932 17.03 17.106 15.42 15.02 15.09 ~ 58 0
128 IC 4011 G 13 00 06.3940488048 +28 00 14.849196120 16.37 16.207 15.05 14.661 14.002 ~ 120 0
129 IC 4012 G 13 00 07.9959855216 +28 04 42.812545800 16.09 15.948 14.64 14.362 13.655 ~ 124 0
130 NGC 4889 EmG 13 00 08.097 +27 58 37.29 12.93 13.0 11.30 11.652 10.906 ~ 742 1
131 Z 160-243 AGN 13 00 09.1410758256 +27 51 59.343513912 16.418 16.39 15.51 15.34 14.835 ~ 133 0
132 2MASX J13001027+2751502 GiC 13 00 10.2369786504 +27 51 50.292433224 17.39 17.103 15.54 15.11 15.169 ~ 42 0
133 LEDA 126764 G 13 00 11.1464834832 +28 03 54.824309496 18.29 18.181 16.72 16.36 16.149 ~ 40 0
134 IC 4021 LIN 13 00 14.7492904032 +28 02 28.679693064 16.12 15.974 14.75 14.451 13.783 ~ 125 0
135 2MASX J13001702+2803502 GiC 13 00 17.0317499136 +28 03 50.085089820 16.89 16.855 15.52 15.321 14.643 ~ 70 0
136 SDSS J130018.34+280333.4 G 13 00 18.34102 +28 03 33.4390 18.58 18.559 17.34 17.11 16.9 ~ 17 0
137 LEDA 126759 AG? 13 00 18.8857734576 +28 00 33.525438120 18.56 18.301 17.36 16.831 16.22 ~ 31 0
138 CAIRNS J130019.76+275413.2 GiC 13 00 19.778 +27 54 13.37     18.80 18.61   ~ 8 0
139 2MASX J13002014+2750365 GiC 13 00 20.170 +27 50 36.62 18.14 18.139 16.41 16.05 16.129 ~ 34 0
140 LEDA 126758 EmG 13 00 21.6698381208 +27 53 54.785936292 18.39 18.205 16.81 16.57 16.171 ~ 36 0
141 IC 4026 EmG 13 00 22.1409893328 +28 02 49.238219148 15.99 15.5 14.63 14.202 13.553 ~ 104 0

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