2000ApJ...541L..63M

Most, if not all, stars are now believed to produce energetic outflows during their formation. Yet, almost 20 years after the discovery of bipolar outflows from young stars, the origins of this violent phenomenon are not well understood. One of the difficulties of probing the outflow process, particularly in the case of massive embedded stars, is a deficit of high spatial resolution observations. Here we present subarcsecond-resolution mid-infrared images of one massive young stellar object, AFGL 2591, and its immediate surroundings. Our images, at 11.7, 12.5, and 18.0 µm, reveal a knot of emission ~6" southwest of the star, which may be evidence for a recent ejection event or an embedded companion star. This knot is roughly coincident with a previously seen near-infrared reflection nebula and a radio source, and it lies within the known large-scale CO outflow. We also find a new faint northwest source that may be another embedded lower luminosity star. The IRAS mid-infrared spectrum of AFGL 2591 shows a large silicate absorption feature at 10 µm, implying that the primary source is surrounded by an optically thick dusty envelope. We discuss the interrelationship of these phenomena and suggest that mid-infrared imaging and spectroscopy provide powerful tools for probing massive star birth.