2000ApJ...542..978B

Two unusual Li-rich K giants, HDE 233517 and HD 9746, have been studied. Optical spectroscopy and photometry have been obtained to determine the fundamental parameters of HDE 233517, a single K2 III with an extremely large infrared excess. The spectra yield T_eff=4475 K, logg=2.25, [Fe/H]=-0.37, vsini=17.6 km.s^–1, and a non-LTE logε(⁷Li)=4.22. Photometric observations reveal low-amplitude light variability with a period of 47.9 days. Combined with other parameters, this results in a minimum radius of 16.7 R_☉ and minimum distance of 617 pc. Comparison of spectra obtained in 1994 and 1996 show profile variations in Hα and the Na D lines indicative of changing mass loss. Optical spectra of HD 9746, a chromospherically active giant, were analyzed. The T_eff=4400 K and revised Hipparcos-based gravity of logg=2.30 lead to a non-LTE logε(⁷Li)=3.75. The Li abundances in both stars are supermeteoritic. By the inclusion and exclusion of ⁶Li in the syntheses, we show that consistent ⁷Li abundances are obtained only when ⁶Li is absent in the synthetic fit. This provides evidence for fresh ⁷Li production and excludes both preservation of primordial Li and planetary accretion as viable scenarios for the formation of Li-rich giants. Both stars lie in close proximity to the red giant luminosity bump supporting the hypothesis that ⁷Li production is caused by the same mixing mechanism that later results in CN processing and lowers the ¹²C/¹³C ratio to nonstandard values.