2001MNRAS.327..918T

Query : 2001MNRAS.327..918T

2001MNRAS.327..918T - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 327, 918-938 (2001/November-1)

Using the Ca II triplet to trace abundance variations in individual red giant branch stars in three nearby galaxies.

TOLSTOY E., IRWIN M.J., COLE A.A., PASQUINI L., GILMOZZI R. and GALLAGHER J.S.

Abstract (from CDS):

Spectroscopic abundance determinations for stars spanning a Hubble time in age are necessary in order to determine unambiguously the evolutionary histories of galaxies. Using FORS1 in multi-object spectroscopy mode on ANTU (UT1) at the ESO VLT on Paranal, we have obtained near-infrared spectra from which we have measured the equivalent widths of the two strongest Caii triplet lines to determine metal abundances for a sample of red giant branch stars, selected from ESO NTT optical (I, V-I) photometry of three nearby Local Group galaxies: the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal, the Fornax dwarf spheroidal and the dwarf irregular NGC 6822. The summed equivalent width of the two strongest lines in the Caii triplet absorption-line feature, centred at 8500Å, can be readily converted into an [Fe/H] abundance using the previously established calibrations by Armandroff & Da Costa and Rutledge, Hesser & Stetson. We have measured metallicities for 37 stars in Sculptor, 32 stars in Fornax and 23 stars in NGC 6822, yielding more precise estimates of the metallicity distribution functions for these galaxies than it is possible to obtain photometrically. In the case of NGC 6822, this is the first direct measurement of the abundances of the intermediate-age and old stellar populations. We find metallicity spreads in each galaxy which are broadly consistent with the photometric width of the red giant branch, although the abundances of individual stars do not always appear to correspond to their colour. This is almost certainly predominantly due to a highly variable star formation rate with time in these galaxies, which results in a non-uniform, non-globular-cluster-like evolution of the Ca/Fe ratio.

Abstract Copyright: The Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: individual: Sculptor - galaxies: individual: Fornax - galaxies: individual: NGC 6822 - galaxies: kinematics and dynamics - Local Group - infrared: galaxies

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/MNRAS/327/918): table5.dat table6.dat table7.dat tablea1.dat tablea2.dat tablea3.dat>

Nomenclature: Tables 5, A1: [TIC2001] Sculptor aN-NNN N=44. Tables 6, A2: [TIC2001] Fornax aN-NNN N=33. Tables 7, A3: [TIC2001] NGC 6822 aN-NNN N=33. Tables 7, A3: [TIC2001] NGC 6822 aN-NNN, [TIC2001] NGC 6822 aNa-NNN, N=26.

Simbad objects: 123

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Number of rows : 123
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 Cl* NGC 104 HH 9006 * 00 23 23 -72 04.4   13.42 11.79     ~ 16 0
2 Cl* NGC 104 LEE 5406 * 00 23 23 -72 04.4   14.11 12.81     ~ 12 0
3 NGC 104 GlC 00 24 05.359 -72 04 53.20     4.09     ~ 4158 0
4 [MFW2011] 6055 Ev* 00 59 27.9580928712 -33 49 00.358490136     19.17   18.06 ~ 4 0
5 [TIC2001] Sculptor o2-28 * 00 59 29.0 -33 49 12     19.52     ~ 1 0
6 [V78] 477 V* 00 59 31.64 -33 47 45.8     19.89     ~ 2 0
7 [TIC2001] Sculptor o2-38 Ev* 00 59 32.6629267754 -33 46 18.306763656     19.63     ~ 2 0
8 [MFW2011] 5108 Ev* 00 59 33.6611548224 -33 44 32.986201200     19.12   17.9 ~ 4 0
9 [TIC2001] Sculptor o2-46 * 00 59 33.8564212392 -33 45 05.588333712     19.55   18.45 ~ 3 0
10 [TIC2001] Sculptor c1-43 * 00 59 59.70 -33 42 36.9     19.401   18.429 ~ 6 0
11 SCMS 652 V* 01 00 00.0641524944 -33 40 56.898234588     18.796   17.700 ~ 10 0
12 SCMS 659 Ev* 01 00 00.1211683784 -33 40 40.777012998   19.59 18.86     ~ 4 0
13 [TIC2001] Sculptor c1-55 * 01 00 01.1 -33 42 22     19.50     ~ 1 0
14 SCMS 578 Ev* 01 00 01.3471163272 -33 45 16.523484702   19.73 19.15     ~ 4 0
15 SCMS 891 * 01 00 02.94 -33 41 59.6   20.7 20.07     ~ 2 0
16 SCMS 570 * 01 00 02.9419257672 -33 44 59.184789180   19.92 18.913   17.785 ~ 8 0
17 SCMS 869 * 01 00 02.96 -33 44 06.4   20.88 20.22     ~ 2 0
18 SCMS 900 * 01 00 03.9354433632 -33 41 39.176018520   20.48 19.608   18.613 ~ 7 0
19 2MASS J01000404-3340009 Ev* 01 00 04.0445228064 -33 40 01.070268096   19.46 18.6   17.38 ~ 5 0
20 2MASS J01000463-3341120 * 01 00 04.6298701272 -33 41 12.021655956   18.7 17.58   16.19 ~ 10 0
21 SCMS 860 * 01 00 04.85 -33 44 41.2   20.6 19.90     ~ 2 0
22 2MASS J01000552-3340160 Ev* 01 00 05.4988203048 -33 40 16.483299816   19.71 18.82     ~ 4 0
23 SCMS 1046 * 01 00 06.7645829928 -33 43 05.220452784   20.3 19.298   18.275 ~ 8 0
24 2MASS J01000690-3343450 Ev* 01 00 06.8837902512 -33 43 44.817752172     18.780   17.724 ~ 10 0
25 NAME Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy G 01 00 09.4 -33 42 32   9.79 8.6 8.81   ~ 1498 4
26 [TIC2001] Sculptor c2-27 * 01 00 12.2646400704 -33 42 08.046161532     20.2   19.11 ~ 2 0
27 SCMS 1024 Ev* 01 00 13.4411762400 -33 43 20.812900404   19.94 19.222   18.282 ~ 9 0
28 SCMS 1026 * 01 00 13.49 -33 43 38.0   20.8 20.05     ~ 2 0
29 SCMS 1016 * 01 00 15.63 -33 42 36.7   20.73 19.87     ~ 2 0
30 SCMS 942 * 01 00 15.95 -33 40 14.4   20.86 20.12     ~ 2 0
31 SCMS 1079 V* 01 00 16.88 -33 41 46.2   21 20.14     ~ 2 0
32 2MASS J01001708-3345139 RG* 01 00 17.0896241160 -33 45 13.862952864   19.14 18.152   17.140 ~ 18 0
33 SCMS 987 * 01 00 17.92 -33 43 04.3   20.58 19.85     ~ 2 0
34 [WMO2009] Scl- 536 * 01 00 18.0053604888 -33 44 12.989062140   19.91 19.32   18.22 ~ 4 0
35 [WMO2009] Scl- 539 * 01 00 19.0240448784 -33 44 52.769018688   20.15 19.38   18.21 ~ 4 0
36 SCMS 949 Ev* 01 00 19.4676541006 -33 40 35.689336510   20.22 19.49     ~ 3 0
37 [TIC2001] Sculptor c2-86 * 01 00 19.8 -33 41 12     19.75     ~ 1 0
38 SCMS 736 Ev* 01 00 19.8063770124 -33 40 03.533662056   19.63 18.71     ~ 4 0
39 SCMS 808 Ev* 01 00 19.9349535480 -33 44 24.305707644   20.72 19.740   18.798 ~ 7 0
40 [MFW2011] 11022 Ev* 01 00 42.7757291034 -33 31 30.248374371     18.76     ~ 3 0
41 2MASS J01004324-3330371 Ev* 01 00 43.2422282376 -33 30 37.382319864     18.44     ~ 3 0
42 EV* SclG V0532 Ev* 01 00 43.8107657216 -33 29 08.228948750     19.19     ~ 4 0
43 [TIC2001] Sculptor o1-11 Ev* 01 00 46.5915010016 -33 30 47.813877957     19.79     ~ 2 0
44 DES J010047.99-333038.5 RR* 01 00 47.9930968536 -33 30 38.588565060   20.586 20.188   19.625 ~ 7 0
45 [TIC2001] Sculptor o1-15 * 01 00 49.1 -33 29 45     20.09     ~ 1 0
46 2MASS J01005040-3329093 Ev* 01 00 50.4195067488 -33 29 08.931873948     18.40     ~ 3 0
47 [TIC2001] Sculptor o1-22 * 01 00 50.8 -33 27 52     19.71     ~ 1 0
48 2MASS J01005795-3327536 * 01 00 57.9489254736 -33 27 53.843254704     20.23     ~ 1 0
49 [TIC2001] Fornax c1-122 * 02 39 47.5 -34 26 30     21.06     ~ 1 0
50 [TIC2001] Fornax c1-125 * 02 39 47.6 -34 26 10     20.76     ~ 1 0
51 [TIC2001] Fornax c1-200 * 02 39 48.8096347116 -34 24 56.894899721     19.85     ~ 2 0
52 [TIC2001] Fornax c1-214 * 02 39 49.0 -34 25 50     19.54     ~ 1 0
53 [TIC2001] Fornax c1-350 * 02 39 50.8 -34 29 28     20.73     ~ 1 0
54 [TIC2001] Fornax c1-344 * 02 39 50.9 -34 24 30           ~ 1 0
55 [TIC2001] Fornax c1-365 * 02 39 51.1 -34 26 49     20.59     ~ 1 0
56 [TIC2001] Fornax c1-360 * 02 39 51.1130123808 -34 25 17.238086832   20.889 19.73 19.142 18.61 ~ 5 0
57 [TIC2001] Fornax c1-371 * 02 39 51.2 -34 28 44     19.99     ~ 1 0
58 [MOW91] 16 RG* 02 39 51.2172969288 -34 29 58.867178388   20.20 18.57   16.74 ~ 12 0
59 [TIC2001] Fornax c1-433 * 02 39 52.2 -34 27 19     20.98     ~ 1 0
60 [TIC2001] Fornax c1-444 * 02 39 52.3 -34 29 06     20.34     ~ 1 0
61 [TIC2001] Fornax c1-564 * 02 39 53.9248412232 -34 27 38.095793244   21.374 20.35 19.812   ~ 3 0
62 [TIC2001] Fornax c1-601 * 02 39 54.4 -34 28 27     19.83     ~ 1 0
63 [TIC2001] Fornax c1-628 * 02 39 54.8 -34 28 01     20.30     ~ 1 0
64 MCG-06-07-001 G 02 39 59.3 -34 26 57   9.02 7.4     ~ 1894 1
65 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-41 * 02 40 00.2 -34 24 29     20.06     ~ 1 0
66 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-249 * 02 40 03.1 -34 25 46     20.56     ~ 1 0
67 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-294 * 02 40 03.7 -34 26 33     20.87     ~ 1 0
68 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-384 * 02 40 05.0 -34 26 51     20.82     ~ 1 0
69 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-388 * 02 40 05.1 -34 26 53     20.30     ~ 1 0
70 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-413 * 02 40 05.4500665692 -34 25 20.772100956     19.58     ~ 2 0
71 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-511 * 02 40 06.7 -34 27 39     19.36     ~ 1 0
72 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-552 * 02 40 07.2563133312 -34 26 05.816442588   20.351 19.43 18.949   ~ 3 0
73 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-613 * 02 40 07.9 -34 28 25     19.98     ~ 1 0
74 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-623 * 02 40 08.1 -34 27 13     20.04     ~ 1 0
75 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-621 * 02 40 08.2 -34 24 30     20.06     ~ 1 0
76 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-647 * 02 40 08.5 -34 24 53     19.89     ~ 1 0
77 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-702 * 02 40 09.0 -34 28 41     19.43     ~ 1 0
78 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-777 * 02 40 10.0 -34 29 24     20.06     ~ 1 0
79 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-769 * 02 40 10.0 -34 27 56     19.40     ~ 1 0
80 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-822 * 02 40 10.8 -34 29 45     20.63     ~ 1 0
81 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-828 RG* 02 40 10.9151637332 -34 28 56.985090201     19.10     ~ 2 0
82 [TIC2001] Fornax c2-838 * 02 40 11.0 -34 29 03           ~ 1 0
83 Cl Ruprecht 106 GlC 12 38 40.20 -51 09 01.0           ~ 413 0
84 NGC 6397 GlC 17 40 42.09 -53 40 27.6     5.17     ~ 2103 0
85 NGC 6752 GlC 19 10 52.11 -59 59 04.4           ~ 2121 0
86 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s1-43 * 19 44 44.5 -14 42 58     22.30     ~ 1 0
87 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s1-59 * 19 44 44.8 -14 44 18     21.46     ~ 1 0
88 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s1-111 * 19 44 46.7 -14 41 21     21.63     ~ 1 0
89 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s1-153 * 19 44 47.1 -14 43 17     21.93     ~ 1 0
90 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s1-309 * 19 44 47.5 -14 47 00     22.37     ~ 1 0
91 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s1-186 * 19 44 47.7 -14 46 41     22.04     ~ 1 0
92 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s1-188 * 19 44 47.7 -14 43 39     21.94     ~ 1 0
93 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s1-200 * 19 44 47.9 -14 44 43     21.84     ~ 1 0
94 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s1-205 * 19 44 48.1 -14 42 14     21.90     ~ 1 0
95 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s1-204 * 19 44 48.1 -14 42 02     22.05     ~ 1 0
96 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s1-212 * 19 44 48.2 -14 45 09     21.91     ~ 1 0
97 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s1-210 * 19 44 48.2 -14 45 06     21.62     ~ 1 0
98 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s1b-280 * 19 44 49.7 -14 44 49     21.96     ~ 1 0
99 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s1-378 * 19 44 52.0 -14 41 43     21.97     ~ 1 0
100 NGC 6822 G 19 44 56.199 -14 47 51.29   18 8.1     ~ 1661 0
101 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s2-117 * 19 45 00.2 -14 42 07     21.28     ~ 1 0
102 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s2-142 * 19 45 00.8 -14 43 12     21.63     ~ 1 0
103 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s2-199 * 19 45 02.1 -14 41 51     22.19     ~ 1 0
104 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s2-198 * 19 45 02.1 -14 41 39     21.69     ~ 1 0
105 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s2-208 * 19 45 02.3 -14 45 55     22.01     ~ 1 0
106 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s2-246 * 19 45 03.4 -14 45 31     21.70     ~ 1 0
107 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s2-250 * 19 45 03.5 -14 44 02     21.39     ~ 1 0
108 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s2-248 * 19 45 03.5 -14 43 00     21.80     ~ 1 0
109 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s2-271 * 19 45 04.0 -14 43 45     21.93     ~ 1 0
110 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s2-352 * 19 45 05.7 -14 44 51     21.92     ~ 1 0
111 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s2-354 * 19 45 05.7 -14 44 45     21.84     ~ 1 0
112 [TIC2001] NGC 6822 s2-263 * 19 45 09.8 -14 45 10     21.52     ~ 1 0
113 NGC 7078 1046 * 21 29 55.867 +12 09 32.25     16.37     ~ 4 0
114 NGC 7078 1070 * 21 29 56.850 +12 10 42.06     15.39     ~ 7 0
115 M 15 GlC 21 29 58.33 +12 10 01.2           ~ 3274 0
116 NGC 7078 947 RG* 21 30 05.1734951160 +12 13 20.296681716   15.26 14.29     ~ 24 0
117 NGC 7078 1029 RG* 21 30 09.7110180216 +12 13 42.375311436   14.74 13.56     ~ 19 0
118 NGC 7078 1033 RG* 21 30 09.8846232528 +12 10 52.426705836   15.41 14.44     ~ 24 0
119 NGC 7078 1069 RG* 21 30 14.2622847840 +12 09 23.444658720   15.42 14.60     ~ 24 0
120 NGC 7078 1073 RG* 21 30 14.9484664368 +12 10 20.740349928   15.19 14.18     ~ 25 0
121 NGC 7078 1079 RG* 21 30 15.6564387408 +12 08 22.999502976   15.126 14.089     ~ 47 0
122 Cl Pal 12 GlC 21 46 38.84 -21 15 09.4     11.89     ~ 548 0
123 Cl* Palomar 12 HC 3328 * ~ ~   17.91 17.17     ~ 1 0

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