2003A&A...409...79F

Query : 2003A&A...409...79F

2003A&A...409...79F - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 40979-90 (2003/10-1)

The HELLAS2XMM survey. IV. Optical identifications and the evolution of the accretion luminosity in the Universe.

FIORE F., BRUSA M., COCCHIA F., BALDI A., CARANGELO N., CILIEGI P., COMASTRI A., LA FRANCA F., MAIOLINO R., MATT G., MOLENDI S., MIGNOLI M., PEROLA G.C., SEVERGNINI P. and VIGNALI C.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present results from the photometric and spectroscopic identification of 122 X-ray sources recently discovered by XMM-Newton in the 2-10keV band (the HELLAS2XMM 1dF sample). Their flux cover the range 8x10–15-4x10–13erg/cm2/s1 and the total area surveyed is 0.9 square degrees. One of the most interesting results (which is found also in deeper sourveys) is that about 20% of the hard X-ray selected sources have an X-ray to optical flux ratio (X/O) ten times or more higher than that of optically selected AGN. Unlike the faint sources found in the ultra-deep Chandra and XMM-Newton surveys, which reach X-ray (and optical) fluxes more than one order of magnitude lower than the HELLAS2XMM survey sources, many of the extreme X/O sources in our sample have R≲25 and are therefore accessible to optical spectroscopy. We report the identification of 13 sources with X/O>10 (to be compared with 9 sources known from the deeper, pencil-beam surveys). Eight of them are narrow line QSO (seemingly the extension to very high luminosity of the type 2 Seyfert galaxies), four are broad line QSO. The results from our survey are also used to make reliable predictions about the luminosity of the sources not yet spectroscopically identified, both in our sample and in deeper Chandra and XMM-Newton samples. We then use a combined sample of 317 hard X-ray selected sources (HELLAS2XMM 1dF, Chandra Deep Field North 1Msec, Chandra SSA13 and XMM-Newton Lockman Hole flux limited samples), 221 with measured redshifts, to evaluate the cosmological evolution of the hard X-ray source's number and luminosity densities. Looking backward in time, the low luminosity sources (logL2–10keV=43-44erg/s) increase in number at a much slower rate than the very high luminosity sources (logL2–10keV>44.5erg/s), reaching a maximum around z=1 and then levelling off beyond z=2. This translates into an accretion driven luminosity density which is dominated by sources with logL2–10keV<44.5erg/s up to at least z=1, while the contribution of the same sources and of those with logL2–10keV>44.5erg/s appear, with yet rather large uncertainties, to be comparable between z=2 and 4.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): X-ray: diffuse background - X-ray: galaxies - quasars: general - surveys

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/409/79): table1.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 1: HELLAS2XMM FFFFNNNN, HELLAS2XMM FFFFNNNNa = HELLAS2XMM JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS, N=122.

Simbad objects: 131

goto Full paper

goto View the references in ADS

Number of rows : 131
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 2XMM J000002.7-251136 Sy1 00 00 02.7070 -25 11 36.994   21.79 21.00 21   ~ 6 0
2 HELLAS2XMM J000013.7-252011 EmG 00 00 13.6 -25 20 13       23   ~ 2 0
3 ACO 2690 ClG 00 00 13.75 -25 11 11.5           ~ 29 0
4 HELLAS2XMM J000021.2-250813 Sy1 00 00 21.1827985496 -25 08 12.585200329   20.51 20.90 20.9   ~ 5 0
5 2XMM J000022.8-251222 Sy1 00 00 22.9 -25 12 22   21.05 19.70 19.7   ~ 5 0
6 HELLAS2XMM J000026.0-250648 Sy1 00 00 26.05708560 -25 06 49.8364200   21.41 20.30 20.3   ~ 6 0
7 HELLAS2XMM J000027.7-250441 Sy1 00 00 27.6852498859 -25 04 42.641217033       19.1   ~ 13 0
8 2dFGRS TGS134Z132 G 00 00 29.8114568568 -25 12 17.059660560   19.031   17.273   ~ 6 0
9 UCAC4 326-000009 * 00 00 31.9151212704 -24 54 56.418588792   17.43 16.44 17.7   ~ 16 2
10 2XMM J000034.6-250620 Sy1 00 00 34.6342368144 -25 06 21.171098304   22.07 20.30 20.3   ~ 6 0
11 2XMM J000036.6-250104 Sy2 00 00 36.6 -25 01 06     21.20 21.2   ~ 6 0
12 HELLAS2XMM J000044.3-250738 X 00 00 44.3 -25 07 38       21.6   ~ 2 0
13 GLEAM J000059-250501 Sy1 00 01 00.10 -25 05 03.6   21.8   21.86   ~ 13 1
14 2XMM J000102.4-245849 Sy1 00 01 02.4 -24 58 49   22.94   20.3   ~ 14 0
15 2XMM J000106.7-250847 Sy1 00 01 06.8 -25 08 47   23.54 21.00 21   ~ 7 0
16 NAME ACO 2690 29 Sy1 00 01 11.6 -25 12 03       25.1   ~ 9 0
17 2XMM J000122.6-250020 Sy1 00 01 22.6724857656 -25 00 18.850281588   19.76 18.70 18.7   ~ 11 1
18 [VV2006] J003315.7-120659 Sy1 00 33 15.6300215544 -12 06 59.017246704     19.90 19.9   ~ 10 0
19 [VV2006] J003320.6-120538 Sy1 00 33 20.6 -12 05 38     20.30 20.3   ~ 4 0
20 [VV2006] J003324.1-120649 Sy1 00 33 24.1 -12 06 49     20.20 20.2   ~ 4 0
21 HELLAS2XMM J003339.6-120826 EmG 00 33 39.6 -12 08 28       22.3   ~ 2 0
22 HELLAS2XMM J003342.5-120134 EmG 00 33 42.7 -12 01 37       22.8   ~ 2 0
23 [VV2006] J003347.5-120326 Sy1 00 33 47.5 -12 03 26     21.00 21   ~ 4 0
24 EGGR 382 PM* 00 33 54.4629362352 -12 07 58.775300904 15.511 15.572 14.891 14.467 14.051 DC? 103 0
25 [VV2006] J003357.2-120038 Sy2 00 33 57.2 -12 00 38     21.80 21.8   ~ 8 0
26 HELLAS2XMM J003410.0-121126 EmG 00 34 09.9 -12 11 32       21   ~ 2 0
27 HELLAS2XMM 15800062 Sy2 00 34 13.8 -11 56 00     23.30 23.3   ~ 6 0
28 [VV2006] J003415.5-120845 Sy1 00 34 15.5 -12 08 45     20.70 20.7   ~ 4 0
29 HELLAS2XMM 15800012 Sy2 00 34 18.5 -12 08 09     18.80 18.8   ~ 5 0
30 [VV2006] J003419.0-115939 Sy1 00 34 19.0165250574 -11 59 38.750929372     20.20 20.2   ~ 11 0
31 HELLAS2XMM 03120034 Sy2 03 09 12.1 -76 58 26       19.1   ~ 9 0
32 HELLAS2XMM J030918.5-765759 EmG 03 09 18.46 -76 57 59.3       23.9   ~ 2 0
33 [VV2006] J030932.1-764846 Sy1 03 09 32.1 -76 48 46     21.80 21.8   ~ 6 0
34 HELLAS2XMM 03120014 EmG 03 09 51.16 -76 58 24.7       18.4   ~ 5 0
35 HELLAS2XMM J030952.2-764927 G 03 09 52.16 -76 49 27.4       20   ~ 4 0
36 HELLAS2XMM 03120124 X 03 10 01.60 -76 51 06.7       22.5   ~ 4 0
37 [VV2006] J031015.9-765131 QSO 03 10 15.7112501304 -76 51 33.069171456     19.20 17.6   ~ 17 0
38 HELLAS2XMM J031019.0-765958 X 03 10 18.96 -76 59 57.9       24.4   ~ 6 0
39 HELLAS2XMM 03120028 EmG 03 10 37.36 -76 47 12.7       20.8   ~ 5 0
40 [VV2006] J031049.7-765316 QSO 03 10 49.7 -76 53 16     22.30 22.3   ~ 6 0
41 HELLAS2XMM J031050.0-763904 Sy1 03 10 50.2 -76 39 04       18.6   ~ 9 0
42 HELLAS2XMM 03120009 Sy1 03 11 05.3 -76 51 58       23.2   ~ 8 0
43 HELLAS2XMM 03120011 Sy1 03 11 13.3 -76 47 02       21.5   ~ 7 0
44 HELLAS2XMM 03120029 X 03 11 13.36 -76 54 31.1       18.8   ~ 4 0
45 HELLAS2XMM 03120031 X 03 11 13.86 -76 53 59.1       23.6   ~ 5 0
46 2MASS J03112533-7701345 BLL 03 11 25.3282043352 -77 01 34.335586668     17.70 17.7   ~ 12 0
47 HELLAS2XMM 03120066 Sy1 03 11 29.2 -76 45 15       23.1   ~ 6 0
48 HELLAS2XMM 03120035 Sy1 03 11 31.8 -77 00 32       22.0   ~ 6 0
49 HELLAS2XMM J031136.0-765556 EmG 03 11 35.96 -76 55 55.8       23.2   ~ 4 0
50 HELLAS2XMM J031145.0-765645 EmG 03 11 44.4 -76 56 46       23.6   ~ 2 0
51 QSO J0311-7651 BLL 03 11 55.2496997640 -76 51 50.848335324 15.27 16.09 16.10 15.33   ~ 231 1
52 HELLAS2XMM 03120016 Sy2 03 12 00.4 -77 00 26       22.2   ~ 5 0
53 [VV2006] J031209.2-765213 QSO 03 12 08.9563692984 -76 52 13.343579796     18.70 18.2   ~ 10 0
54 2MASX J03123142-7643242 G 03 12 31.426 -76 43 24.20       13.7   ~ 14 0
55 2MASS J03123866-7651335 AGN 03 12 38.7229128480 -76 51 33.137144424       18   ~ 19 0
56 HELLAS2XMM J031252.2-770059 X 03 12 52.16 -77 00 59.5       24   ~ 3 0
57 CXOU J031253.8-765415 Sy2 03 12 53.8 -76 54 15       22   ~ 10 0
58 HELLAS2XMM J031258.0-765120 Sy1 03 12 57.9 -76 51 20       23.5   ~ 6 0
59 [VV2006] J031312.1-765432 QSO 03 13 11.8952172096 -76 54 30.394993320     19.10 19.1   ~ 10 0
60 HELLAS2XMM 03120003 Sy1 03 13 14.5 -76 55 57       18.3   ~ 9 0
61 [VV2006] J031334.5-764830 QSO 03 13 34.5932125200 -76 48 29.500970760     19.70 19.7   ~ 7 0
62 HELLAS2XMM J031343.5-765426 X 03 13 43.55 -76 54 26.3       24.6   ~ 6 0
63 [VV2006] J031349.3-764600 Sy1 03 13 49.3 -76 46 00     21.60 21.6   ~ 6 0
64 HELLAS2XMM 03120010 Sy1 03 14 16.5 -76 45 36       19.6   ~ 7 0
65 HELLAS2XMM 03120020 EmG 03 14 16.76 -76 55 59.5       21.5   ~ 4 0
66 HELLAS2XMM 03120012 Sy1 03 15 28.8 -76 53 40       21   ~ 6 0
67 NAME Chandra Deep Field-South reg 03 32 28.0 -27 48 30           ~ 2282 1
68 HELLAS2XMM 05370020 Sy1 05 38 50.9 -28 37 58     20.70 20.7   ~ 5 0
69 HELLAS2XMM 05370123 Sy1 05 38 51.5 -28 39 49     23.10 23.1   ~ 7 0
70 HELLAS2XMM 05370005 Sy1 05 39 05.5 -28 33 16     21.10 21.1   ~ 4 0
71 HELLAS2XMM 05370016 Sy2 05 39 09.4 -28 41 45     21.70 21.7   ~ 6 0
72 HELLAS2XMM 05370009 Sy1 05 39 10.8 -28 35 26     20.80 20.8   ~ 5 0
73 HELLAS2XMM J053911.5-283717 X 05 39 11.5 -28 37 18       24.5   ~ 5 0
74 HELLAS2XMM 05370164 Sy2 05 39 17.1 -28 38 17     23.60 23.6   ~ 5 0
75 [VV2006] J053920.1-283638 Sy1 05 39 20.1113859240 -28 36 37.501639992     21.00 21   ~ 5 0
76 HELLAS2XMM J053920.5-283722 Sy2 05 39 20.5 -28 37 21     23.40 23.4   ~ 6 0
77 HELLAS2XMM J053921.6-283804 X 05 39 21.6 -28 38 04       21.7   ~ 2 0
78 QSO B0537-2843 QSO 05 39 23.4962542440 -28 42 22.888252440     17.0 16.6   ~ 12 0
79 HELLAS2XMM J053925.3-283237 X 05 39 25.3 -28 32 37       22.4   ~ 2 0
80 HELLAS2XMM J053925.8-284456 G 05 39 25.8 -28 44 56       21   ~ 3 0
81 HELLAS2XMM 05370003 Sy1 05 39 29.4 -28 49 00     18.10 18.1   ~ 5 0
82 HELLAS2XMM J053933.6-283519 X 05 39 33.6 -28 35 19       23.9   ~ 2 0
83 HELLAS2XMM J053934.8-284116 * 05 39 34.8 -28 41 16       16   ~ 2 0
84 HELLAS2XMM 05370078 Sy1 05 39 38.7 -28 48 08     22.00 22.0   ~ 4 0
85 [VV2006] J053939.2-285251 Sy1 05 39 39.2 -28 52 51     20.60 20.6   ~ 4 0
86 [VV2006] J053939.8-283142 Sy1 05 39 39.8 -28 31 42     20.40 20.4   ~ 4 0
87 [VV2006] J053943.1-282719 Sy1 05 39 43.1 -28 27 19     19.60 19.6   ~ 5 0
88 HELLAS2XMM J053945.3-284910 X 05 39 45.3 -28 49 11       25.0   ~ 5 0
89 [VV2006] J053950.0-283832 Sy1 05 39 49.9724344008 -28 38 32.089767396     18.00 18.0   ~ 5 0
90 [VV2006] J053950.4-283345 Sy1 05 39 50.4 -28 33 45     21.50 21.5   ~ 4 0
91 HELLAS2XMM J053951.9-283345 X 05 39 51.9 -28 33 45       23.7   ~ 2 0
92 HELLAS2XMM J053952.7-284709 X 05 39 52.7 -28 47 09       22.5   ~ 2 0
93 QSO B0537-286 Bla 05 39 54.28147904 -28 39 55.9481236   19.70 20.0 18.789   ~ 314 1
94 HELLAS2XMM J053956.1-284622 X 05 39 56.1 -28 46 22       24.6   ~ 2 0
95 HELLAS2XMM J053957.0-285028 Sy1 05 39 56.7 -28 50 27     20.70 20.7   ~ 4 0
96 HELLAS2XMM 05370013 Sy1 05 39 57.0 -28 51 08     22.00 22   ~ 4 0
97 [VV2006] J053957.2-284914 Sy1 05 39 57.2 -28 49 14     21.60 21.6   ~ 4 0
98 HELLAS2XMM J053958.6-284126 X 05 39 58.6 -28 41 26       24.5   ~ 2 0
99 HELLAS2XMM J053958.7-283707 Sy1 05 39 58.7 -28 37 08     22.80 22.8   ~ 4 0
100 HELLAS2XMM J053958.8-284919 X 05 39 58.8 -28 49 19       21.5   ~ 2 0
101 HELLAS2XMM J053959.0-283753 Sy1 05 39 59.0 -28 37 53     20.60 20.6   ~ 5 0
102 [VV2006] J054000.8-283456 Sy1 05 40 00.8 -28 34 56     20.50 20.5   ~ 4 0
103 HELLAS2XMM J054002.7-283729 X 05 40 02.7 -28 37 29       24   ~ 1 0
104 HELLAS2XMM J054004.4-283814 X 05 40 04.4 -28 38 14       24   ~ 2 0
105 [VV2006] J054010.5-284053 Sy1 05 40 10.5 -28 40 53     20.30 20.3   ~ 4 0
106 HELLAS2XMM J054013.0-284402 X 05 40 13.0 -28 44 02       21.6   ~ 2 0
107 HELLAS2XMM J054021.2-285038 X 05 40 21.2 -28 50 38       23.7   ~ 5 0
108 HELLAS2XMM 05370043 Sy2 05 40 22.1 -28 31 40     22.70 22.7   ~ 8 0
109 HELLAS2XMM 05370135 Sy2 05 40 24.6 -28 46 16     21.30 21.3   ~ 5 0
110 HELLAS2XMM J054026.1-285039 EmG 05 40 26.3 -28 50 42       23.5   ~ 2 0
111 HELLAS2XMM 05370008 Sy2 05 40 34.2 -28 31 08       19   ~ 4 0
112 [VV2006] J054045.7-283908 Sy1 05 40 45.7277236968 -28 39 07.830030096     19.80 19.8   ~ 7 0
113 HELLAS2XMM J054051.3-283642 X 05 40 51.3 -28 36 42       23.0   ~ 2 0
114 [VV2006] J054054.0-284347 Sy1 05 40 54.0 -28 43 47     19.90 19.9   ~ 4 0
115 HELLAS2XMM J054100.4-283905 X 05 41 00.4 -28 39 05       21.5   ~ 3 0
116 NAME Lockman Hole reg 10 45 00.0 +58 00 00           ~ 910 0
117 NAME Chandra Deep Field-North reg 12 36.8 +62 13           ~ 686 0
118 SSA 13 reg 13 12 16.5 +42 44 39           ~ 110 0
119 HELLAS2XMM 50900039 Sy1 20 43 22.5 -10 40 31     22.40 22.4   ~ 4 0
120 HELLAS2XMM 50900031 Sy1 20 43 49.1 -10 37 43     20.60 20.6   ~ 5 0
121 HELLAS2XMM 50900013 Sy2 20 43 49.5 -10 32 40     23.20 23.2   ~ 7 0
122 HELLAS2XMM 50900067 Sy1 20 44 07.2 -10 56 12     22.30 22.3   ~ 4 0
123 Mrk 509 Sy1 20 44 09.7504483224 -10 43 24.727155528   13.35 13.12 10.7   ~ 1370 0
124 2XMM J204419.5-105619 Sy1 20 44 19.5 -10 56 19     20.20 20.2   ~ 5 0
125 HELLAS2XMM J204420.5-104904 G 20 44 20.5 -10 49 04       20.4   ~ 3 0
126 HELLAS2XMM 50900001 Sy2 20 44 28.4 -10 56 33     23.90 23.9   ~ 6 0
127 HELLAS2XMM 50900036 Sy2 20 44 46.7 -10 38 43     20.20 20.2   ~ 5 0
128 2XMM J235933.3-250757 Sy1 23 59 33.3 -25 07 57   21.61 21.80 21.8   ~ 6 0
129 2XMM J235939.8-250056 Sy1 23 59 39.7942230840 -25 00 56.762544420   21.58 19.60 19.6   ~ 6 0
130 NAME ACO 2690 75 Sy2 23 59 56.6 -25 10 20       24.6   ~ 10 0
131 2XMM J235957.1-250542 EmG 23 59 57.19 -25 05 43.8   22.15   21   ~ 2 0

To bookmark this query, right click on this link: simbad:objects in 2003A&A...409...79F and select 'bookmark this link' or equivalent in the popup menu