2003ApJ...591..138S

Query : 2003ApJ...591..138S

2003ApJ...591..138S - Astrophys. J., 591, 138-153 (2003/July-1)

A Chandra X-ray study of NGC 1068. II. The luminous X-ray source population.

SMITH D.A. and WILSON A.S.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present an analysis of the compact X-ray source population in the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 1068, imaged with a ∼50 ks Chandra observation. We find a total of 84 compact sources on the S3 chip, of which 66 are located within the 25.0 B-mag arcsec–2 isophote of the galactic disk of NGC 1068. Spectra have been obtained for the 21 sources with at least 50 counts and modeled with both multicolor disk blackbody and power-law models. The power-law model provides the better description of the spectrum for 18 of these sources. For fainter sources, the spectral index has been estimated from the hardness ratio. Five sources have 0.4-8 keV intrinsic luminosities greater than 1039 ergs/s, assuming that their emission is isotropic and that they are associated with NGC 1068. We refer to these sources as intermediate-luminosity X-ray objects (IXOs). If these five sources are X-ray binaries accreting with luminosities that are both sub-Eddington and isotropic, then the implied source masses are ≳7 M☉, and so they are inferred to be black holes. Most of the spectrally modeled sources have spectral shapes similar to Galactic black hole candidates. However, the brightest compact source in NGC 1068 has a spectrum that is much harder than that found in Galactic black hole candidates and other IXOs. The brightest source also shows large amplitude variability on both short-term and long-term timescales, with the count rate possibly decreasing by a factor of 2 in ∼2 ks during our Chandra observation, and the source flux decreasing by a factor of 5 between our observation and the grating observations taken just over 9 months later. The ratio of the number of sources with luminosities greater than 2.1x1038 ergs/s in the 0.4-8 keV band to the rate of massive (>5 M☉) star formation is the same, to within a factor of 2, for NGC 1068, the Antennae, NGC 5194 (the main galaxy in M51), and the Circinus galaxy. This suggests that the rate of production of X-ray binaries per massive star is approximately the same for galaxies with currently active star formation, including ``starbursts.''

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): Accretion, Accretion Disks - Galaxies: Individual: NGC Number: NGC 1068 - Galaxies: Seyfert - Galaxies: Starburst - X-Rays: Binaries

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/591/138): table1.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 1: [SW2003b] JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS N=84.

Simbad objects: 108

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Number of rows : 108
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 SK 160 HXB 01 17 05.1457288392 -73 26 36.014808156 12.23 13.00 13.15   13.17 O9.7Ia+ 918 0
2 2E 437 Sy1 01 36 24.4208152464 +20 57 27.522990972   18.15 18.10     ~ 367 2
3 [SW2003b] J024224.5+000008 ULX 02 42 24.51 +00 00 08.1           ~ 2 0
4 2MASS J02422754-0000469 * 02 42 27.5493681216 -00 00 46.909097676           ~ 1 0
5 [SW2003b] J024227.7-000202 X 02 42 27.67 -00 02 02.0           ~ 1 0
6 [SW2003b] J024228.2+000402 X 02 42 28.17 +00 04 02.4           ~ 1 0
7 [SW2003b] J024228.5-000202 X 02 42 28.50 -00 02 02.2           ~ 1 0
8 [SW2003b] J024230.7-000030 X 02 42 30.65 -00 00 29.8           ~ 1 0
9 [SW2003b] J024232.8+000226 X 02 42 32.79 +00 02 26.1           ~ 1 0
10 [SW2003b] J024233.2-000105 X 02 42 33.23 -00 01 04.9           ~ 1 0
11 [SW2003b] J024233.9-000057 X 02 42 33.85 -00 00 56.8           ~ 1 0
12 [SW2003b] J024234.1-000305 X 02 42 34.06 -00 03 04.7           ~ 1 0
13 [SW2003b] J024236.6+000013 X 02 42 36.64 +00 00 13.2           ~ 1 0
14 [SW2003b] J024236.7-000028 X 02 42 36.71 -00 00 28.3           ~ 1 0
15 [SW2003b] J024236.7-000109 X 02 42 36.73 -00 01 09.2           ~ 1 0
16 CXOU J024237.0+000445 X 02 42 36.98 +00 04 45.3           ~ 1 0
17 [SW2003b] J024237.1-000019 X 02 42 37.10 -00 00 18.7           ~ 1 0
18 [SW2003b] J024237.7-000030 X 02 42 37.68 -00 00 29.6           ~ 1 0
19 [SW2003b] J024237.8-000143 X 02 42 37.84 -00 01 43.4           ~ 1 0
20 [LB2005] NGC 1068 X2 UX? 02 42 37.94 -00 01 17.9           ~ 4 0
21 [SST2011] J024238.89-000055.1 UX? 02 42 38.89 -00 00 55.2           ~ 11 1
22 2MASS J02423896-0000516 X 02 42 38.96 -00 00 51.6           ~ 1 0
23 CXOU J024239.0-000124 X 02 42 39.01 -00 01 23.8           ~ 1 0
24 CXOU J024239.0-000057 X 02 42 39.05 -00 00 56.6           ~ 1 0
25 [SW2003b] J024239.3-000115 X 02 42 39.25 -00 01 14.9           ~ 1 0
26 [SW2003b] J024239.4-000133 X 02 42 39.44 -00 01 33.4           ~ 1 0
27 [SW2003b] J024239.4-000035 X 02 42 39.44 -00 00 35.2           ~ 1 0
28 [SW2003b] J024239.5-000104 X 02 42 39.48 -00 01 03.6           ~ 1 0
29 [SW2003b] J024239.5-000028 X 02 42 39.54 -00 00 28.2           ~ 1 0
30 [SW2003b] J024239.7-000049 X 02 42 39.68 -00 00 48.9           ~ 1 0
31 [SST2011] J024239.71-000101.4 UX? 02 42 39.71 -00 01 01.3           ~ 7 1
32 [SW2003b] J024239.8-000039 X 02 42 39.80 -00 00 39.4           ~ 1 0
33 [SW2003b] J024239.8-000107 X 02 42 39.82 -00 01 07.1           ~ 1 0
34 [SW2003b] J024240.2-000054 X 02 42 40.16 -00 00 53.6           ~ 1 0
35 [SW2003b] J024240.4-000038 X 02 42 40.37 -00 00 38.4           ~ 1 0
36 [SW2003b] J024240.4-000105 X 02 42 40.38 -00 01 05.3           ~ 1 0
37 [SST2011] J024240.43-000052.6 UX? 02 42 40.43 -00 00 52.6           ~ 5 0
38 [SW2003b] J024240.5-000037 X 02 42 40.51 -00 00 36.7           ~ 1 0
39 [SW2003b] J024240.5+000246 X 02 42 40.54 +00 02 46.2           ~ 1 0
40 [SW2003b] J024240.7-000132 X 02 42 40.68 -00 01 31.8           ~ 1 0
41 [SW2003b] J024240.7-000055 X 02 42 40.69 -00 00 54.9           ~ 1 0
42 [SW2003b] J024240.7-000100 X 02 42 40.70 -00 00 59.9           ~ 1 0
43 M 77 Sy2 02 42 40.7091669408 -00 00 47.859690204 9.70 9.61 8.87 10.1 9.9 ~ 4897 2
44 [SW2003b] J024240.9-000144 X 02 42 40.86 -00 01 43.6           ~ 1 0
45 [SW2003b] J024240.9-000027 X 02 42 40.93 -00 00 27.2           ~ 1 0
46 CXOU J024241.0-000125 X 02 42 40.96 -00 01 25.5           ~ 2 0
47 CXOU J024241.0-000051 X 02 42 40.97 -00 00 51.0           ~ 1 0
48 CXOU J024241.0-000038 X 02 42 40.98 -00 00 38.0           ~ 1 0
49 [SW2003b] J024241.1-000039 X 02 42 41.14 -00 00 39.4           ~ 1 0
50 [SW2003b] J024241.2-000040 X 02 42 41.19 -00 00 39.8           ~ 1 0
51 [SW2003b] J024241.4-000057 X 02 42 41.37 -00 00 57.1           ~ 1 0
52 [SW2003b] J024241.4-000215 X 02 42 41.38 -00 02 15.2           ~ 1 0
53 [SW2003b] J024241.5-000253 X 02 42 41.47 -00 02 53.2           ~ 1 0
54 [SW2003b] J024241.6-000123 X 02 42 41.58 -00 01 22.6           ~ 1 0
55 [SW2003b] J024241.6-000110 X 02 42 41.61 -00 01 09.6           ~ 1 0
56 [SW2003b] J024241.7+000002 X 02 42 41.68 +00 00 01.7           ~ 1 0
57 [SW2003b] J024241.9-000028 X 02 42 41.88 -00 00 28.5           ~ 1 0
58 [SW2003b] J024241.9-000020 X 02 42 41.90 -00 00 20.4           ~ 1 0
59 CXOU J024242.0-000136 X 02 42 41.98 -00 01 35.7           ~ 1 0
60 [SW2003b] J024242.2-000047 X 02 42 42.16 -00 00 47.0           ~ 1 0
61 [SW2003b] J024242.5-000052 X 02 42 42.52 -00 00 51.6           ~ 1 0
62 [SW2003b] J024242.5-000048 X 02 42 42.54 -00 00 48.1           ~ 1 0
63 [SW2003b] J024242.6+000023 X 02 42 42.56 +00 00 22.9           ~ 1 0
64 [SW2003b] J024242.8-000245 X 02 42 42.78 -00 02 44.8           ~ 1 0
65 [SW2003b] J024242.8-000100 X 02 42 42.80 -00 00 59.6           ~ 1 0
66 [SW2003b] J024243.3-000141 X 02 42 43.34 -00 01 40.7           ~ 1 0
67 CXOU J024244.0-000035 X 02 42 43.99 -00 00 35.3           ~ 2 0
68 [SW2003b] J024244.4+000435 X 02 42 44.40 +00 04 35.1           ~ 1 0
69 [SW2003b] J024244.6+000256 X 02 42 44.56 +00 02 56.1           ~ 1 0
70 [SW2003b] J024245.1-000010 X 02 42 45.12 -00 00 10.0           ~ 1 0
71 [SW2003b] J024245.4+000256 X 02 42 45.36 +00 02 56.3           ~ 1 0
72 [SW2003b] J024245.4-000219 X 02 42 45.43 -00 02 19.0           ~ 1 0
73 [SW2003b] J024245.5-000030 X 02 42 45.54 -00 00 30.2           ~ 1 0
74 [SW2003b] J024245.8+000006 X 02 42 45.79 +00 00 06.0           ~ 1 0
75 [SW2003b] J024247.4+000028 X 02 42 47.40 +00 00 27.7           ~ 1 0
76 [SW2003b] J024247.4+000351 X 02 42 47.41 +00 03 50.7           ~ 1 0
77 SDSS J024247.52+000500.6 QSO 02 42 47.5253761392 +00 05 00.681921132           ~ 11 0
78 [SW2003b] J024248.3+000329 X 02 42 48.32 +00 03 29.4           ~ 1 0
79 [SW2003b] J024248.6+000246 X 02 42 48.59 +00 02 46.3           ~ 1 0
80 [SW2003b] J024250.6+000546 X 02 42 50.58 +00 05 45.8           ~ 1 0
81 [SW2003b] J024250.9+000431 X 02 42 50.95 +00 04 30.6           ~ 1 0
82 CXOU J024251.0-000032 X 02 42 50.99 -00 00 31.6           ~ 2 0
83 CXOU J024252.0+000343 X 02 42 51.95 +00 03 42.7           ~ 1 0
84 [SW2003b] J024252.8-000055 X 02 42 52.76 -00 00 55.5           ~ 1 0
85 [SW2003b] J024253.1-000216 X 02 42 53.07 -00 02 15.5           ~ 1 0
86 [SW2003b] J024253.7+000309 X 02 42 53.70 +00 03 08.7           ~ 1 0
87 [SW2003b] J024255.9-000128 X 02 42 55.92 -00 01 27.6           ~ 1 0
88 IC 342 AGN 03 46 48.514 +68 05 45.98   10.5       ~ 1579 1
89 NGC 1553 GiP 04 16 10.4697802536 -55 46 48.072797400 10.76 10.10 9.40 8.74   ~ 395 2
90 X LMC X-4 HXB 05 32 49.5556042296 -66 22 13.202721768   13.9 14.0 14.290   O8III 714 0
91 1A 0535-668 HXB 05 35 40.9970566152 -66 51 53.547559416       15.036 15.138 B2IIIe 302 0
92 2CXO J095550.1+694046 HXB 09 55 50.12 +69 40 46.4           ~ 294 1
93 M 82 AGN 09 55 52.430 +69 40 46.93 9.61 9.30 8.41     ~ 6156 6
94 MCG+12-10-012 AG? 09 57 32.8632 +69 02 50.735 15.19 15.15 14.10 14.12   ~ 327 4
95 NGC 3256 Sy2 10 27 51.284 -43 54 13.55   11.83 11.33 10.62 11.9 ~ 920 2
96 SN 1988Z SN* 10 51 50.10 +16 00 00.5   16.8       SNIIn 385 1
97 NGC 4038 EmG 12 01 53.002 -18 52 03.32   10.91   9.74 11.0 ~ 1364 1
98 NAME Antennae IG 12 01 53.170 -18 52 37.92           ~ 1749 0
99 NGC 4039 GiP 12 01 53.51 -18 53 10.3   11.08   9.77   ~ 1173 1
100 NGC 4967 GiG 13 05 36.4330184280 +53 33 51.366068748   14.2       ~ 37 0
101 CXOU J132950.6+471155 Rad 13 29 50.68 +47 11 55.2           ~ 21 0
102 M 51 Sy2 13 29 52.698 +47 11 42.93   9.26 8.36 8.40   ~ 4565 4
103 M 101 GiP 14 03 12.583 +54 20 55.50   8.46 7.86 7.76   ~ 3138 2
104 NAME Circinus Galaxy Sy2 14 13 09.906 -65 20 20.47   10.89 9.84 10.6 10.0 ~ 1331 1
105 CXOU J141312.3-652013 CV* 14 13 11.9622141349 -65 20 13.883379597           ~ 29 0
106 SN 1995N SN* 14 49 28.29 -10 10 14.0     17.5     SNIIn 172 1
107 V* V1033 Sco HXB 16 54 00.1423963019 -39 50 44.761701340       16.14   F3-6IV 1980 0
108 Granat 1915+105 HXB 19 15 11.55576 +10 56 44.9052           ~ 2810 0

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