2003ApJ...599.1067D

Query : 2003ApJ...599.1067D

2003ApJ...599.1067D - Astrophys. J., 599, 1067-1081 (2003/December-3)

X-ray point sources in the Sombrero galaxy: very soft sources, the globular cluster/low-mass X-ray binary connection, and an overview.

DI STEFANO R., KONG A.K.H., VANDALFSEN M.L., HARRIS W.E., MURRAY S.S. and DELAIN K.M.

Abstract (from CDS):

We report on the population of point sources discovered during an 18.5 ks Chandra ACIS-S observation of the Sombrero galaxy. We present the luminosity function and the spectra of the six brightest sources, consider correlations with globular clusters (GCs) and with planetary nebulae, and study the galaxy's population of very soft sources. We detected 122 sources. Twenty-two sources are identified as very soft; of these, five appear to be classical luminous supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs), while 17 may belong to the slightly harder class referred to as quasi-soft (QSSs). There is an overdensity of very soft sources within 2 kpc of the nucleus, which is itself the brightest X-ray source. Very soft sources are also found in the disk and halo, with one QSS in a globular cluster (GC). This source is somewhat harder than most SSSs; the energy distribution of its photons is consistent with what is expected from an accreting intermediate-mass black hole. Several sources in the Sombrero's halo are good candidates for SSS models in which the accretor is a nuclear-burning white dwarf. In total, 32 X-ray sources are associated with GCs. The majority of sources with luminosity greater than 1038 ergs/s are in GCs. These results for M104, an Sa galaxy, are similar to what has been found for elliptical galaxies and for the late-type spiral M31. We find that those optically bright GCs with X-ray sources house only the brightest X-ray sources. We find that, in common with other galaxies, there appears to be a positive connection between young (metal-rich) GCs and X-ray sources but that the brightest X-ray sources are equally likely to be in metal-poor GCs. The luminosity function of X-ray sources in GCs has a cut-off near the Eddington luminosity for a 1.4 M☉object. We propose a model that can explain the trends seen in the data sets from the Sombrero and other galaxies. Thermal timescale mass transfer can occur in some of the younger clusters in which the turnoff mass is slightly greater than 0.8 M☉; multiplicity may play a role in some of the most massive clusters; accretion from giant stars may be the dominant mechanism in some older, less massive and less centrally concentrated clusters. Key elements of the model can be tested.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): Galaxies: Individual: Messier Number: M104 - X-Rays: Binaries - X-Rays: Galaxies

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/599/1067): table1.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 1: [DKV2003] XNNN (Nos X1-X122).

CDS comments: T.1: CXOU names for the objects have been created by truncating coordinates from Table 1.

Simbad objects: 134

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Number of rows : 134
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
2 Bol 375 GlC 00 45 45.5769690648 +41 39 42.248420640 18.80 18.317 17.471 16.958 16.386 ~ 61 0
3 NGC 1399 rG 03 38 29.083 -35 27 02.67 11.05 9.74 9.59 8.12   ~ 1636 1
4 SV* HV 5682 XB* 05 13 50.7835871075 -69 51 47.483214339     16.566 16.606 16.62 ~ 321 0
5 2E 1550 XB* 05 43 34.1600044704 -68 22 22.191505716   15.9   17.2 16.54 ~ 332 0
6 OGLE LMC-SC20 113500 EB* 05 46 46.5466334000 -71 08 53.755688443     19.163   18.886 ~ 263 0
7 [DKV2003] X1 GlC 12 09 38.7 -11 38 51   13.8   12.5   ~ 1 0
8 M 49 Sy2 12 29 46.8 +08 00 01   13.21 12.17     ~ 2174 2
9 [DKV2003] X2 GlC 12 39 42.3 -11 36 56           ~ 1 0
10 [DKV2003] X3 GlC 12 39 43.190 -11 36 42.93     22.14     ~ 2 0
11 [DKV2003] X4 GlC 12 39 44.2 -11 36 01           ~ 1 0
12 HD 110086 * 12 39 45.2086887552 -11 38 49.650492372   10.79 10.12 9.7   G2/3V 11 0
13 [RZ2004] GCl 3517 * 12 39 45.2562818424 -11 36 00.754997184   20.0 19.28 18.5   ~ 3 0
14 [RZ2004] GCl 3506 GlC 12 39 45.5706914688 -11 39 33.616830420   20.430 19.47 18.847   ~ 2 0
15 [DKV2003] X8 GlC 12 39 47.2 -11 38 15           ~ 1 0
16 [DKV2003] X9 GlC 12 39 48.6 -11 37 13           ~ 1 0
17 [DKV2003] X10 GlC 12 39 50.1 -11 37 42           ~ 1 0
18 USNO-B1.0 0783-00267395 * 12 39 50.5014773136 -11 39 14.605739424   20.2   19.0   ~ 1 0
19 [RZ2004] GCl 3274 GlC 12 39 50.9527824480 -11 38 23.541058248     20.69     ~ 2 0
20 [DKV2003] X13 GlC 12 39 51.1 -11 36 48           ~ 1 0
21 [DKV2003] X14 GlC 12 39 51.1 -11 39 28           ~ 1 0
22 [RZ2004] GCl 3265 GlC 12 39 51.1175972880 -11 38 33.864477216     19.96     ~ 2 0
23 [DKV2003] X16 GlC 12 39 51.9 -11 35 52           ~ 1 0
24 [DKV2003] X17 GlC 12 39 53.4 -11 37 09           ~ 1 0
25 [DKV2003] X18 GlC 12 39 54.0 -11 38 25           ~ 1 0
26 [DKV2003] X19 GlC 12 39 54.1 -11 37 13           ~ 1 0
27 [SLS2006] 62 GlC 12 39 54.5991643416 -11 36 02.821783536     20.47     ~ 2 0
28 [DKV2003] X21 GlC 12 39 54.8 -11 37 30           ~ 1 0
29 [DKV2003] X22 GlC 12 39 54.9 -11 37 09           ~ 1 0
30 [DKV2003] X23 GlC 12 39 55.1 -11 37 37           ~ 1 0
31 [DKV2003] X24 GlC 12 39 55.4 -11 38 49           ~ 1 0
32 [DKV2003] X25 GlC 12 39 55.5 -11 37 32           ~ 1 0
33 [RZ2004] GCl 3061 GlC 12 39 55.7998384008 -11 34 48.631917252   20.457 19.46 18.849   ~ 3 0
34 [DKV2003] X27 GlC 12 39 55.8 -11 37 31           ~ 1 0
35 [DKV2003] X28 GlC 12 39 55.9 -11 37 42           ~ 1 0
36 2MASS J12395622-1131547 * 12 39 56.2775871072 -11 31 54.964454736   19.7   18.3   ~ 1 0
37 [DKV2003] X32 GlC 12 39 56.377 -11 38 26.98   21.496 20.71 20.166   ~ 3 0
38 [DKV2003] X30 GlC 12 39 56.4 -11 37 59           ~ 1 0
39 [DKV2003] X31 GlC 12 39 56.4 -11 37 24           ~ 1 0
40 [DKV2003] X33 GlC 12 39 56.9 -11 36 59           ~ 1 0
41 [DKV2003] X34 GlC 12 39 57.2 -11 37 04           ~ 1 0
42 [DKV2003] X35 GlC 12 39 57.2 -11 36 34           ~ 1 0
43 [DKV2003] X37 GlC 12 39 57.3 -11 37 50           ~ 1 0
44 [DKV2003] X36 GlC 12 39 57.3 -11 36 30           ~ 1 0
45 [DKV2003] X39 GlC 12 39 57.4 -11 37 53           ~ 1 0
46 [DKV2003] X40 GlC 12 39 57.4 -11 37 34           ~ 1 0
47 [DKV2003] X38 GlC 12 39 57.4 -11 37 20           ~ 1 0
48 [DKV2003] X41 GlC 12 39 57.7 -11 38 53           ~ 1 0
49 [DKV2003] X42 GlC 12 39 57.7 -11 37 15           ~ 1 0
50 [DKV2003] X44 GlC 12 39 57.9 -11 37 35           ~ 1 0
51 [DKV2003] X43 GlC 12 39 57.9 -11 37 02           ~ 1 0
52 [DKV2003] X45 GlC 12 39 58.3 -11 37 18           ~ 1 0
53 [DKV2003] X46 GlC 12 39 58.5 -11 37 21           ~ 1 0
54 [DKV2003] X47 GlC 12 39 58.6 -11 37 28           ~ 1 0
55 [DKV2003] X48 GlC 12 39 58.7 -11 38 21           ~ 1 0
56 [DKV2003] X49 GlC 12 39 58.7 -11 37 21           ~ 1 0
57 [DKV2003] X50 GlC 12 39 58.8 -11 37 25           ~ 1 0
58 [DKV2003] X51 GlC 12 39 58.8 -11 37 00           ~ 1 0
59 [DKV2003] X53 GlC 12 39 58.9 -11 38 38           ~ 1 0
60 [DKV2003] X52 GlC 12 39 58.930 -11 36 54.75     21.47     ~ 2 0
61 [DKV2003] X54 GlC 12 39 59.0 -11 35 12           ~ 1 0
62 [DKV2003] X55 GlC 12 39 59.1 -11 37 19           ~ 1 0
63 [SLS2006] 43 GlC 12 39 59.2712880336 -11 38 28.197499452   21.308 20.39 19.806   ~ 6 0
64 [DKV2003] X57 GlC 12 39 59.3 -11 36 50           ~ 1 0
65 [DKV2003] X58 GlC 12 39 59.39 -11 38 46.0   21.986 21.06 20.470   ~ 4 0
66 [DKV2003] X59 GlC 12 39 59.4 -11 37 27           ~ 1 0
67 [DKV2003] X60 GlC 12 39 59.4 -11 37 23           ~ 1 0
68 M 104 LIN 12 39 59.43185902 -11 37 22.9961800 9.51 9.55 8.00 8.05   ~ 1465 2
69 [DKV2003] X61 GlC 12 39 59.5 -11 37 02           ~ 1 0
70 [DKV2003] X62 GlC 12 39 59.6 -11 37 29           ~ 1 0
71 [DKV2003] X63 GlC 12 39 59.710 -11 35 24.95     21.10     ~ 2 0
72 [DKV2003] X65 GlC 12 39 59.752 -11 34 55.42   21.482 20.89 20.403   ~ 3 0
73 [DKV2003] X64 GlC 12 39 59.8 -11 37 16           ~ 1 0
74 [DKV2003] X66 GlC 12 39 59.8 -11 37 00           ~ 1 0
75 [DKV2003] X68 GlC 12 39 59.9 -11 37 40           ~ 1 0
76 [DKV2003] X67 GlC 12 39 59.9 -11 36 23           ~ 1 0
77 [DKV2003] X70 GlC 12 40 00.0 -11 37 09           ~ 1 0
78 [DKV2003] X69 GlC 12 40 00.0 -11 37 27           ~ 1 0
79 [DKV2003] X71 GlC 12 40 00.1 -11 35 42           ~ 1 0
80 [DKV2003] X72 GlC 12 40 00.2 -11 37 23           ~ 1 0
81 [DKV2003] X73 GlC 12 40 00.3 -11 37 23           ~ 1 0
82 [DKV2003] X74 GlC 12 40 00.4 -11 37 18           ~ 1 0
83 [DKV2003] X76 GlC 12 40 00.635 -11 35 20.35   21.280 20.55 20.053   ~ 3 0
84 [DKV2003] X78 GlC 12 40 00.7 -11 37 30           ~ 1 0
85 [DKV2003] X75 GlC 12 40 00.7 -11 37 13           ~ 1 0
86 [DKV2003] X77 GlC 12 40 00.7 -11 37 04           ~ 1 0
87 [SGT2004] J124000.97-113654.2 GlC 12 40 00.97 -11 36 54.2           ~ 2 0
88 [DKV2003] X80 GlC 12 40 01.0 -11 37 08           ~ 1 0
89 [DKV2003] X81 GlC 12 40 01.00 -11 37 00.9           ~ 1 0
90 [DKV2003] X82 GlC 12 40 01.1 -11 37 24           ~ 1 0
91 [DKV2003] X84 GlC 12 40 01.3 -11 37 30           ~ 1 0
92 [DKV2003] X83 GlC 12 40 01.3 -11 37 02           ~ 1 0
93 [DKV2003] X85 GlC 12 40 01.4 -11 40 10           ~ 1 0
94 [DKV2003] X86 GlC 12 40 02.0 -11 39 40           ~ 1 0
95 [DKV2003] X88 GlC 12 40 02.0 -11 38 46           ~ 1 0
96 [DKV2003] X87 GlC 12 40 02.0 -11 37 07           ~ 1 0
97 [DKV2003] X91 GlC 12 40 02.2 -11 38 01           ~ 1 0
98 [DKV2003] X89 GlC 12 40 02.2 -11 37 54           ~ 1 0
99 [DKV2003] X90 GlC 12 40 02.2 -11 37 19           ~ 1 0
100 [DKV2003] X92 GlC 12 40 02.30 -11 37 11.7           ~ 1 0
101 [DKV2003] X93 GlC 12 40 02.4 -11 38 52           ~ 1 0
102 [DKV2003] X94 GlC 12 40 02.8 -11 37 17           ~ 1 0
103 NAME Sombrero UCD 1 G 12 40 03.1428796848 -11 40 04.430325936   18.0 17.46 16.5   ~ 27 1
104 [DKV2003] X96 GlC 12 40 03.6 -11 37 39           ~ 1 0
105 USNO-B1.0 0784-00251561 * 12 40 03.6010526088 -11 32 41.950310424   20.7   19.6   ~ 1 0
106 [DKV2003] X98 GlC 12 40 03.7 -11 37 01           ~ 1 0
107 [DKV2003] X99 GlC 12 40 04.5 -11 36 37           ~ 1 0
108 [DKV2003] X100 GlC 12 40 04.6 -11 37 36           ~ 1 0
109 [DKV2003] X101 GlC 12 40 04.690 -11 38 28.74     21.46     ~ 2 0
110 [DKV2003] X102 GlC 12 40 04.8 -11 37 21           ~ 1 0
111 [DKV2003] X103 GlC 12 40 05.0 -11 37 32           ~ 1 0
112 [DKV2003] X104 GlC 12 40 05.3 -11 35 00           ~ 1 0
113 [DKV2003] X105 GlC 12 40 05.5 -11 39 41           ~ 1 0
114 [DKV2003] X106 GlC 12 40 05.7 -11 37 11           ~ 1 0
115 [DKV2003] X107 GlC 12 40 06.9 -11 37 22           ~ 1 0
116 [DKV2003] X108 GlC 12 40 07.0 -11 37 53           ~ 1 0
117 [DKV2003] X109 GlC 12 40 08.2 -11 34 46           ~ 1 0
118 [DKV2003] X110 GlC 12 40 08.4 -11 37 11           ~ 1 0
119 [DKV2003] X111 GlC 12 40 08.9 -11 38 17           ~ 1 0
120 [DKV2003] X112 GlC 12 40 09.5 -11 36 47           ~ 1 0
121 [DKV2003] X113 GlC 12 40 09.7 -11 36 45           ~ 1 0
122 [DKV2003] X114 GlC 12 40 10.4 -11 36 39           ~ 1 0
123 2MASS J12401083-1132585 * 12 40 10.8247374936 -11 32 58.635308868   19.3   17.6   ~ 1 0
124 [DKV2003] X116 GlC 12 40 11.4 -11 34 43           ~ 1 0
125 [DKV2003] X117 GlC 12 40 12.3 -11 40 05           ~ 1 0
126 [DKV2003] X118 GlC 12 40 12.7 -11 36 31           ~ 1 0
127 [DKV2003] X119 GlC 12 40 12.9 -11 39 03           ~ 1 0
128 [DKV2003] X120 GlC 12 40 13.7 -11 37 52           ~ 1 0
129 [DKV2003] X121 GlC 12 40 15.2 -11 33 08           ~ 1 0
130 [DKV2003] X122 GlC 12 40 15.345 -11 37 35.52   21.494 20.62 20.000   ~ 3 0
131 NGC 4697 GiG 12 48 35.8981498824 -05 48 02.482374564   10.97   9.83   ~ 895 0
132 M 51 Sy2 13 29 52.698 +47 11 42.93   9.26 8.36 8.40   ~ 4565 4
133 M 83 SBG 13 37 00.91920 -29 51 56.7400 8.85 8.11 7.52 7.21   ~ 2778 2
134 M 101 GiP 14 03 12.583 +54 20 55.50   8.46 7.86 7.76   ~ 3138 2

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