2004ApJ...613..355K

We develop a method of analyzing radio-frequency spectral line observations to derive data on the temperature, density, velocity, and molecular abundance of the emitting gas. The method incorporates a radiative transfer code with a new technique for handling overlapping hyperfine emission lines within the accelerated Λ-iteration algorithm and a heuristic search algorithm based on simulated annealing. We apply this method to new observations of N₂H⁺ in three Lynds clouds thought to be starless cores in the first stages of star formation and determine their density structure. A comparison of the gas densities derived from the molecular line emission and the millimeter dust emission suggests that the required dust mass opacity is about κ_1.3mm=0.04 cm²/g, consistent with models of dust grains that have opacities enhanced by ice mantles and fluffy aggregrates.