2004ApJ...616...27B

We have analyzed galaxy- and group-sized dark matter halos formed in a high-resolution ΛCDM numerical N-body simulation in order to study the rotation of the triaxial figure, a property in principle independent of the angular momentum of the particles themselves. Such figure rotation may have observational consequences, such as triggering spiral structure in extended gas disks. The orientation of the major and minor axes are compared at five late snapshots of the simulation. Halos with significant substructure or that appear otherwise disturbed are excluded from the sample. We detect smooth figure rotation in 288 of the 317 halos in the sample. The pattern speeds follow a lognormal distribution centered at Ω_p=0.148hkm/s/kpc with a width of 0.83. These speeds are an order of magnitude smaller than required to explain the spiral structure of galaxies such as NGC 2915. The axis about which the figure rotates aligns very well with the halo minor axis in 85% of the halos and with the major axis in the remaining 15% of the halos. The figure rotation axis is usually reasonably well aligned with the angular momentum vector. The pattern speed is correlated with the halo spin parameter λ but shows no correlation with the halo mass. The halos with the highest pattern speeds show particularly strong alignment between their angular momentum vectors and their figure rotation axes. The figure rotation is coherent outside 0.12r_vir. The measured pattern speed and degree of internal alignment of the figure rotation axis drops in the innermost region of the halo, which may be an artifact of the numerical force softening. The axis ratios show a weak tendency to become more spherical with time.