2006ApJ...638L..59V

Using the deep multiwavelength MUSYC, GOODS, and FIRES surveys we construct a stellar mass-limited sample of galaxies at 2<z<3. The sample comprises 294 galaxies with M>10¹¹ M_☉distributed over four independent fields with a total area of almost 400 arcmin². The mean number density of massive galaxies in this redshift range ρ(M>10¹¹ M_☉)=(2.2±0.6)x10^–4 h³₇₀/Mpc3. We present median values and 25th and 75th percentiles for the distributions of observed R_ABmagnitudes, observed J-K_scolors, and rest-frame ultraviolet continuum slopes, M/L_Vratios, and U-V colors. The galaxies show a large range in all these properties. The ``median galaxy'' is faint in the observer's optical (R_AB=25.9), red in the observed near-IR (J-K_s=2.48), has a rest-frame UV spectrum that is relatively flat in F_λ (β=-0.4), and rest-frame optical colors resembling those of nearby spiral galaxies (U-V=0.62). We determine which galaxies would be selected as Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) or distant red galaxies (DRGs, having J-K_s>2.3) in this mass-limited sample. By number DRGs make up 69% of the sample, and LBGs 20%, with a small amount of overlap. By mass DRGs make up 77%, and LBGs 17%. Neither technique provides a representative sample of massive galaxies at 2<z<3 as they only sample the extremes of the population. As we show here, multiwavelength surveys with high-quality photometry are essential for an unbiased census of massive galaxies in the early universe. The main uncertainty in this analysis is our reliance on photometric redshifts; confirmation of the results presented here requires extensive near-infrared spectroscopy of optically faint samples.