2006ApJ...640..391H

Recently, the Spitzer Space Telescope discovered L1014-IRS, a mid-infrared source with protostellar colors, toward the heretofore ``starless'' core L1014. We present deep near-infrared observations that show a scattered light nebula extending from L1014-IRS. This nebula resembles those typically associated with protostars and young stellar objects, tracing envelope cavities presumably evacuated by an outflow. The northern lobe of the nebula has an opening angle of ∼100°, while the southern lobe is barely detected. Its morphology suggests that the bipolar cavity and inferred protostellar disk are not inclined more than 30° from an edge-on orientation. The nebula extends at least 8" from the source at K_s, strongly suggesting that L1014-IRS is embedded within L1014 at a distance of 200 pc rather than in a more distant cloud associated with the Perseus arm at 2.6 kpc. In this case, the apparently low luminosity of L1014-IRS, 0.090 L_☉, is consistent with it having a substellar mass. However, if L1014-IRS is obscured by a circumstellar disk, its luminosity and inferred mass may be greater. Using near-infrared colors of background stars, we investigate characteristics of the L1014 molecular cloud core. We determine a mass of 3.6 M_☉for regions of the core with A_V≥2 mag. A comparison of the radial extinction profile of L1014 with other cores suggests that L1014 may be among the most centrally condensed cores known, perhaps indicative of the earliest stages of brown dwarf or star formation processes.