2007ApJ...661...88K

Query : 2007ApJ...661...88K

2007ApJ...661...88K - Astrophys. J., 661, 88-94 (2007/May-3)

The role of sub-damped Lyα absorbers in the cosmic evolution of metals.

KULKARNI V.P., KHARE P., PEROUX C., YORK D.G., LAUROESCH J.T. and MEIRING J.D.

Abstract (from CDS):

Observations of low mean metallicity of damped Lyα (DLA) quasar absorbers at all redshifts studied appear to contradict the predictions for the global mean interstellar metallicity in galaxies from cosmic chemical evolution models. On the other hand, a number of metal-rich sub-DLA systems have been identified recently, and the fraction of metal-rich sub-DLAs appears to be considerably larger than that of metal-rich DLAs, especially at z<1.5. In view of this, here we investigate the evolution of metallicity in sub-DLAs. We find that the mean Zn metallicity of the observed sub-DLAs may be higher than that of the observed DLAs, especially at low redshifts, reaching a near-solar level at z≲1. This trend does not appear to be an artifact of sample selection, the use of Zn, the use of NHIweighting, or observational sensitivity. While a bias against very low metallicity could be present in the sub-DLA sample in some situations, this cannot explain the difference between the DLA and sub-DLA metallicities at low z. The primary reason for the difference between the DLAs and sub-DLAs appears to be the dearth of metal-rich DLAs. We estimate the sub-DLA contribution to the total metal budget using measures of their metallicity and comoving gas density. These calculations suggest that at z≲1, the contribution of sub-DLAs to the total metal budget may be several times that of DLAs. At higher redshifts also, there are indications that the sub-DLAs may contribute significantly to the cosmic metal budget.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): ISM: Abundances - Galaxies: Quasars: Absorption Lines

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/661/88): table1.dat refs.dat>

Simbad objects: 129

goto Full paper

goto View the references in ADS

Number of rows : 129
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 LBQS 2359-0216B QSO 00 01 49.9509602856 -01 59 39.455306448   18 18.0     ~ 112 0
2 QSO J0003-2603 QSO 00 03 22.9531962024 -26 03 18.304471908   18 17.53     ~ 293 0
3 QSO J0007+2417 QSO 00 07 38.6226394608 +24 17 24.835551000     18.69     ~ 14 0
4 LBQS 0010-0012 QSO 00 13 06.1519752552 +00 04 31.948605732   19.29 19.05     ~ 102 0
5 LBQS 0013-0029 QSO 00 16 02.4050159808 -00 12 25.077257064   18.67 18.36     ~ 198 0
6 LBQS 0049-2820 QSO 00 51 27.1928384280 -28 04 33.966262488     18.1     ~ 45 0
7 LBQS 0056+0125 QSO 00 59 17.5904385072 +01 42 05.314833360     18.6     ~ 45 0
8 LBQS 0058+0155 QSO 01 00 54.1201107072 +02 11 36.331220364   17.48 17.16     ~ 166 0
9 QSO B0058-292 QSO 01 01 04.6496114136 -28 58 01.682742576     18.7     ~ 46 0
10 PHL 957 QSO 01 03 11.2741573824 +13 16 17.809871484   16.97 16.57     ~ 350 0
11 QSO B0112+03 QSO 01 14 53.2286036664 +03 14 56.953353696     18.6     ~ 62 2
12 QSO J0133+0400 QSO 01 33 40.3265690928 +04 00 59.844453768     18.30     ~ 74 0
13 QSO J0134+0051 QSO 01 34 05.7664658472 +00 51 09.421984152   18.71 18.45     ~ 51 0
14 6C 014940+333547 QSO 01 52 34.5766588080 +33 50 33.159720264   18.5 18.5     ~ 134 1
15 QSO B0216+0803 QSO 02 18 57.3582544488 +08 17 27.346030260     18.1     ~ 94 0
16 QSO B0253+0058 QSO 02 56 07.2504632664 +01 10 38.606304864   19.58 19.11     ~ 69 0
17 QSO J0304-2211 QSO 03 04 49.8652311288 -22 11 51.882127548   16.43 16.40     ~ 111 0
18 QSO B0335-122 Bla 03 37 55.4513467728 -12 04 04.551994488   21.018 20.110 20.199   ~ 88 1
19 QSO B0347-383 QSO 03 49 43.6603590912 -38 10 30.825444900     17.3     ~ 196 0
20 QSO B0347-211 Bla 03 49 57.82667348 -21 02 47.7416093   20.48 21.10 20.297   ~ 135 1
21 QSO J0354-2724 QSO 03 54 05.5738672608 -27 24 21.058723008     17.9     ~ 41 0
22 QSO J0407-4410 QSO 04 07 18.0880236912 -44 10 13.983623724   17.6 17.6     ~ 103 1
23 QSO B0405-331 Bla 04 07 33.91372765 -33 03 46.3581465   19.33   19.77   ~ 65 1
24 QSO B0424-2209 QSO 04 26 10.3253549256 -22 02 17.793957984     17.94     ~ 37 0
25 QSO B0432-440 Bla 04 34 03.2139497184 -43 55 47.757093672   19.8 19.60 19.7   ~ 43 1
26 QSO B0438-43 Bla 04 40 17.17997576 -43 33 08.6043290   19.31 19.5 18.2   ~ 302 2
27 QSO B0454+0356 Bla 04 56 47.1747907776 +04 00 52.946102484   16.76 16.53 16.26   ~ 247 1
28 4C -02.19 Bla 05 01 12.80988538 -01 59 14.2564557   19.1 18.06 19.04   ~ 624 1
29 HE 0515-4414 QSO 05 17 07.6238702856 -44 10 55.579731312 14.74 15.49 15.16     ~ 129 0
30 QSO B0528-2505 Bla 05 30 07.9627395840 -25 03 29.900044512   18.17 17.34 17.7   ~ 429 1
31 QSO B0537-286 Bla 05 39 54.28147904 -28 39 55.9481236   19.70 20.0 18.789   ~ 314 1
32 QSO B0551-36 QSO 05 52 46.1824785360 -36 37 27.608212524   17.72 17.57     ~ 98 0
33 6C 073759+311929 Bla 07 41 10.70330407 +31 12 00.2291151   17.02 16.89 16.322   ~ 468 1
34 QSO J0747+2739 QSO 07 47 11.1466907592 +27 39 03.365989812     17.20     ~ 74 0
35 QSO B0805+5224 QSO 08 08 49.4238903240 +52 15 15.242663556   21.79 20.40     ~ 58 0
36 QSO J0812+32 QSO 08 12 40.6859242632 +32 08 08.579336496   18.16 17.75     ~ 106 0
37 QSO B0823-223 BLL 08 26 01.5730900658 -22 30 27.204409684   16.11 16.20     ~ 224 1
38 7C 082754.29+242103.00 Bla 08 30 52.08619250 +24 10 59.8202919   17.62 17.26 16.30   ~ 563 1
39 QSO B0836+1122 QSO 08 39 32.9958412872 +11 12 06.594966828     18.8     ~ 93 0
40 QSO B0841+129 BLL 08 44 24.2445546984 +12 45 46.526286780   18.28 18.5     ~ 121 0
41 QSO B0913+003 BLL 09 15 51.69513598 +00 07 13.3089688   21.7 21.70 19.5   ~ 45 1
42 QSO B0913+0715 QSO 09 16 13.9618240848 +07 02 24.497778588     17.1     ~ 109 0
43 QSO B0933-333 BLL 09 35 09.2297465736 -33 32 37.715739216   19.7 20.00 18.9   ~ 40 1
44 QSO B0933+733 QSO 09 37 48.8931145824 +73 01 58.080158076     17.3     ~ 60 0
45 US 796 QSO 09 38 57.0175740480 +41 28 21.216772452   16.94 16.75     ~ 144 1
46 US 987 QSO 09 48 35.9613489240 +43 23 02.600924892   18.54 18.37     ~ 57 0
47 QSO B0952+179 QSO 09 54 56.82361677 +17 43 31.2221518   17.31 17.23     ~ 222 1
48 QSO B0957+33 QSO 09 57 44.4641685312 +33 08 20.768397468   20.70 19.42     ~ 66 0
49 8C 0958+561 QSO 10 01 20.6918953728 +55 53 55.593949272   17.16 16.95     ~ 757 3
50 QSO B0957+5608B QSO 10 01 20.8375795656 +55 53 49.543053252   17.16 16.95     ~ 280 1
51 QSO J1009-0026 QSO 10 09 30.4641515304 -00 26 19.120902864   17.75 17.43     ~ 64 0
52 2QZ J101018.2+000350 QSO 10 10 18.1897291872 +00 03 51.281497008   18.80 18.54     ~ 49 0
53 QSO J1010-0047 QSO 10 10 33.4434310776 -00 47 24.492062040   18.73 18.46     ~ 33 0
54 QSO J1021+3001 QSO 10 21 56.5562383920 +30 01 40.456636248     17.48     ~ 56 0
55 LBQS 1026-0045B QSO 10 28 37.0180551648 -01 00 27.526300632   18.41 18.22     ~ 74 1
56 QSO B1036-2257 QSO 10 39 09.5068714968 -23 13 26.396602392   18.0 18.0     ~ 46 0
57 QSO J1039-2719 QSO 10 39 21.8517992640 -27 19 16.435341732     17.4     ~ 92 0
58 QSO B1055-301 Bla 10 58 00.42743188 -30 24 55.0274126   19.4 19.5 19.33   ~ 48 1
59 PG 1101-264 QSO 11 03 25.2993421704 -26 45 15.808554720   16.08 16.02     ~ 247 1
60 QSO B1104-181 QSO 11 06 33.3845199936 -18 21 23.829049296   15.8 15.9 15.7   ~ 338 1
61 QSO J1107+0048 QSO 11 07 29.0354645832 +00 48 11.289550860   17.89 17.54     ~ 59 0
62 QSO J1107+0003 QSO 11 07 36.6754543512 +00 03 29.475462060   19.16 18.81     ~ 45 0
63 QSO J1113-1533 QSO 11 13 50.6122921416 -15 33 34.005990672   18.7 18.7     ~ 39 0
64 QSO B1117-1329 QSO 11 20 10.3163354592 -13 46 25.946998500     18.00     ~ 59 0
65 QSO B1122-168 QSO 11 24 42.8658917592 -17 05 17.389038732   16.5 16.5 16.1   ~ 132 1
66 QSO B1132+2243 QSO 11 35 08.0964488976 +22 27 15.600908232   17.7       ~ 52 0
67 QSO J1137+3907 QSO 11 37 09.5044356960 +39 07 23.411978616   18.34 17.99     ~ 45 0
68 QSO B1151+068 QSO 11 54 11.0745443880 +06 34 27.165655200     18.6     ~ 59 0
69 QSO B1157+014 QSO 11 59 44.8278142392 +01 12 06.985999764   17.87 17.52     ~ 228 1
70 QSO B1209+0919 QSO 12 11 34.9526605296 +09 02 20.852132964   19.61 19.15     ~ 107 0
71 LBQS 1210+1731 QSO 12 13 03.0135468360 +17 14 23.237180160   18.21 18.03     ~ 91 0
72 QSO J1217+3305 Bla 12 17 32.5421411376 +33 05 38.030803980     17.5 17.7   ~ 122 1
73 QSO J1224+0037 QSO 12 24 14.3016914568 +00 37 09.061204656   19.09 18.91     ~ 38 0
74 QSO J1225+0035 QSO 12 25 56.6186938080 +00 35 35.174880960   19.41 19.06     ~ 43 1
75 LBQS 1223+1753 QSO 12 26 07.1946195816 +17 36 49.921603812   18.93 18.59     ~ 115 0
76 QSO B1228-113 Bla 12 30 55.5556807872 -11 39 09.791771256   22.010   19.115   ~ 81 1
77 4C -02.55 Bla 12 32 00.0159535440 -02 24 04.793069304   17.41 17.06 16.4   ~ 440 1
78 QSO B1230-1008 Bla 12 33 13.16488603 -10 25 18.4373962   19.7 19.80 19.1   ~ 54 1
79 LBQS 1232+0815 QSO 12 34 37.5514444464 +07 58 43.367750796     18.4     ~ 128 0
80 NAME Hubble Deep Field reg 12 36 49.5 +62 12 58           ~ 1967 1
81 QSO J1248+3110 QSO 12 48 20.2099865544 +31 10 43.304516364   22.27 21.06     ~ 41 0
82 LB 19 QSO 12 50 05.7146863848 +26 31 07.598352000   16.12 15.92     ~ 207 0
83 QSO J1253-0228 QSO 12 53 36.3528737088 -02 28 07.744660284     18.80     ~ 42 0
84 LBQS 1320-0006 QSO 13 23 23.7871066608 -00 21 55.244828772   18.70 18.22     ~ 88 0
85 ALMA J132323.81-002154.1 G 13 23 23.81 -00 21 54.1           ~ 9 0
86 3C 286 Sy1 13 31 08.2883506368 +30 30 32.960091564   17.51 17.25     ~ 4558 2
87 QSO B1331+170 Bla 13 33 35.7827544072 +16 49 04.013500728   16.84 16.71 16.41   ~ 469 1
88 QSO B1337+11 QSO 13 40 02.5419344664 +11 06 30.181521168     18.7     ~ 120 0
89 7C 1351+3153 QSO 13 54 05.3922907896 +31 39 02.432250180   19.03 18.71     ~ 68 1
90 QSO J1356-1101 Bla 13 56 46.8321231864 -11 01 29.227444572   19.0 19.20 17.7   ~ 54 1
91 7C 1354+2552 QSO 13 57 06.5354509152 +25 37 24.494694024   19.13 18.93     ~ 101 1
92 QSO B1409+0930 QSO 14 12 17.2929417480 +09 16 24.707943048     18.6     ~ 65 0
93 QSO B1418-064 Bla 14 21 07.75560722 -06 43 56.3557864   20.4 18.50 19.1   ~ 78 1
94 QSO J1432+3940 QSO 14 32 24.7687190352 +39 40 24.541195152   23.01 21.19     ~ 46 0
95 LBQS 1444+0126 QSO 14 46 53.0501441856 +01 13 55.924449276   18.71 18.38     ~ 75 0
96 QSO B1451+123 QSO 14 54 18.5811696336 +12 10 53.897535696     18.6     ~ 88 0
97 QSO J1501+0019 QSO 15 01 23.4543047160 +00 19 40.036329804   18.28 18.12     ~ 46 0
98 QSO J1506+5220 QSO 15 06 54.5506795824 +52 20 04.744002588   21.72 20.14     ~ 57 0
99 QSO J1535+2943 QSO 15 35 53.8007550912 +29 43 13.680850512   22.17 20.48     ~ 39 0
100 QSO J1712+5559 QSO 17 12 44.1153264192 +55 59 49.764194880   18.99 18.77     ~ 29 0
101 QSO J1715+3809 QSO 17 15 39.4554152376 +38 09 09.936798876     18.56     ~ 19 1
102 QSO J1723+2243 QSO 17 23 23.1074068680 +22 43 57.140264100     18.17     ~ 42 0
103 QSO J1727+5302 QSO 17 27 39.0275674728 +53 02 29.280756336   18.72 18.42     ~ 55 0
104 QSO J1733+5533 QSO 17 33 23.0009461896 +55 33 00.840609108   18.36 18.12     ~ 38 0
105 QSO B1759+7539 BLL 17 57 46.3590423768 +75 39 16.181909928     16.50     ~ 90 0
106 QSO J1802+5616 QSO 18 02 48.8363975640 +56 16 50.442963780     18.30     ~ 25 0
107 B3 1850+440 Rad 18 52 10 +44 04.6           ~ 1 0
108 QSO B1946+770 QSO 19 44 54.8532392016 +77 05 52.673448048     15.8     ~ 156 0
109 QSO B2059-360 QSO 21 02 44.6068720464 -35 53 07.081042308   19.18 18.62     ~ 58 0
110 QSO J2119-3536 QSO 21 19 27.6059083752 -35 37 40.547708544   17.50 17.35     ~ 45 0
111 LBQS 2138-4427 QSO 21 41 59.5007724552 -44 13 25.930211268   19.17 18.20     ~ 70 1
112 QSO J2155+1358 QSO 21 55 02.0017063296 +13 58 25.712205816     18.00     ~ 50 0
113 LBQS 2206-1958A QSO 22 08 52.0729138920 -19 43 59.866776948   17.49 17.33     ~ 223 0
114 QSO B2206-1959 QSO 22 09 00.6950774976 -19 44 19.743416484     18.65     ~ 85 0
115 LBQS 2230+0232 QSO 22 32 35.2154152488 +02 47 55.814764596   18.387 18.038     ~ 98 0
116 LBQS 2230-0015 QSO 22 34 08.9971751592 +00 00 01.703853180   18.09 17.39 17.3   ~ 142 0
117 QSO J2241-3820 QSO 22 41 51.84 -38 20 17.5           ~ 21 0
118 QSO J2246-6015 QSO 22 47 08.9258659440 -60 15 45.299400480           ~ 74 0
119 QSO B2311-373 Bla 23 13 59.7082094616 -37 04 46.215225516   19.0 18.5 19.05   ~ 47 1
120 QSO J2315+0921 QSO 23 15 59.1311325480 +09 21 43.180860096     19.10     ~ 15 0
121 QSO B2314-409 Bla 23 16 46.91990359 -40 41 21.0863175   17.9 17.9     ~ 76 1
122 QSO J2328+0022 QSO 23 28 20.3832928800 +00 22 38.176896792   18.39 18.06     ~ 69 0
123 QSO J2331+0038 QSO 23 31 21.8200909488 +00 38 07.430648964   18.39 18.13     ~ 41 0
124 QSO B2332-094 QSO 23 34 46.4045250120 -09 08 12.250650732   19.21 18.62 18.07   ~ 89 1
125 QSO J2344+0342 QSO 23 44 03.1101598920 +03 42 26.725817304     18.20     ~ 51 0
126 QSO B2342+3417 QSO 23 44 51.2526572424 +34 33 48.696770052     19.1     ~ 67 1
127 QSO B2343+125 QSO 23 46 28.200 +12 49 00.00     17.5     ~ 143 2
128 QSO B2348-0108 QSO 23 50 57.8771296800 -00 52 09.886281492   19.23 18.77 18.7   ~ 152 0
129 QSO B2348-147 BLL 23 51 29.8153792680 -14 27 56.840819544     16.9     ~ 81 1

To bookmark this query, right click on this link: simbad:objects in 2007ApJ...661...88K and select 'bookmark this link' or equivalent in the popup menu