2008AJ....135.1117M

Query : 2008AJ....135.1117M

2008AJ....135.1117M - Astron. J., 135, 1117-1135 (2008/April-0)

Mass outflow and chromospheric activity of red giant stars in globular clusters. I. M15.

MESZAROS Sz., DUPREE A.K. and SZENTGYORGYI A.

Abstract (from CDS):

High-resolution spectra of 110 selected red giant stars in the globular cluster M15 (NGC 7078) were obtained with Hectochelle at the MMT telescope in 2005 May, 2006 May, and 2006 October. Echelle orders containing Hα and CaII H & K are used to identify emission and line asymmetries characterizing motions in the extended atmospheres. Emission in Hα is detected to a luminosity of log(L/L☉)=2.36, in this very metal-deficient cluster, comparable to other studies, suggesting that the appearance of emission wings is independent of stellar metallicity. The faintest stars showing Hα emission appear to lie on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) in M15. A line-bisector technique for Hα reveals outflowing velocities in all stars brighter than log(L/L☉)=2.5, and this outflow velocity increases with stellar luminosity, indicating the mass outflow increases smoothly with luminosity. Many stars lying low on the AGB show exceptionally high outflow velocities (up to 10-15km.s–1) and more velocity variability (up to 6-8 km.s–1) than red giant branch (RGB) stars of similar apparent magnitude. High velocities in M15 may be related to the low cluster metallicity. Dusty stars identified from Spitzer Space Telescope infrared photometry as AGB stars are confirmed as cluster members by radial velocity measurements, yet their Hα profiles are similar to those of RGB stars without dust. If substantial mass loss creates the circumstellar shell responsible for infrared emission, such mass loss must be episodic.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): globular clusters: general - globular clusters: individual: M15 - stars: AGB and post-AGB - stars: chromospheres - stars: mass loss

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/AJ/135/1117): table1.dat table3.dat table5.dat table7.dat>

CDS comments: Object B16 not identified.

Simbad objects: 119

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Number of rows : 119
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 104 GlC 00 24 05.359 -72 04 53.20     4.09     ~ 4158 0
2 NGC 2808 GlC 09 12 03.10 -64 51 48.6           ~ 1540 0
3 * l Car cC* 09 45 14.8117044917 -62 30 28.450312664   5.09 3.75     G5Iab/b 343 0
4 NGC 5139 GlC 13 26 47.28 -47 28 46.1           ~ 3677 0
5 M 4 GlC 16 23 35.22 -26 31 32.7           ~ 1978 0
6 M 13 GlC 16 41 41.634 +36 27 40.75     5.8     ~ 2291 0
7 M 22 GlC 18 36 23.94 -23 54 17.1           ~ 1459 0
8 NGC 6752 GlC 19 10 52.11 -59 59 04.4           ~ 2121 0
9 M 55 GlC 19 39 59.71 -30 57 53.1     6.49     ~ 913 0
10 Cl* NGC 7078 BRO 5 RG* 21 29 08.4407719224 +12 09 11.940039936   14.63 13.51     ~ 26 0
11 Cl* NGC 7078 BRO 6 RG* 21 29 12.3636083256 +12 10 49.865118816   14.746 13.583     ~ 25 0
12 Cl* NGC 7078 CUD 3 RG* 21 29 13.0624996848 +12 11 15.033484140   15.49 14.65     ~ 14 0
13 NGC 7078 12 HB* 21 29 30.7770013224 +12 06 32.652297036   15.84 15.05     ~ 20 0
14 2MASS J21293312+1212509 AB* 21 29 33.1264110672 +12 12 50.902413084   15.74 15.00     ~ 14 0
15 NGC 7078 22 RG* 21 29 33.5407610568 +12 04 55.256927412   15.42 14.41     ~ 27 0
16 NGC 7078 26 RG* 21 29 34.6325971848 +12 03 19.206352980   15.87 15.00     ~ 19 0
17 NGC 7078 27 HB* 21 29 35.0885079672 +12 06 03.727423872   15.84 15.09     ~ 19 0
18 NGC 7078 31 RG* 21 29 35.8785112704 +12 08 27.284022456   16.04 15.21     ~ 17 0
19 NGC 7078 42 RG* 21 29 38.0061390696 +12 11 58.074533520   16.10 15.23     ~ 12 0
20 NGC 7078 47 RG* 21 29 38.7231539136 +12 11 52.948295160   15.13 14.11     ~ 23 0
21 NGC 7078 56 RG* 21 29 40.0444556304 +12 16 00.091523172   16.27 15.37     ~ 22 0
22 NGC 7078 60 RG* 21 29 41.2611846888 +12 07 19.413247296   16.07 15.26     ~ 15 0
23 NGC 7078 64 RG* 21 29 42.959 +12 09 53.41   16.11 15.25     ~ 32 0
24 NGC 7078 70 RG* 21 29 43.5967857000 +12 15 47.214095292   15.296 14.290     ~ 36 0
25 NGC 7078 69 RG* 21 29 43.7815533288 +12 08 33.295733628   15.444 14.441     ~ 29 0
26 NGC 7078 77 RG* 21 29 44.6489154048 +12 07 30.728845380   14.46 13.52   12.39 ~ 32 0
27 NGC 7078 87 RG* 21 29 45.8073850968 +12 08 45.461961240   14.87 13.80     ~ 30 0
28 NGC 7078 89 RG* 21 29 46.0690491744 +12 11 31.491041028   15.433 14.484     ~ 30 0
29 NGC 7078 92 RG* 21 29 46.6939499808 +12 03 20.685656556   16.14 15.20     ~ 17 0
30 2MASS J21294738+1209046 RG* 21 29 47.3835992040 +12 09 04.607949168   16.26 15.29     ~ 5 0
31 2MASS J21294778+1211307 RG* 21 29 47.7773310264 +12 11 30.698002572   15.96 15.08     ~ 9 0
32 2MASS J21294786+1208453 RG* 21 29 47.8632017424 +12 08 45.303312588   14.99 13.85     ~ 19 0
33 NGC 7078 129 RG* 21 29 48.6203434920 +12 11 45.735940068   15.23 14.26     ~ 25 0
34 2MASS J21294883+1210252 RG* 21 29 48.8347944144 +12 10 25.199535540   15.99 15.10     ~ 7 0
35 2MASS J21294912+1209037 RG* 21 29 49.129 +12 09 03.72   15.80 15.00     ~ 6 0
36 2MASS J21294944+1208269 RG* 21 29 49.4433661656 +12 08 26.918217096   16.36 15.38     ~ 7 0
37 NGC 7078 144 RG* 21 29 49.7866647864 +12 11 05.792758584   14.40 13.06     ~ 68 0
38 2MASS J21294979+1212298 RG* 21 29 49.7955085944 +12 12 29.867013036   16.24 15.36     ~ 8 0
39 NGC 7078 153 RG* 21 29 49.9216886952 +12 18 12.149200872   16.23 15.48     F5 18 0
40 NGC 7078 146 RG* 21 29 49.9321819200 +12 08 05.236204920   14.26 13.29   12.13 ~ 45 0
41 2MASS J21295013+1207521 RG* 21 29 50.1269803416 +12 07 52.093948980   15.54 14.84   13.86 ~ 10 0
42 2MASS J21295016+1206406 RG* 21 29 50.1597515832 +12 06 40.665062916   16.11 15.25     ~ 15 0
43 2MASS J21295028+1209027 AB* 21 29 50.2792527888 +12 09 02.712570804   14.70 13.94   12.98 ~ 22 0
44 2MASS J21295188+1206388 RG* 21 29 51.8832277104 +12 06 38.894795856   16.06 15.17     ~ 8 0
45 2MASS J21295231+1210515 RG* 21 29 52.3090473936 +12 10 51.456694296   14.59 13.39     ~ 13 0
46 2MASS J21295231+1219397 RG* 21 29 52.3115931936 +12 19 39.695029896   16.35 15.46     F2 9 0
47 NGC 7078 238 RG* 21 29 52.6401746808 +12 10 43.971556296   14.52 13.24     ~ 23 0
48 NGC 7078 255 RG* 21 29 53.1138013056 +12 12 31.075871364   14.816 13.766 13.415   ~ 43 0
49 NGC 7078 260 HB* 21 29 53.3049961944 +12 09 33.980778144   14.79 13.99     ~ 26 0
50 2MASS J21295357+1209106 RG* 21 29 53.5703558280 +12 09 10.603915488   14.67 13.48     ~ 16 0
51 NGC 7078 288 RG* 21 29 53.7891591120 +12 10 20.309379168   14.34 13.40   12.29 ~ 29 0
52 2MASS J21295473+1208592 RG* 21 29 54.7255414560 +12 08 59.218955088   14.86 13.70     ~ 9 0
53 NGC 7078 341 RG* 21 29 54.9258244080 +12 13 22.484816292   13.72 12.54   11.22 ~ 61 0
54 NGC 7078 337 RG* 21 29 55.0494751152 +12 02 48.463523232   15.75 14.76     ~ 25 0
55 NGC 7078 361 RG* 21 29 55.2869354299 +12 09 13.690472696   14.97 13.96     ~ 6 0
56 NGC 7078 393 RG* 21 29 55.7238622704 +12 11 33.782633664   14.46 13.25     ~ 18 0
57 2MASS J21295618+1210179 RG* 21 29 56.1791460960 +12 10 17.932968768   13.92 12.72     ~ 18 0
58 NGC 7078 431 RG* 21 29 56.1807152208 +12 12 33.705816948   13.83 12.73   11.51 ~ 48 0
59 2MASS J21295645+1210294 RG* 21 29 56.452 +12 10 29.42   14.32 13.25     ~ 7 0
60 NGC 7078 462 RG* 21 29 56.6627934840 +12 09 46.341312228   14.45 12.90     ~ 40 0
61 NGC 7078 476 RG* 21 29 56.7177564696 +12 13 10.493446584   15.11 14.33   13.36 ~ 29 0
62 2MASS J21295678+1210269 AB* 21 29 56.7771862968 +12 10 26.945682140   13.99 12.68     ~ 33 0
63 2MASS J21295694+1208446 RG* 21 29 56.9395275168 +12 08 44.645022024   15.25 14.38     ~ 6 0
64 NGC 7078 506 RG* 21 29 57.4220220240 +12 08 21.463973916   15.27 14.42   13.45 ~ 23 0
65 2MASS J21295802+1211541 RG* 21 29 58.0245589176 +12 11 54.156383124   16.00 15.10     ~ 9 0
66 2MASS J21295815+1209466 RG* 21 29 58.155 +12 09 46.70   14.55 13.24     ~ 6 0
67 2MASS J21295832+1209128 RG* 21 29 58.3161674352 +12 09 12.873760380   14.46 13.25     ~ 8 0
68 M 15 GlC 21 29 58.33 +12 10 01.2           ~ 3274 0
69 NGC 7078 583 RG* 21 29 58.5643129152 +12 09 21.382732260   14.26 12.83     ~ 34 0
70 NGC 7078 582 HB* 21 29 58.5935802120 +12 08 07.940657544   15.32 14.48     ~ 18 0
71 2MASS J21295937+1210029 RG* 21 29 59.372 +12 10 02.95   14.54 13.50     ~ 8 0
72 2MASS J21295945+1208355 RG* 21 29 59.4576356880 +12 08 35.419226172   14.79 13.60     ~ 8 0
73 2MASS J21295953+1211525 RG* 21 29 59.5294469976 +12 11 52.534188384   16.06 15.16     ~ 3 0
74 2MASS J21295981+1211107 RG* 21 29 59.8148607216 +12 11 10.669855488   14.84 13.84     ~ 12 0
75 2MASS J21295999+1206265 RG* 21 29 59.9875987080 +12 06 26.519895036   15.82 15.00     ~ 8 0
76 2MASS J21300003+1213395 RG* 21 30 00.0333647472 +12 13 39.490847184   15.24 14.44   13.45 ~ 11 0
77 NGC 7078 702 RG* 21 30 00.3378196872 +12 10 50.879895708   13.83 12.68   11.52 ~ 31 0
78 NGC 7078 709 RG* 21 30 00.3784720392 +12 07 36.302172456   14.45 13.33   12.18 ~ 40 0
79 2MASS J21300062+1209284 RG* 21 30 00.6240260256 +12 09 28.406990520   15.099 14.070     ~ 11 0
80 2MASS J21300090+1208571 RG* 21 30 00.9013777728 +12 08 57.080615748   14.319 12.874     ~ 43 0
81 2MASS J21300165+1212302 RG* 21 30 01.6473248064 +12 12 30.121143984   16.23 15.12     ~ 4 0
82 NGC 7078 825 RG* 21 30 02.2438203288 +12 11 21.492968820   13.62 12.38   11.05 ~ 57 0
83 NGC 7078 853 RG* 21 30 02.7380076312 +12 10 43.803937992   14.27 12.88     ~ 33 0
84 2MASS J21300277+1206557 RG* 21 30 02.7740085432 +12 06 55.714408092   15.055 13.997     ~ 27 0
85 2MASS J21300309+1210217 RG* 21 30 03.0921457992 +12 10 21.738759600   15.72 14.70     ~ 5 0
86 NGC 7078 875 RG* 21 30 03.1684811400 +12 13 28.694109072   14.61 13.78   12.74 ~ 35 0
87 NGC 7078 879 RG* 21 30 03.4927008240 +12 03 12.424486572   15.22 14.16     ~ 21 0
88 2MASS J21300400+1208577 RG* 21 30 03.9992895984 +12 08 57.750095184   15.90 14.84     ~ 7 0
89 2MASS J21300409+1207270 RG* 21 30 04.0906959576 +12 07 27.096138444   16.24 15.37     ~ 8 0
90 NGC 7078 919 RG* 21 30 04.3163630664 +12 10 56.069295024   14.80 13.60     ~ 20 0
91 2MASS J21300462+1208537 RG* 21 30 04.6161635424 +12 08 53.680746948   15.61 14.62     ~ 7 0
92 2MASS J21300465+1207404 RG* 21 30 04.6488352920 +12 07 40.425692988   15.89 15.18     ~ 9 0
93 2MASS J21300474+1211102 RG* 21 30 04.7435386536 +12 11 10.203719064   15.14 14.09     ~ 6 0
94 NGC 7078 947 RG* 21 30 05.1734951160 +12 13 20.296681716   15.26 14.29     ~ 24 0
95 NGC 7078 954 RG* 21 30 05.5343369424 +12 08 55.289439060   15.32 14.33     ~ 29 0
96 NGC 7078 969 RG* 21 30 06.3703149048 +12 06 59.208726276   14.61 13.45     ~ 46 0
97 NGC 7078 979 HB* 21 30 06.9605606664 +12 07 46.457124852   15.09 14.23     ~ 28 0
98 2MASS J21300730+1210506 RG* 21 30 07.3003358040 +12 10 50.637042732   16.02 15.13     ~ 12 0
99 NGC 7078 993 RG* 21 30 07.3932186120 +12 10 32.999266704   15.059 14.024     ~ 31 0
100 2MASS J21300841+1209421 RG* 21 30 08.4143054712 +12 09 42.104899440   15.88 14.97     ~ 10 0
101 NGC 7078 1014 RG* 21 30 08.9457077304 +12 08 49.007460156   15.666 14.716     ~ 24 0
102 NGC 7078 1029 RG* 21 30 09.7110180216 +12 13 42.375311436   14.74 13.56     ~ 19 0
103 NGC 7078 1030 RG* 21 30 09.7808948256 +12 12 54.405813780   15.17 14.14     ~ 29 0
104 NGC 7078 1033 RG* 21 30 09.8846232528 +12 10 52.426705836   15.41 14.44     ~ 24 0
105 NGC 7078 1040 RG* 21 30 10.4925860208 +12 10 06.166627896   14.60 13.40     ~ 55 0
106 NGC 7078 1049 RG* 21 30 11.3052860400 +12 01 48.413230572   15.53 14.56     ~ 17 0
107 NGC 7078 1054 RG* 21 30 11.3781929832 +12 08 41.176690944   15.19 14.20     ~ 20 0
108 NGC 7078 1056 RG* 21 30 11.6927806200 +12 10 33.656464560   15.71 14.79     ~ 24 0
109 NGC 7078 1069 RG* 21 30 14.2622847840 +12 09 23.444658720   15.42 14.60     ~ 24 0
110 NGC 7078 1073 RG* 21 30 14.9484664368 +12 10 20.740349928   15.19 14.18     ~ 25 0
111 2MASS J21301522+1211345 RG* 21 30 15.2300985504 +12 11 34.555574328   16.22 15.26     ~ 8 0
112 NGC 7078 1079 RG* 21 30 15.6564387408 +12 08 22.999502976   15.126 14.089     ~ 47 0
113 NGC 7078 1083 RG* 21 30 15.7811907648 +12 16 59.628619452   16.19 15.43     ~ 16 0
114 NGC 7078 1084 RG* 21 30 16.0618679064 +12 13 34.309300512   15.39 14.42     ~ 28 0
115 NGC 7078 1097 RG* 21 30 21.0362411544 +12 13 00.809509656   16.21 15.41     ~ 16 0
116 NGC 7078 1106 RG* 21 30 22.7136925296 +12 17 59.629153956   15.54 14.71     ~ 20 0
117 NGC 7078 1136 RG* 21 30 31.7757975552 +12 08 54.810812652   15.70 14.87     ~ 26 0
118 2MASS J21304412+1211226 RG* 21 30 44.1330886248 +12 11 22.594343928   14.80 13.69     ~ 26 0
119 Cl* NGC 7078 CUD 35 HB* 21 30 49.2863171064 +12 07 31.285500780   15.77 15.14     F5 16 0

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