2008AJ....135.2177L

Query : 2008AJ....135.2177L

2008AJ....135.2177L - Astron. J., 135, 2177-2193 (2008/June-0)

New high proper motion stars from the Digitized Sky Survey. IV. Completion of the southern survey and 170 additional stars with µ>0.45"/yr.

LEPINE S.

Abstract (from CDS):

Completion of the SUPERBLINK proper motion survey in the southern celestial hemisphere has turned up 170 new stars with proper motion 0.45'/yr < µ < 2.0'/yr. This fourth and final installment completes the all-sky, data mining of the Digitized Sky Surveys for stars with large proper motions. The areas investigated in this final installment comprise 11,600/deg2 in the declination (decl.) range -30°< decl. <0° and in low Galactic latitude areas south of decl. = -30° which had not been covered in earlier data releases. Astrometric and photometric data are provided for the 170 new stars, along with finder charts. Most of the new discoveries are found in densely populated fields along the Milky Way, toward the Galactic bulge/center. The list of new discoveries includes four stars with proper motion µ > 1.0'/yr. The total list of high proper motion stars recovered by SUPERBLINK in the southern sky now includes 2228 stars with proper motions 0.45'/yr < µ < 2.0'/yr.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): astrometry - binaries: visual - solar neighborhood - stars: kinematics - surveys - white dwarfs

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/AJ/135/2177): table1.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 1: PM JHHMMm+DDMMW N=170 added.

Simbad objects: 191

goto Full paper

goto View the references in ADS

Number of rows : 191
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 G 267-73 PM* 00 19 47.2902591635 -34 51 54.452601245   16.6       ~ 4 0
2 PM J00432-6310 PM* 00 43 15.4446115156 -63 10 41.495195652     14.82     ~ 3 0
3 PM J00513-0930 PM* 00 51 23.1213677594 -09 30 06.530921106     19.55     ~ 2 0
4 PM J00532-1542 PM* 00 53 17.8501935282 -15 42 39.510130347     16.96     ~ 1 0
5 PM J00591-0038 LM* 00 59 10.6181658024 -00 38 50.605539996     18.80     M1V 5 0
6 [OHD2001] WD J0100-645 WD* 01 00 50.3029979419 -64 29 12.261306792     17.58     DA 15 0
7 [OHD2001] WD J0205-053 WD* 02 05 11.6111375077 -05 17 54.293269391     18.90     DC 24 0
8 PM J02124-2703 PM* 02 12 29.783 -27 03 38.89     19.54     ~ 1 0
9 PM J02289-0439 LM* 02 28 55.3031483985 -04 39 44.574374605     18.88     sdM2 3 0
10 PM J02560-0813 PM* 02 56 02.3697590131 -08 13 14.482699917     19.93     ~ 5 0
11 PM J02583-2153 PM* 02 58 19.8826113028 -21 53 24.262226525     19.59     ~ 4 0
12 PM J02597-0913 ** 02 59 47.9151423068 -09 13 11.602584276     15.19 14.28   dM4.0 9 0
13 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
14 PM J03588-1515 PM* 03 58 50.4540312620 -15 15 07.293222022     19.80     ~ 4 0
15 APMPM J0413-3729 PM* 04 13 23.3166714752 -37 28 55.733605719   15.66       ~ 6 0
16 2MASSI J0417374-080000 LM* 04 17 37.4940595719 -08 00 00.601208406           M7.5V 24 0
17 PM J04210-0625 PM* 04 21 01.0405372580 -06 25 45.905622424     19.83     ~ 4 0
18 SIPS J0426-3612 PM* 04 26 58.7172001120 -36 12 43.561716815     16.20     ~ 7 0
19 PM J04354-3422 PM* 04 35 29.0709146478 -34 22 06.800659388     13.603 13.305   M3.5 8 0
20 PM J05002-1000 PM* 05 00 13.6607544739 -10 00 57.640616162     15.42     esdM2.0 7 0
21 PM J05030-6311 PM* 05 03 03.6987962100 -63 11 06.246373580     17.93     ~ 4 0
22 PM J05127-0214 PM* 05 12 44.7535743515 -02 14 16.290256341     19.34     ~ 2 0
23 PM J05208-3518 ** 05 20 52.298 -35 18 15.72   15.43 14.11 13.07 11.447 ~ 9 0
24 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
25 PM J05334-7110 PM* 05 33 28.5707892731 -71 10 21.058245062         15.612 ~ 4 1
26 PM J05338-3234 WD* 05 33 51.9001192278 -32 34 27.942131288     19.55     DA: 7 0
27 SIPS J0605-3354 PM* 06 05 13.0794266627 -33 54 15.638953282     18.62     ~ 5 0
28 PM J06107-3346 PM* 06 10 45.0396926338 -33 46 22.416625847     17.09     ~ 10 0
29 SIPS J0614-6158 PM* 06 14 57.7044996148 -61 58 56.873639061     18.10     ~ 7 0
30 PM J06157-1247 PM* 06 15 43.6003948761 -12 47 22.453475044     19.55     ~ 6 0
31 PM J06256-0715 PM* 06 25 39.5704318394 -07 15 31.618574583     15.83     ~ 4 0
32 PM J06411-0432 WD* 06 41 11.9252216073 -04 32 12.308572921     17.27     DC 11 0
33 PM J07063-0151 PM* 07 06 20.5158840983 -01 51 34.179515373     18.73     dM4.5 5 0
34 PM J07177-1004 PM* 07 17 42.6516902592 -10 04 50.419618823     18.23     ~ 7 0
35 PM J07245-1338 WD* 07 24 34.9643669893 -13 38 28.379287496     17.31     DA 10 0
36 PM J07530-1447 PM* 07 53 05.9066169839 -14 47 11.827895384     16.23     ~ 4 0
37 PM J07534-1142 PM* 07 53 26.1407099970 -11 42 00.437360548     17.09     ~ 3 0
38 PM J08089-2649 PM* 08 08 55.1557552672 -26 49 39.844667308     15.55     ~ 4 0
39 PM J08117-1155 PM* 08 11 45.0755955723 -11 55 07.079916200     15.48     ~ 4 0
40 PM J08555-0833 WD* 08 55 34.7190168314 -08 33 45.335029756     18.04     DC 10 0
41 PM J09248-4915 WD* 09 24 49.0501088751 -49 15 29.602003158     16.45     DC: 11 0
42 PM J10573-2411 LM* 10 57 20.8775732224 -24 11 05.748186162     19.43     ~ 6 0
43 PM J11088-0655 WD* 11 08 53.1629707395 -06 55 27.956784163     19.32     DC: 7 0
44 UCAC3 174-124984 PM* 11 37 16.6047338029 -03 17 36.665196143       15.17   ~ 9 0
45 PM J11425-8515 WD* 11 42 32.9277974032 -85 15 45.141364554     18.45     DC: 7 0
46 SSSPM J1148-7458 WD* 11 47 34.4522185182 -74 57 59.238963762           DC11+ 16 0
47 2MASS J12270506-0447207 LM* 12 27 05.0420422664 -04 47 20.586277706       18.48 16.63 usdM8.5 8 0
48 PM J12445-1306S PM* 12 44 31.6790290567 -13 06 26.521053730     15.14     ~ 2 0
49 PM J12445-1306N PM* 12 44 32.0434779806 -13 06 17.792741256     14.56     ~ 2 0
50 PM J12552-5928 PM* 12 55 12.1420576018 -59 28 17.111186831     17.58     ~ 11 0
51 NAME Kelu-1 BD* 13 05 40.1642434199 -25 41 05.712165150         16.85 L2+L3.5 267 0
52 PM J13058-7218 PM* 13 05 51.7292340830 -72 18 08.332374793     17.21     ~ 5 0
53 PM J13108-7107 PM* 13 10 52.0182557571 -71 07 10.686046504     14.88     ~ 8 0
54 PM J13126-6408 ** 13 12 40.769304 -64 08 31.37604     15.98   14.96 ~ 1 0
55 PM J13174-5438 WD* 13 17 27.3860421251 -54 38 08.274644087     16.36     DA 12 0
56 PM J13240-2153 WD* 13 24 02.4717834154 -21 53 03.832700681     19.80     DA: 7 0
57 PM J13265-1558 WD* 13 26 31.7980109910 -15 58 47.849424980     18.17     DA 10 0
58 PM J13306-2039 PM* 13 30 40.9483619525 -20 39 03.745166259   14.046 12.432 12.143   dM4.0 20 0
59 PM J13317-6305 PM* 13 31 47.3511981275 -63 05 06.148800832     17.20     ~ 1 0
60 PM J13332-6751 WD* 13 33 14.5970390470 -67 51 17.194209598     17.24     DZ 12 0
61 PM J13334-1503 PM* 13 33 25.3619770634 -15 03 39.785047180     18.20     ~ 6 0
62 PM J13341-7121 PM* 13 34 11.4943226171 -71 21 51.253686014     14.75     ~ 8 0
63 PM J13351-1037 PM* 13 35 10.57272 -10 37 06.5136     19.63     ~ 1 0
64 PM J13506-6847 PM* 13 50 39.1324494984 -68 47 16.881255009     13.91     ~ 3 0
65 SSSPM J1358-3938 PM* 13 58 05.4054355124 -39 37 55.135491921   20.20       ~ 15 0
66 PM J14223-7023 PM* 14 22 19.4744512701 -70 23 37.010844372     15.17     M5 15 0
67 PM J14309-6728 PM* 14 30 56.5830602709 -67 28 43.280387481     16.63     ~ 6 0
68 PM J14460-1518 LM* 14 46 02.2565622125 -15 18 15.335416802     19.76     ~ 6 0
69 PM J14521-7157 PM* 14 52 06.0821256284 -71 57 45.037706364     16.77     ~ 5 0
70 PM J14537-4820 PM* 14 53 43.3040226044 -48 20 44.387155924     17.50     ~ 1 0
71 PM J15066-4230 PM* 15 06 41.5441772122 -42 30 55.092030594     17.66     ~ 8 0
72 PM J15144-5753 PM* 15 14 29.6813300397 -57 53 19.814173065     11.34     ~ 4 0
73 PM J15181-6058 PM* 15 18 07.4707617080 -60 58 05.884542119     14.20     ~ 4 0
74 PM J15217-2713 LM* 15 21 46.1351638845 -27 13 03.981435301     15.63     M3 6 0
75 APMPM J1523-0245 PM* 15 22 59.2928323335 -02 44 53.372236575     19.22     sdM6 10 0
76 SSSPM J1530-8146 PM* 15 30 28.7293278275 -81 45 37.406585891           sdM1.5 7 0
77 2MASS J15345704-1418486 LM* 15 34 56.9323418001 -14 18 49.252078924           M8.6V 35 0
78 SSSPM J1549-3544 WD* 15 48 40.1716206759 -35 44 26.172479855           DC11 8 0
79 PM J15499-5524 PM* 15 49 54.7194414834 -55 24 58.667571581     16.41     ~ 4 0
80 PM J15562-2221 PM* 15 56 17.981880 -22 21 54.32724     15.26 15.70   ~ 4 0
81 PM J16006-1654 WD* 16 00 41.1376004603 -16 54 30.236054961     18.36     DC 10 0
82 PM J16230-6905 PM* 16 23 02.7525368290 -69 05 36.922711995     16.44     ~ 8 0
83 PM J16336-3713 WD* 16 33 37.0445810088 -37 13 14.278869486     16.18     DC 11 0
84 PM J16389-5555 PM* 16 38 58.3492479330 -55 55 06.173268308     15.93     ~ 2 0
85 PM J16507-2813 PM* 16 50 45.4090543099 -28 13 54.770274331     15.47     ~ 4 0
86 PM J16522-2237 PM* 16 52 13.9474889155 -22 37 26.593006252     15.53     ~ 3 0
87 PM J16527-2913 PM* 16 52 43.2298154441 -29 13 05.222843733     16.56     ~ 3 0
88 PM J16585-1016 PM* 16 58 32.4999523176 -10 16 53.328042332     19.48     ~ 3 0
89 PM J17004-2207 PM* 17 00 27.9723919921 -22 07 45.782801353     15.00     ~ 7 0
90 PM J17020-3835 PM* 17 02 01.4534055227 -38 35 56.248465315     17.13     ~ 1 0
91 PM J17032-3104 PM* 17 03 14.2025371164 -31 04 52.200045153     15.75     ~ 1 0
92 PM J17042-3639 PM* 17 04 16.7235665079 -36 39 51.313138551     15.51     ~ 3 0
93 PM J17044-2154 PM* 17 04 29.7002869389 -21 54 08.958698364     16.18     ~ 2 0
94 PM J17046-1257 PM* 17 04 40.8341346296 -12 57 11.264509810     16.49     ~ 1 0
95 PM J17049-0257 WD* 17 04 57.2300973504 -02 57 04.609736196     15.95     DA 11 0
96 PM J17059-2030 PM* 17 05 54.9604730618 -20 30 50.572631261     16.56     ~ 3 0
97 PM J17076-2502 PM* 17 07 36.1059178985 -25 02 32.856376298     14.85     ~ 5 0
98 PM J17082-3436 PM* 17 08 14.8020103759 -34 36 22.626093162     14.20     ~ 6 0
99 PM J17084-2209W PM* 17 08 25.5519013634 -22 09 24.564393870     16.80     ~ 4 0
100 PM J17084-2209E PM* 17 08 25.7716669157 -22 09 27.304947342     16.78     ~ 2 0
101 PM J17088-2105 PM* 17 08 51.8016204887 -21 05 15.882200845     16.82     ~ 5 0
102 PM J17105-3440 PM* 17 10 30.3436946153 -34 40 17.426041754     18.19     ~ 3 0
103 PM J17118-1335 PM* 17 11 52.6398850430 -13 35 36.120415144     14.63     ~ 5 0
104 PM J17137-4535 PM* 17 13 43.5999421539 -45 35 56.834641487     16.86     sdM0? 3 0
105 PM J17140-2728 PM* 17 14 04.4675547967 -27 28 38.651156361     17.81     ~ 1 0
106 PM J17182-1019 PM* 17 18 12.6700453760 -10 19 29.145085915     17.31     ~ 5 0
107 PM J17189-4131 PM* 17 18 54.5503395450 -41 31 40.078732659     15.94     dM6.5 17 0
108 PM J17195-1230 PM* 17 19 32.7625947202 -12 30 03.941873018     15.56     ~ 5 0
109 PM J17224-1938 PM* 17 22 26.7926040651 -19 38 21.356891719     15.76     ~ 5 0
110 PM J17238-3541 PM* 17 23 51.1197133520 -35 41 10.162009293     14.63     ~ 4 0
111 PM J17265-2342 PM* 17 26 31.8006755807 -23 42 53.340142815     17.30     ~ 1 0
112 PM J17265-5102 PM* 17 26 34.0324525471 -51 02 48.576602665     14.61     ~ 5 0
113 PM J17273-4851 PM* 17 27 20.1152196790 -48 51 59.957607837     14.83     ~ 1 0
114 PM J17324-4239 PM* 17 32 29.1132131047 -42 39 28.370227214     15.02     ~ 2 0
115 PM J17364-3605 PM* 17 36 27.2674181071 -36 05 47.527588463     13.60     ~ 4 0
116 PM J17386-3427 PM* 17 38 37.1968659954 -34 27 30.779292152     15.20     ~ 5 0
117 PM J17394-2327 PM* 17 39 24.3549364394 -23 27 07.189617563     15.77     M5 9 0
118 PM J17436-2303 PM* 17 43 37.2899075370 -23 03 59.591343259     15.72     ~ 2 0
119 PM J17444-2044 PM* 17 44 29.2641055996 -20 44 49.281681294     15.47     ~ 5 0
120 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
121 PM J17468-0346 PM* 17 46 50.7975641843 -03 46 10.309861916     17.61     ~ 3 0
122 PM J17476-5436 WD* 17 47 36.8154520387 -54 36 31.163001686     15.52     DC 18 0
123 PM J17480-5043 PM* 17 48 02.9931983778 -50 43 41.786759307     16.38     ~ 3 0
124 PM J17489-4002 PM* 17 48 55.8488960855 -40 02 21.629024022     14.50     ~ 3 0
125 PM J17509-2734 PM* 17 50 54.6503931071 -27 34 34.050518393     14.49     ~ 3 0
126 PM J17521-3916 PM* 17 52 11.0552456413 -39 16 54.374698564     15.34     ~ 4 0
127 PM J17525-0248 PM* 17 52 33.7742260868 -02 48 39.628429274     15.77     ~ 4 0
128 L 559-194 PM* 17 54 02.9915693262 -34 40 18.154206736   15.16 13.568 13.184   M3.5V 13 0
129 PM J17595-1755 PM* 17 59 32.5672487632 -17 55 36.348951160     14.76     ~ 3 0
130 PM J18018-2706 PM* 18 01 52.6618223231 -27 06 54.379602473     14.82     ~ 8 0
131 PM J18044-1005 PM* 18 04 28.1191546337 -10 05 28.643400604     15.94     ~ 4 0
132 PM J18063-1913 PM* 18 06 18.0818836921 -19 13 29.111303332     15.91     ~ 2 0
133 PM J18087-2632 PM* 18 08 47.5345581106 -26 32 39.766155560     13.87     ~ 9 0
134 PM J18088-7042 PM* 18 08 53.8029452184 -70 42 25.897162824     17.43     ~ 1 0
135 PM J18094-4104 PM* 18 09 24.6010713375 -41 04 35.751392516     15.36     ~ 3 0
136 PM J18095-3012 PM* 18 09 30.4203603664 -30 12 20.910953604     13.19     ~ 4 0
137 PM J18106-0650 PM* 18 10 40.2693059321 -06 50 54.149207124     15.08     ~ 2 0
138 PM J18118-1419 PM* 18 11 47.9908152320 -14 19 30.018411461     18.54     ~ 1 0
139 PM J18177-1302 PM* 18 17 45.8109656430 -13 02 45.207746781     17.40     ~ 1 0
140 PM J18200-3828 PM* 18 20 02.9661784902 -38 28 22.266149345     14.76     ~ 5 0
141 PM J18244-2521 PM* 18 24 29.7044755796 -25 21 09.544131647     14.81     ~ 5 0
142 PM J18265-1923 PM* 18 26 31.5943309692 -19 23 30.824124615     13.71 13.741   ~ 8 0
143 PM J18292-3059S PM* 18 29 16.7127692945 -30 59 55.858126025           ~ 5 0
144 PM J18292-3059N PM* 18 29 16.9072011479 -30 59 49.112096582           ~ 6 0
145 PM J18310-2939 PM* 18 31 05.0254780377 -29 39 41.730881302     14.00     ~ 5 0
146 PM J18429-1639 PM* 18 42 56.3548075500 -16 39 21.826716669     16.26     ~ 4 0
147 PM J18456-2337 PM* 18 45 37.4189690685 -23 37 49.628038609     15.90 15.730   ~ 6 0
148 PM J18530-1533 PM* 18 53 04.5573776585 -15 33 04.059201903     15.06     ~ 4 0
149 PM J18533-2556 PM* 18 53 19.9065848383 -25 56 44.633211086     19.24     ~ 1 0
150 PM J18536-2305 PM* 18 53 40.1122658740 -23 05 27.572095531     17.30     ~ 1 0
151 PM J19068-2414 PM* 19 06 49.5024906477 -24 14 42.966778104     16.62     ~ 3 0
152 PM J19072-1931 PM* 19 07 16.5658778199 -19 31 51.643147137     17.26     ~ 1 0
153 PM J19131-1151 PM* 19 13 07.3639397472 -11 51 43.904379158     14.99     ~ 3 0
154 PM J19163-2322 PM* 19 16 23.2710019436 -23 22 33.315363149     15.47 13.82   M4.0 7 0
155 PM J19316-0658 PM* 19 31 38.6828992166 -06 58 25.704651380     13.140 12.943   M2.5V 17 0
156 PM J19334-1434 PM* 19 33 29.3683434636 -14 34 48.912771236     13.22     ~ 3 0
157 PM J19350-0725 PM* 19 35 01.5389726238 -07 25 28.207660843     16.09     ~ 4 0
158 PM J19394-1016 PM* 19 39 24.3206634527 -10 16 50.699207007     17.58     ~ 2 0
159 PM J19418-0208 LM* 19 41 52.9264277257 -02 08 45.938650623     17.49     sdM8 5 0
160 PM J19427-1723 PM* 19 42 43.2176787011 -17 23 24.339204010     13.59 14.271   M4.0 10 0
161 PM J19428-0304 PM* 19 42 48.0342683325 -03 04 32.678700426     17.59     ~ 3 0
162 PM J19484-5101 PM* 19 48 28.2067251670 -51 01 30.434304926     17.20     ~ 5 0
163 PM J19578-2513 PM* 19 57 52.3433773989 -25 13 32.979831779     18.39     ~ 1 0
164 [LM84] 4-72 PM* 20 07 55.2396075753 -42 05 14.655093704     14.63 14.063   M 12 0
165 PM J20138-0216 PM* 20 13 52.5414880557 -02 16 20.588426520     17.92     ~ 4 0
166 PM J20205-4202 WD* 20 20 30.9286101620 -42 02 56.735285631     16.52     DQ 12 0
167 PM J20271-4421 PM* 20 27 07.0646794322 -44 21 29.504964084   15.930 14.40     ~ 6 0
168 PM J20278-4301 WD* 20 27 49.5362153298 -43 01 15.210879691     17.35     DC: 10 0
169 PM J20289-5004 PM* 20 28 58.5222825342 -50 04 17.869976052     13.92     ~ 4 0
170 SIPS J2033-3735 PM* 20 33 33.4394517418 -37 35 43.065832046     18.29     ~ 6 0
171 PM J20347-3630 PM* 20 34 42.8331740794 -36 30 56.538073294     16.40     ~ 5 0
172 PM J20348-6347 PM* 20 34 52.9147348984 -63 47 45.983933679     13.40 13.07   ~ 7 0
173 PM J20457-1411 LM* 20 45 43.0300496602 -14 11 31.799088964     19.12     usdM5 6 0
174 PM J20457-3013 PM* 20 45 47.73288 -30 13 25.2408     16.93 15.62   M5.5 4 0
175 PM J20502-3424 PM* 20 50 16.1598758167 -34 24 42.598806960     13.88 13.290   M5e 26 0
176 PM J20589-3457 PM* 20 58 58.4999881667 -34 57 09.911393836   15.52 14.24 14.00   ~ 3 0
177 PM J21023-6046 PM* 21 02 22.1255360282 -60 46 17.947229292     18.68     ~ 2 0
178 SIPS J2107-3357 PM* 21 07 24.7503129138 -33 57 33.593558163   19.9   17.15   M5.5 14 0
179 PM J21163-3303 PM* 21 16 18.4107283658 -33 03 48.113120102     17.00     ~ 5 0
180 PM J21340-1413 PM* 21 34 02.4162406411 -14 13 43.248022999     19.54     ~ 5 0
181 PM J21349-0500 WD* 21 34 56.6674007108 -05 00 57.088977726     17.77     DA 9 0
182 PM J21356-3448 PM* 21 35 38.4589948840 -34 48 45.201763174     14.93     ~ 5 0
183 PM J21375-1014 PM* 21 37 31.1893049245 -10 14 25.751631544   16.46 14.80 14.72   M4.0 8 0
184 PM J22033-2359 PM* 22 03 22.3670389551 -23 59 45.259656171     17.76     ~ 7 0
185 SSSPM J2231-7515 WD* 22 30 33.5339081384 -75 15 24.304628824       16.17 15.51 DC12 34 1
186 SSSPM J2231-7514 WD* 22 30 39.9813622429 -75 13 55.234553688       15.924 15.33 DC9 36 1
187 SIPS J2303-2809 PM* 23 03 32.2889818283 -28 09 26.266084548     18.78     ~ 6 0
188 PM J23187-3135 WD* 23 18 44.6402908825 -31 35 01.391190966     18.37     DC: 7 0
189 PM J23440-8246 ** 23 44 03.67584 -82 46 56.2908     16.92     ~ 1 0
190 [OHD2001] WD J2346-478 WD* 23 46 02.9414351728 -47 51 02.289698531     17.95     DA 13 0
191 NAME Galactic Bulge reg ~ ~           ~ 4794 0

To bookmark this query, right click on this link: simbad:objects in 2008AJ....135.2177L and select 'bookmark this link' or equivalent in the popup menu