2008ApJ...673..331G

Query : 2008ApJ...673..331G

2008ApJ...673..331G - Astrophys. J., 673, 331-353 (2008/January-3)

The stellar population and origin of the mysterious high-latitude star-forming cloud CG 12.

GETMAN K.V., FEIGELSON E.D., LAWSON W.A., BROOS P.S. and GARMIRE G.P.

Abstract (from CDS):

The mysterious high Galactic latitude cometary globule CG 12 has been observed with the ACIS detector on board the Chandra X-Ray Observatory. We detect 128 X-ray sources, of which half are likely young stars formed within the globule's head. This new population of ≳50 T Tauri stars and one new embedded protostar is far larger than the previously reported few intermediate-mass and two protostellar members of the cloud. Most of the newly discovered stars have masses 0.2-0.7 M☉, and 9%-15% have K-band excesses from inner protoplanetary disks. X-ray properties provide an independent distance estimate consistent with CG 12's unusual location ≳200 pc above the Galactic plane. The star formation efficiency in CG 12 appears to be 15%-35%, far above that seen in other triggered molecular globules. The median photometric age found for the T Tauri population assuming Siess et al. ((ref???)2000) isochrones is ∼4 Myr with a large spread of <1-20 Myr and ongoing star formation in the molecular cores. The stellar age and spatial distributions are inconsistent with a simple radiation-driven implosion (RDI) model and suggest either that CG 12 is an atypically large shocked globule or that it has been subject to several distinct episodes of triggering and ablation. We report a previously unnoticed group of B-type stars northwest of CG 12 that may be the remnants of an OB association that produced multiple supernova explosions that could have shocked and ablated the cloud over a 15-30 Myr period. HD 120958 (B3e), the most luminous member of the group, may be currently driving an RDI shock into the CG 12 cloud.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): ISM: H II Regions - ISM: Globules - open clusters and associations: individual (CG 12) - Stars: Formation - Stars: Pre-Main-Sequence - X-Rays: Stars

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/673/331): table2.dat table3.dat table4.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 2: [GFL2008] R NN N=93+14+9+12.

Simbad objects: 167

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Number of rows : 167
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 IC 1848 OpC 02 51 19.4 +60 25 32   6.87 6.5     ~ 522 2
2 ASR 106 Y*O 03 28 59.30640 +31 15 48.5172           K2.0 61 0
3 NGC 1333 OpC 03 29 09.2 +31 20 59           ~ 1575 1
4 NAME Tau-Aur Complex SFR 04 30 +25.0           ~ 1453 0
5 NAME Taurus Complex SFR 04 41.0 +25 52           ~ 4971 0
6 NAME Orion Nebula Cluster OpC 05 35.0 -05 29           ~ 2514 0
7 * sig Ori Y*O 05 38 44.7653828520 -02 36 00.283179888 2.54 3.58 3.79 3.87 4.11 O9.5V+B0.2V(n) 855 0
8 NAME Rosette Nebula HII 06 32 26.76 +04 47 37.1           ~ 522 1
9 NAME GUM Nebula ISM 07 43 -42.1           ~ 454 1
10 Ass Vel OB 2 As* 08 09 22.478 -47 21 03.46           ~ 307 0
11 * eta Cha Pu* 08 41 19.5125857944 -78 57 48.105898056 5.02 5.351 5.453     B8V 246 0
12 Cl Mamajek 1 OpC 08 42 32.9 -78 57 47           ~ 392 0
13 NGC 3372 HII 10 45 02.23 -59 41 59.8           ~ 1071 2
14 V* TW Hya TT* 11 01 51.9053285064 -34 42 17.033218380   11.94 10.50 10.626 9.18 K6Ve 2144 1
15 NAME Cha 1 MoC 11 06 48 -77 18.0           ~ 1266 1
16 IC 2944 OpC 11 38 20.00 -63 22 22.0           ~ 191 0
17 NAME Lower Centaurus Crux As* 12 19 -57.1           ~ 565 1
18 HD 119277 * 13 43 00.7194032592 -38 20 08.479381236   8.74 8.83     ApSi 14 0
19 HD 119338 * 13 43 25.2937935120 -38 15 23.544258480   8.80 8.91     B5V 27 0
20 HD 119484 * 13 44 13.4964713088 -38 46 29.583494940   9.31 9.37     B8IV/V 6 0
21 HD 119627 V* 13 45 00.7056238488 -38 28 52.450381272   8.90 8.94     B7IV/V 11 0
22 HD 120124 * 13 48 15.1107244416 -38 34 12.418701636   9.13 9.21     B8V 7 0
23 HD 120958 Be* 13 53 28.2273294048 -39 03 25.924356900 6.74 7.49 7.61     B3Vnne 39 0
24 [GFL2008] IV 1 X 13 55 42.112 -40 02 58.47           ~ 1 0
25 CXOU J135543.1-395930 Or* 13 55 43.1704664005 -39 59 30.770324251       18.98   ~ 2 0
26 2MASS J13554414-3958184 Or* 13 55 44.1448916952 -39 58 18.435172440     12.93 12.43   ~ 2 0
27 [GFL2008] III 1 X 13 55 45.243 -39 47 15.67           ~ 1 0
28 [GFL2008] IV 4 X 13 56 00.774 -40 00 40.90           ~ 1 0
29 [GFL2008] IV 5 X 13 56 08.759 -39 54 40.92           ~ 1 0
30 [GFL2008] III 2 X 13 56 09.277 -39 45 16.75           ~ 1 0
31 [GFL2008] III 3 X 13 56 12.239 -39 45 03.38           ~ 1 0
32 2MASS J13561764-3939181 Or* 13 56 17.6377888032 -39 39 18.245102256     17.53 14.33   ~ 4 0
33 [GFL2008] IV 6 X 13 56 28.529 -40 00 22.61           ~ 1 0
34 [GFL2008] III 5 X 13 56 28.828 -39 39 44.96           ~ 1 0
35 CXOU J135629.7-394000 PM* 13 56 29.9332514832 -39 40 00.844624488       18.98   ~ 1 0
36 [GFL2008] IV 7 X 13 56 32.731 -39 58 30.67           ~ 1 0
37 [GFL2008] IV 8 X 13 56 35.513 -39 56 47.62           ~ 1 0
38 [GFL2008] IV 9 X 13 56 37.932 -39 58 10.79           ~ 1 0
39 [GFL2008] IV 10 X 13 56 40.749 -40 07 10.29           ~ 1 0
40 CXOU J135644.4-400004 Or* 13 56 44.3987280287 -40 00 03.741213982       19.03   ~ 2 0
41 2MASS J13564584-3945510 Or* 13 56 45.8473326576 -39 45 51.170796720     16.72 16.87   ~ 2 0
42 2MASS J13564783-3944555 Or* 13 56 47.8327188600 -39 44 55.657807656     17.39 13.22   ~ 3 0
43 [GFL2008] II 1 X 13 56 50.791 -39 37 50.12           ~ 1 0
44 [GFL2008] III 9 X 13 56 53.626 -39 43 07.84       18.23   ~ 1 0
45 [GFL2008] I 1 X 13 56 57.019 -39 53 49.72           ~ 1 0
46 [GFL2008] I 2 X 13 57 02.110 -39 54 09.70           ~ 1 0
47 [GFL2008] I 3 X 13 57 03.914 -39 54 55.00           ~ 1 0
48 [GFL2008] I 4 X 13 57 04.651 -40 01 23.22           ~ 1 0
49 [GFL2008] IV 12 X 13 57 05.146 -40 03 51.50       18.97   ~ 1 0
50 2MASS J13570530-3946441 Or* 13 57 05.3046696096 -39 46 44.168666196     17.35 16.98   ~ 3 0
51 CXOU J135706.0-395822 Or* 13 57 06.0471294225 -39 58 22.785344695       18.72   ~ 2 0
52 [GFL2008] I 6 X 13 57 08.011 -39 58 21.96           ~ 1 0
53 [GFL2008] I 7 X 13 57 09.473 -40 01 42.74           ~ 1 0
54 [GFL2008] I 8 X 13 57 09.554 -40 05 28.45           ~ 1 0
55 2MASS J13571132-4002345 Or* 13 57 11.3272662528 -40 02 34.609185456     13.75 14.12   ~ 5 0
56 2MASS J13571203-4000504 Or* 13 57 12.0353899320 -40 00 50.496725988     15.57 15.78   ~ 5 0
57 [GFL2008] I 11 X 13 57 12.316 -40 00 26.55           ~ 1 0
58 [GFL2008] I 12 X 13 57 13.128 -40 07 54.76           ~ 1 0
59 [GFL2008] I 13 X 13 57 16.116 -40 00 00.87           ~ 1 0
60 [GFL2008] I 14 X 13 57 16.752 -39 52 34.28           ~ 1 0
61 [GFL2008] I 15 X 13 57 16.934 -40 00 49.76           ~ 1 0
62 [GFL2008] I 16 X 13 57 17.033 -39 56 57.13           ~ 1 0
63 2MASS J13571708-3957103 Or* 13 57 17.0907171408 -39 57 10.381065336     17.47 16.32   ~ 4 0
64 [GFL2008] I 18 X 13 57 17.707 -40 00 57.75           ~ 1 0
65 [GFL2008] I 19 X 13 57 19.530 -39 55 43.62           ~ 1 0
66 [GFL2008] I 20 X 13 57 19.806 -39 54 26.24           ~ 1 0
67 [GFL2008] I 21 X 13 57 21.597 -39 52 55.14           ~ 1 0
68 [GFL2008] I 22 X 13 57 22.995 -40 06 09.82           ~ 1 0
69 [GFL2008] II 3 X 13 57 23.054 -39 37 33.52           ~ 1 0
70 2MASS J13572321-3957498 Or* 13 57 23.2186719096 -39 57 49.952606148     16.93 16.93 15.04 ~ 3 0
71 [B77] 146 GNe 13 57.4 -39 56           ~ 4 0
72 [GFL2008] II 4 X 13 57 24.139 -39 51 12.65           ~ 1 0
73 [GFL2008] I 24 X 13 57 24.230 -40 01 12.34           ~ 1 0
74 [GFL2008] I 25 X 13 57 24.840 -39 55 12.04           ~ 1 0
75 HD 121616 Or* 13 57 24.9238393752 -39 35 49.199565336   9.65 9.48 9.39   A5V 7 0
76 2MASS J13572565-3956081 Or* 13 57 25.6525237992 -39 56 08.243893716           ~ 2 0
77 NGC 5367 7 Or* 13 57 25.8395600928 -39 58 37.260821892 14.13 13.95 13.31 13.40 12.62 F4 6 0
78 [GFL2008] I 28 X 13 57 25.963 -39 53 03.06           ~ 1 0
79 2MASS J13572601-3956271 Or* 13 57 26.0154665856 -39 56 27.224279196       18.29 16.71 ~ 3 0
80 [GFL2008] I 30 X 13 57 26.935 -40 04 59.40           ~ 1 0
81 [GFL2008] I 31 X 13 57 27.303 -39 57 14.88           ~ 1 0
82 [GFL2008] I 32 X 13 57 27.528 -40 00 32.11           ~ 1 0
83 [GFL2008] I 33 X 13 57 27.845 -39 56 02.58           ~ 1 0
84 [GFL2008] I 34 X 13 57 28.008 -40 08 45.97           ~ 1 0
85 [GFL2008] I 35 X 13 57 28.5332103432 -40 05 01.987650312     17.85 16.55   ~ 1 0
86 MBM 112 MoC 13 57.5 -39 51           ~ 3 0
87 2MASS J13573216-3958363 Or* 13 57 32.1763277592 -39 58 36.475411872     18.70 17.30 16.11 ~ 3 0
88 [GFL2008] II 6 X 13 57 33.009 -39 46 52.47           ~ 1 0
89 [GFL2008] I 37 X 13 57 33.026 -39 57 52.68           ~ 1 0
90 [GFL2008] I 38 X 13 57 34.108 -40 03 00.48           ~ 1 0
91 [GFL2008] I 39 X 13 57 35.000 -39 51 30.10           ~ 1 0
92 [HJH2006] CG 12-SW MoC 13 57 35.5 -40 01 30           ~ 2 0
93 [GFL2008] I 40 X 13 57 35.900 -39 55 18.48           ~ 1 0
94 2MASS J13573749-3955595 X 13 57 37.499 -39 55 59.55           ~ 2 0
95 2MASS J13573821-3959477 X 13 57 38.215 -39 59 47.78           ~ 2 0
96 [GFL2008] I 43 X 13 57 38.395 -40 01 53.99           ~ 1 0
97 2MASS J13573842-4003475 Or* 13 57 38.4306545808 -40 03 47.707852104       18.92   ~ 2 0
98 [GFL2008] I 45 X 13 57 38.923 -39 55 58.74           ~ 1 0
99 [GFL2008] I 46 X 13 57 38.954 -39 56 00.79           ~ 1 0
100 [HJH2006] CG 12-N MoC 13 57 39.5 -39 56 18           ~ 3 0
101 2MASS J13573973-3954035 Or* 13 57 39.7332823344 -39 54 03.605037696     18.10 16.85 15.75 ~ 4 0
102 2MASS J13574017-4003250 Or* 13 57 40.1853352944 -40 03 25.136838072     18.19 16.86   ~ 2 0
103 CXOU J135740.4-393543 Or* 13 57 40.3920312744 -39 35 43.394089200       18.95   ~ 2 0
104 [GFL2008] I 49 X 13 57 40.726 -40 01 30.64           ~ 1 0
105 CXOU J135741.2-400137 * 13 57 41.2145534976 -40 01 37.842958920       18.92   ~ 2 0
106 2MASS J13574135-4005027 Or* 13 57 41.3601942192 -40 05 02.862528576       18.57   ~ 2 0
107 [HJH2006] CG 12-S MoC 13 57 41.4 -39 59 18           ~ 3 0
108 [GFL2008] I 52 X 13 57 41.770 -40 02 39.04           ~ 1 0
109 [GFL2008] I 53 X 13 57 41.918 -40 06 05.05           ~ 1 0
110 CG 12 CGb 13 57 42.2 -39 56 21           ~ 51 1
111 [GFL2008] I 54 X 13 57 42.284 -39 58 46.76           ~ 1 0
112 2MASS J13574288-4002273 Or* 13 57 42.8866167288 -40 02 27.491183628     17.63 15.62   ~ 4 0
113 2MASS J13574381-3954045 Or* 13 57 43.8193452576 -39 54 04.685098716           ~ 2 0
114 CD-39 8581A Or* 13 57 43.9439728056 -39 58 47.306795628       10.370   B7 12 0
115 NGC 5367 RNe 13 57 44 -39 58.8           ~ 31 1
116 CD-39 8581 ** 13 57 44.11656 -39 58 44.1660           B4+B7 54 0
117 CD-39 8581B Or* 13 57 44.1257018136 -39 58 44.194297404       10.740   B4 9 0
118 [GFL2008] I 59 X 13 57 44.486 -40 04 45.99           ~ 1 0
119 [GFL2008] I 60 X 13 57 44.983 -40 01 54.38           ~ 1 0
120 UCAC2 14621069 Or* 13 57 45.1114006488 -40 01 07.194565236     15.16 15.57 13.88 ~ 3 0
121 [GFL2008] I 62 X 13 57 47.134 -40 06 31.75           ~ 1 0
122 2MASS J13574730-3947305 Or* 13 57 47.3083841616 -39 47 30.622933104     14.74 14.47   ~ 4 0
123 [GFL2008] I 63 X 13 57 48.433 -39 56 50.09           ~ 1 0
124 2MASS J13574993-3955127 Or* 13 57 49.9417074528 -39 55 12.883920960     19.20 17.70   ~ 3 0
125 [GFL2008] I 65 X 13 57 52.625 -40 02 38.18           ~ 1 0
126 [GFL2008] II 9 X 13 57 53.088 -39 43 32.12       19.42   ~ 1 0
127 2MASS J13575312-3955467 Or* 13 57 53.1162221160 -39 55 46.759095336       18.99   ~ 2 0
128 [GFL2008] I 67 X 13 57 53.165 -40 01 48.52           ~ 1 0
129 2MASS J13575374-3957308 Or* 13 57 53.7404499168 -39 57 31.025979540     20.78 18.99   ~ 2 0
130 2MASS J13575434-3955220 Or* 13 57 54.3430983816 -39 55 22.156557348     14.83 13.80   ~ 3 0
131 2MASS J13575447-4004303 Or* 13 57 54.4808866008 -40 04 30.371750112     14.22 10.68   ~ 3 0
132 [GFL2008] I 71 X 13 57 54.525 -39 57 35.70           ~ 1 0
133 2MASS J13575568-3959230 Or* 13 57 55.6854137568 -39 59 23.083667052     19.55 17.78   ~ 2 0
134 2MASS J13575588-3953538 Or* 13 57 55.8892750224 -39 53 53.827255572       18.02   ~ 2 0
135 GN 13.54.9 RNe 13 57 56 -40 04.3           ~ 2 0
136 CD-39 8583 Or* 13 57 56.0166605088 -40 04 19.291406268   10.21 10.11 8.07   B8 13 0
137 [GFL2008] I 75 X 13 57 57.001 -39 52 10.54           ~ 1 0
138 [GFL2008] I 76 X 13 57 57.240 -40 04 34.03           ~ 1 0
139 [GFL2008] I 77 X 13 57 57.870 -40 00 34.54           ~ 1 0
140 [GFL2008] I 78 X 13 57 58.382 -39 53 13.57           ~ 1 0
141 2MASS J13575840-3959217 Or* 13 57 58.4051308368 -39 59 21.768977832     14.50 13.63   ~ 2 0
142 2MASS J13580000-3955516 Or* 13 58 00.0057301248 -39 55 51.664012716     17.32 16.05   ~ 4 0
143 CRTS J135800.4-395002 Or* 13 58 00.2074104648 -39 50 04.596587340     14.69 15.21   ~ 5 0
144 [GFL2008] II 11 X 13 58 02.323 -39 50 02.49           ~ 1 0
145 CD-39 8586 * 13 58 03.4416682560 -39 57 50.608093680   10.08 9.12 8.55   K0 10 0
146 [GFL2008] I 82 X 13 58 05.136 -40 03 16.41           ~ 1 0
147 [GFL2008] I 83 X 13 58 05.271 -39 59 28.20           ~ 1 0
148 LEDA 592737 G 13 58 05.9118224856 -39 53 58.309838880   17.10 16.03 15.44   ~ 6 0
149 [GFL2008] I 85 X 13 58 06.864 -40 03 36.68           ~ 1 0
150 2MASS J13580805-3943200 Or* 13 58 08.0580210432 -39 43 20.010476640     17.41 11.38   ~ 3 0
151 [GFL2008] I 86 X 13 58 08.189 -39 59 49.88           ~ 1 0
152 [GFL2008] I 87 X 13 58 08.791 -39 53 35.57           ~ 1 0
153 [GFL2008] II 13 X 13 58 09.811 -39 35 44.42           ~ 1 0
154 [GFL2008] I 88 X 13 58 09.967 -39 52 43.98       19.03   ~ 1 0
155 [GFL2008] I 89 X 13 58 14.014 -40 03 38.17           ~ 1 0
156 [GFL2008] II 14 X 13 58 17.306 -39 42 26.05           ~ 1 0
157 2MASS J13581826-3956415 Or* 13 58 18.2646321456 -39 56 41.582676084     17.17 17.21   ~ 2 0
158 [GFL2008] I 91 X 13 58 19.057 -39 57 43.61           ~ 1 0
159 2MASS J13582566-3958193 Or* 13 58 25.6600255008 -39 58 19.435787580       18.32   ~ 2 0
160 [GFL2008] I 93 X 13 58 28.516 -39 57 03.92           ~ 1 0
161 GSH 323+34-21 sh 14 05 -25.8           ~ 2 0
162 NAME Upper Centaurus Lupus MGr 15 24 -41.9           ~ 567 1
163 NAME Upper Sco Association As* 16 12 -23.4           ~ 1586 1
164 NAME Upper Sco-Cen As* 16 15 -24.2           ~ 1497 1
165 NAME Serpens Cloud SFR 18 29 49 +01 14.8           ~ 1195 1
166 IC 1396 OpC 21 38 51.4 +57 31 52           ~ 523 1
167 GIRL G318+32 IR ~ ~           ~ 1 0

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