2008ApJS..174..158S

Query : 2008ApJS..174..158S

2008ApJS..174..158S - Astrophys. J., Suppl. Ser., 174, 158-201 (2008/January-0)

The abundances of light neutron-capture elements in planetary nebulae. II. s-process enrichments and interpretation.

STERLING N.C. and DINERSTEIN H.L.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present the results of a large-scale survey of neutron(n)-capture elements in Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe), undertaken to study enrichments from s-process nucleosynthesis in their progenitor stars. From new K-band observations of over 100 PNe supplemented by data from the literature, we have detected the emission lines [Kr III] 2.199 µm and/or [Se IV] 2.287 µm in 81 of 120 objects. We determine Se and Kr elemental abundances, employing ionization correction formulae derived in the first paper of this series. We find a significant range in Se and Kr abundances, from near solar (no enrichment) to enhanced by >1.0 dex relative to solar, which we interpret as self-enrichment due to in situ s-process nucleosynthesis. Kr tends to be more strongly enriched than Se; in 18 objects exhibiting both Se and Kr emission, we find that [Kr/Se]=0.5±0.2. Our survey has increased the number of PNe with n-capture element abundance determinations by a factor of 10, enabling us for the first time to search for correlations with other nebular properties. As expected, we find a positive correlation between s-process enrichments and the C/O ratio. Type I and bipolar PNe, which arise from intermediate-mass progenitors (>3-4 M☉), exhibit little to no s-process enrichments. Finally, PNe with H-deficient Wolf-Rayet central stars do not exhibit systematically larger s-process enrichments than objects with H-rich nuclei. Overall, 44% of the PNe in our sample display significant s-process enrichments (>0.3 dex). Using an empirical PN luminosity function to correct for incompleteness, we estimate that the true fraction of s-process enriched Galactic PNe is at least 20%.

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Journal keyword(s): Infrared: General - Nuclear Reactions, Nucleosynthesis, Abundances - ISM: Planetary Nebulae: General - Stars: AGB and Post-AGB - Stars: Evolution

Simbad objects: 123

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Number of rows : 123
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 40 PN 00 13 01.0170097248 +72 31 19.033338720   11.63 11.46     [WC8] 632 2
2 PN Vy 1-1 PN 00 18 42.1732297536 +53 52 19.778622996           [WC] 135 0
3 PN Hu 1-1 PN 00 28 15.435 +55 57 54.48           ~ 169 1
4 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
5 PN M 1-1 PN 01 37 19.3623937872 +50 28 11.344069236   13.07 13.91     ~ 147 0
6 IC 1747 PN 01 57 35.6899203048 +63 19 18.447328776   15.8 15.4     [WC4] 269 2
7 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
8 PN M 1-4 PN 03 41 43.4191369752 +52 17 00.267451836   15.86 14.27 15.26   ~ 126 1
9 IC 351 PN 03 47 32.9806443144 +35 02 48.639127308   13.11 12.27 14.35   Of(H) 264 0
10 IC 2003 PN 03 56 21.9884187048 +33 52 30.759977028   13.11 11.87 13.44   [WC3?] 261 0
11 NGC 1501 PN 04 06 59.3920909320 +60 55 14.278542024   15.17 13.0     [WO4] 314 1
12 PN M 2-2 PN 04 13 15.0286446504 +56 56 58.407808596           ~ 96 0
13 PN M 4-18 PN 04 25 50.8356162744 +60 07 12.780446700   14.22 13.96     [WC11] 192 0
14 PN K 3-67 PN 04 39 47.92824 +36 45 42.6276   15.085 13.680 14.965   ~ 78 0
15 Jonckheere 320 PN 05 05 34.2777790632 +10 42 22.924778148           O3V(f) 289 0
16 IC 418 PN 05 27 28.2059533560 -12 41 50.282287764   9.405 9.010 10.118   O7fp 1059 2
17 M 42 HII 05 35 16.8 -05 23 15           ~ 4411 0
18 PN M 1-5 PN 05 46 50.0119955400 +24 22 02.848049436           ~ 123 1
19 IC 2149 PN 05 56 23.9011721904 +46 06 17.204826816   11.21 11.35     O7.5 439 0
20 IC 2165 PN 06 21 42.7847803566 -12 59 14.040997076   12.146 10.782 12.305   ~ 385 0
21 PN VV 28 PN 06 25 57.2710426104 +17 47 27.136548168     12.5     [WC] 298 0
22 PN M 1-6 PN 06 35 45.1241072736 -00 05 37.396958568     15.84     O6-9I 121 1
23 PN K 4-48 PN 06 39 55.842 +11 06 30.34     13.2     ~ 44 0
24 PN M 1-9 PN 07 05 19.2001625040 +02 46 59.452173768           ~ 93 0
25 PN M 1-11 PN 07 11 16.6948815960 -19 51 02.898476424     13.5     WC10-11 153 0
26 PN M 1-12 PN 07 19 21.4685188440 -21 43 55.402228344     14.08     WC10-11 125 0
27 PN M 1-14 PN 07 27 56.5101847704 -20 13 22.650485448           O(H)7-9 108 0
28 NGC 2392 PN 07 29 10.7671398096 +20 54 42.474888072     9.68     O6f 740 2
29 PN M 1-16 PN 07 37 18.90193 -09 38 47.9580   14.959 13.393 14.669   ~ 188 0
30 PN M 1-17 PN 07 40 22.1724359520 -11 32 29.783641164           ~ 105 0
31 NGC 2440 PN 07 41 55.34603 -18 12 30.4117   11.469 10.104     ~ 665 2
32 NGC 3242 PN 10 24 46.1335521792 -18 38 32.296857792   11.83 12.15     ~ 838 1
33 IC 3568 PN 12 33 06.8549162136 +82 33 50.202643608   11.809 10.730 12.651   ~ 407 0
34 PN Me 2-1 PN 15 22 19.2811793544 -23 37 31.412401104   12.2 12.20     ~ 224 0
35 IC 4593 PN 16 11 44.5479462840 +12 04 17.031388584   10.91 10.84     O7fp 462 0
36 PN DdDm 1 PN 16 40 18.1517248296 +38 42 20.033859348   14.0 13.90     sd+G/K 153 0
37 NGC 6210 PN 16 44 29.5191019368 +23 47 59.421958296   12.3 11.7     Of/[WR] 597 0
38 IC 4634 PN 17 01 33.5816774904 -21 49 33.015515916   12.3 11.3     O3If 286 0
39 NGC 6302 PN 17 13 44.5 -37 06 11           O-rich 821 2
40 PN M 3-41 PN 17 25 59.82 -29 21 50.4     15.40     ~ 72 0
41 PN M 1-20 PN 17 28 57.6165015264 -19 15 54.033719256           ~ 136 0
42 NGC 6369 PN 17 29 20.4566510904 -23 45 34.771819248   16.6 12.00     [WC4] 335 0
43 PN M 1-25 PN 17 38 30.3160501176 -22 08 38.934269052   17.9       [WC6] 156 0
44 PN Hb 4 PN 17 41 52.8002065320 -24 42 08.330663196   18.4 17     [WC4] 232 1
45 PN M 3-15 PN 17 45 31.7096699160 -20 58 01.493896440           [WC4/6] 137 1
46 PN Hb 5 PN 17 47 56.20 -29 59 39.6   10.50 10.78     ~ 274 0
47 NGC 6439 PN 17 48 19.820 -16 28 44.42     12.2     ~ 180 0
48 NGC 6445 PN 17 49 15.0282384611 -20 00 34.159640072   18.9       ~ 302 0
49 PN M 1-31 PN 17 52 41.4448424016 -22 21 57.159303984           [WC] 116 0
50 PN Vy 1-2 PN 17 54 22.98 +27 59 58.1           ~ 118 0
51 IC 4670 PN 17 55 07.030680 -21 44 40.04124   15.03 13.28 13.88 13.56 ~ 149 1
52 PN M 1-32 PN 17 56 20.11 -16 29 04.6   18.3 17.0     [WC4/5] 112 1
53 NGC 6543 PN 17 58 33.4039587288 +66 37 58.750734000   11.09 11.28     [WC] 1197 2
54 PN M 1-35 PN 18 03 39.30 -26 43 33.9     14.50     ~ 99 0
55 NGC 6537 PN 18 05 13.104 -19 50 34.88     13.58     ~ 438 1
56 PN M 1-40 PN 18 08 25.989 -22 16 52.93   11       ~ 122 1
57 NGC 6572 PN 18 12 06.3181909152 +06 51 13.027935240   9.3 10.8     [WC] 761 0
58 PN M 2-31 PN 18 13 16.0521431976 -25 30 05.320920636   13.3 13.60     [WC4/6] 110 0
59 NGC 6567 PN 18 13 45.1636643352 -19 04 34.071637152     10.9     [WC5/6] 277 0
60 PN M 3-25 PN 18 15 16.97376 -10 10 09.3612           ~ 55 0
61 PN SwSt 1 PN 18 16 12.2834104368 -30 52 07.906578996   12.1 11.10     [WC9/10] 301 0
62 NGC 6578 PN 18 16 16.5071627654 -20 27 02.743192002           [WC4/6] 211 0
63 PN Cn 3-1 PN 18 17 34.1015035728 +10 09 03.304908396   12.93 12.49 12.35   07Ib(f) 224 0
64 NGC 6629 PN 18 25 42.4541775576 -23 12 10.551587436   11.90 9.9     [WC5/6] 271 0
65 PN M 2-43 PN 18 26 40.0500205632 -02 42 57.364170912     15.7     [WC7/8] 127 0
66 PN M 1-46 PN 18 27 56.3175434256 -15 32 54.434037264     12.83     O(H)7I(fc) 129 0
67 NGC 6644 PN 18 32 34.70280 -25 07 44.1588           ~ 198 0
68 PN M 3-28 PN 18 32 41.288 -10 05 50.03   15.6       ~ 96 0
69 PN M 1-50 PN 18 33 20.88 -18 16 37.1           ~ 88 0
70 PN M 1-51 PN 18 33 29.05 -11 07 26.5           [WC4/6] 97 1
71 IC 4732 PN 18 33 54.6340681272 -22 38 41.382665232   12.5       ~ 151 0
72 PN M 1-54 PN 18 36 08.357 -16 59 57.02           ~ 87 0
73 PN M 1-57 PN 18 40 20.2561639992 -10 39 47.216941560           ~ 98 0
74 PN VV 201 PN 18 42 57.0075531633 -11 06 53.298252392           ~ 66 0
75 PN M 1-60 PN 18 43 38.0929948608 -13 44 49.280634744           [WC4] 95 0
76 PN M 1-61 PN 18 45 55.12 -14 27 37.9           ~ 116 0
77 PN Hu 2-1 PN 18 49 47.5610183328 +20 50 39.396894756   12.369 11.126 12.30   ~ 286 0
78 M 57 PN 18 53 35.0967659112 +33 01 44.883287544   15.405 15.769 15.901 16.062 DA(O?) 868 2
79 PN Hb 7 PN 18 55 37.8037363176 -32 15 48.553611372   12.58 11.65 13.61   O3 98 0
80 PN K 3-17 PN 18 56 18.164 +07 07 25.88           ~ 69 1
81 NGC 6741 PN 19 02 37.10 -00 26 56.7     9.6     ~ 353 0
82 NGC 6751 PN 19 05 55.5383775432 -05 59 32.288861544   15.78 15.48     [WC4] 338 0
83 IC 4846 PN 19 16 28.2266496960 -09 02 36.677150592           ~ 221 0
84 NGC 6778 PN 19 18 24.9542333399 -01 35 47.155403881   13.747 12.721     ~ 272 0
85 NGC 6790 PN 19 22 56.972976 +01 30 46.40112   12.247 10.504 12.684   wels 329 0
86 PN Vy 2-2 PN 19 24 22.2390166933 +09 53 56.259102426   14.02 12.65 13.38   O-rich 274 0
87 NGC 6803 PN 19 31 16.4826019750 +10 03 21.620200381   13.034 11.616 13.242   ~ 254 0
88 NGC 6804 PN 19 31 35.1453655872 +09 13 31.298620188   13.4 13.4     ~ 221 1
89 NGC 6807 PN 19 34 33.53 +05 41 02.5     12     ~ 144 0
90 HD 184738 PN 19 34 45.2337620448 +30 30 58.950651240   10.41 10.44     [WC9] 976 0
91 PN M 1-71 PN 19 36 26.9207484077 +19 42 24.018831075           [WC] 92 1
92 PN Me 1-1 PN 19 39 09.8202196560 +15 56 48.274743516   13.343 11.855 12.493   ~ 132 0
93 PN M 1-72 PN 19 41 33.9729642288 +17 45 17.525500164           ~ 61 0
94 PN M 1-74 PN 19 42 18.78 +15 09 08.3   12.8       ~ 127 0
95 NGC 6818 PN 19 43 57.770472 -14 09 13.36932     9.3     ~ 357 1
96 NGC 6826 PN 19 44 48.1500225888 +50 31 30.249034932   9.779 9.359 10.775   O3f(H) 736 0
97 NGC 6833 PN 19 49 46.5667474512 +48 57 40.113276876           ~ 181 0
98 PN M 2-48 PN 19 50 28.52520 +25 54 29.5452           ~ 88 0
99 PN M 1-75 PN 20 04 44.21070 +31 27 26.6673           ~ 102 2
100 PN K 3-55 PN 20 06 56.2756808832 +32 16 37.344147528           ~ 42 0
101 NGC 6884 PN 20 10 23.6424784416 +46 27 39.631794408   11.9 10.9     ~ 322 1
102 NGC 6879 PN 20 10 26.6930056361 +16 55 21.272110541   13.661 12.540 14.075   O3f(He) 157 0
103 NGC 6881 PN 20 10 52.45 +37 24 42.4           ~ 213 0
104 NGC 6886 PN 20 12 42.83016 +19 59 22.6320   13.053 11.719     ~ 325 1
105 Hen 2-459 PN 20 13 57.8909464128 +29 33 55.874044764   14.10 12.67     [WC9] 110 0
106 NGC 6891 PN 20 15 08.8435405584 +12 42 15.584146740   12.11 12.51     O3Ib(f*) 405 0
107 IC 4997 PN 20 20 08.7557973960 +16 43 53.698933380   11.94 11.15     [WC7/8] 555 0
108 PN M 3-35 PN 20 21 03.7631843136 +32 29 24.005231700   15.56 15.30     ~ 102 0
109 NGC 6905 PN 20 22 22.9919225472 +20 06 16.285052088   16.3 14.5     [WC3] 362 0
110 NGC 7009 PN 21 04 10.8155187648 -11 21 48.580157556   12.48 12.07     ~ 1020 1
111 NGC 7026 PN 21 06 18.5723414928 +47 51 06.774735780   15.33 15.1     [WC3] 427 1
112 NGC 7027 PN 21 07 01.571952 +42 14 10.47120   10.358 8.831 10.157   ~ 2541 1
113 PN K 3-60 PN 21 27 26.47944 +57 39 06.1704           ~ 54 0
114 PN K 3-61 PN 21 30 00.7565699064 +54 27 27.195110712   15.9 14.8     [WC4/6] 82 0
115 PN K 3-62 PN 21 31 50.1857850312 +52 33 51.571785996           ~ 87 1
116 IC 5117 PN 21 32 30.96912 +44 35 47.5404           ~ 310 1
117 PN Hu 1-2 PN 21 33 08.3106242400 +39 38 09.554428752     12.0     ~ 295 1
118 IC 5217 PN 22 23 55.7180137224 +50 58 00.464340252     15.5     [WC7] 314 0
119 PN Me 2-2 PN 22 31 43.6753782000 +47 48 03.836846628   9.3       ~ 160 0
120 NGC 7354 PN 22 40 19.8733664208 +61 17 08.746685772           ~ 286 1
121 PN M 1-80 PN 22 56 19.89864 +57 09 20.8656           ~ 99 2
122 NGC 7662 PN 23 25 53.8318792825 +42 32 05.835828380       11.427   ~ 940 1
123 PN Hb 12 PN 23 26 14.8236376464 +58 10 54.543292356   13.51 11.49 12.44   Oe 338 0

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