2009A&A...506L...1A

The Lyman-alpha (Lyα) recombination line is a fundamental tool for galaxy evolution studies and modern observational cosmology. However, subsequent interpretations are still prone to a number of uncertainties. Besides numerical efforts, empirical data are urgently needed for a better understanding of the Lyα escape process. We empirically estimate the Lyα escape fraction in a statistically significant sample of galaxies in a redshift range z∼0-0.3. This estimate will constrain interpretations of current high-redshift Lyα observations. An optical spectroscopic follow-up of a sub-sample of 24 Lyα emitters detected by GALEX at z∼0.2-0.3, combined with a UV-optical sample of local starbursts, both with matched apertures, allow us to quantify the dust extinction through Balmer lines, and to estimate the Lyα escape fraction from the Hα flux corrected for extinction in the framework of the recombination theory. The global escape fraction of Lyα radiation spans a wide range of values and f_esc(Lyα) clearly decreases with increasing nebular dust extinction E(B-V). Several objects show f_esc(Lyα) greater than f_esc(continuum), which may be taken as observational evidence for a clumpy ISM geometry or for an aspherical ISM. Selection biases and aperture size effects may still prevail between z∼0.2-0.3 Lyman-alpha emitters (LAEs) and local starbursts and may explain the difference observed for f_esc(Lyα).