2009ApJ...701...66M

Query : 2009ApJ...701...66M

2009ApJ...701...66M - Astrophys. J., 701, 66-85 (2009/August-2)

The evolution of active galactic nuclei in clusters of galaxies to redshift 1.3.

MARTINI P., SIVAKOFF G.R. and MULCHAEY J.S.

Abstract (from CDS):

We have measured the luminous active galactic nucleus (AGN) population in a large sample of clusters of galaxies and find evidence for a substantial increase in the cluster AGN population from z ∼ 0.05 to z ∼ 1.3. The present sample now includes 32 clusters of galaxies, including 15 clusters above z = 0.4, which corresponds to a three-fold increase compared to our previous work at high redshift. At z < 0.4, we have obtained new observations of AGN candidates in six additional clusters and found no new luminous AGN in cluster members. Our total sample of 17 low-redshift clusters contains only two luminous AGNs, while at high redshifts there are 18 such AGNs, or an average of more than one per cluster. We have characterized the evolution of luminous X-ray AGNs as the fraction of galaxies with MR< M*R(z) + 1 that host AGNs with rest-frame, hard X-ray [2-10 keV] luminosities LX,H≥ 1043 erg/s. The AGN fraction increases from fA= 0.134+0.18–0.087% at a median z = 0.19 to fA= 1.00+0.29–0.23% at a median z = 0.72. Our best estimate of the evolution is a factor of 8 increase to z = 1 and the statistical significance of the increase is 3.8σ. This dramatic evolution is qualitatively similar to the evolution of the star-forming galaxy population in clusters known as the Butcher-Oemler effect. We discuss the implications of this result for the coevolution of black holes and galaxies in clusters, the evolution of AGN feedback, searches for clusters with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, and the possible detection of environment-dependent downsizing.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: active - galaxies: clusters: general - galaxies: evolution - X-rays: galaxies - X-rays: galaxies: clusters - X-rays: general

Simbad objects: 100

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Number of rows : 100
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 QSO J0018+1629 QSO 00 18 31.9990789848 +16 29 25.835460180   19 18.26 18.40   ~ 40 0
2 ClG 0016+16 ClG 00 18 33.3 +16 26 36           ~ 517 0
3 ZwCl 0024+1652 ClG 00 26 35.6 +17 09 32     18.35     ~ 648 1
4 ACO 85 ClG 00 41 36.21 -09 19 30.4           ~ 974 0
5 NAME A89B ClG 00 42 54.6 -09 13 50           ~ 5 0
6 ClG J0152-1358 ClG 01 52 41.3 -13 58 13           ~ 262 3
7 ACO 3125 ClG 03 27 22 -53 30.6           ~ 57 2
8 ACO 3128 ClG 03 29 50.6 -52 34 48           ~ 183 3
9 ClG J0442+0202 ClG 04 42 23.70 +02 02 20.0           ~ 10 0
10 ClG 0451-03 ClG 04 54 10.9 -03 01 07     20.0     ~ 368 0
11 CXOMP J054240.9-405627 Sy2 05 42 40.8 -40 56 26           ~ 6 0
12 CXOMP J054248.2-410140 Sy2 05 42 48.3565665576 -41 01 41.001012228           ~ 6 0
13 ClG J0542-4100 ClG 05 42 49.9 -40 59 58           ~ 67 0
14 CXOMP J054251.4-410205 AGN 05 42 51.46 -41 02 05.2           ~ 3 0
15 CXOMP J054255.0-405922 Sy2 05 42 55.0896 -40 59 23.784           ~ 6 0
16 CXOMP J054259.5-410241 Sy2 05 42 59.5 -41 02 41           ~ 5 0
17 ACO 644 ClG 08 17 26.1 -07 31 13           ~ 241 0
18 [STS2002] 60 EmG 08 48 31.72 +44 54 42.9       25.420   ~ 8 0
19 ClG J0848+4453 ClG 08 48 34.800 +44 53 41.90           ~ 124 1
20 [STS2002] 48 AGN 08 48 46.11 +44 59 46.3       21.450   ~ 7 0
21 ClG J0848+4456 ClG 08 48 46.9 +44 56 22           ~ 62 1
22 2XMM J084858.0+445435 Sy1 08 48 58.1403325488 +44 54 35.233593876   20.67 20.30 19.580   ~ 24 0
23 ClG J0849+4452 ClG 08 48 58.8 +44 51 53           ~ 107 1
24 CXOMP J084904.0+445024 AGN 08 49 04.0 +44 50 25       23.920   ~ 8 0
25 CXOMP J084905.2+445202 AGN 08 49 05.32 +44 52 03.7       24.610   ~ 11 0
26 ACO 754 ClG 09 09 14.8 -09 40 35           ~ 695 1
27 CXOSEXSI J091040.8+542006 AGN 09 10 40.90 +54 20 08.8       22.380   ~ 6 0
28 CXOU J091043.3+542152 X 09 10 43.3 +54 21 52           ~ 1 0
29 ClG J0910+5422 ClG 09 10 44.9 +54 22 09           ~ 94 0
30 NAME ACO 901-902 Supercluster SCG 09 56 -10.0           ~ 127 1
31 ACO 901 ClG 09 56 09.7 -09 56 17           ~ 113 1
32 ClG 1008-12 ClG 10 10 34.1 -12 39 48     18.0     ~ 155 0
33 CXOMP J105650.6-033508 Sy1 10 56 50.6 -03 35 08           ~ 5 0
34 ClG 1054-03 ClG 10 57 00.2 -03 37 27     22     ~ 458 0
35 CXOU J105702.7-033943 X 10 57 02.73 -03 39 43.4           ~ 2 0
36 CXOU J105710.6-033500 X 10 57 10.65 -03 35 00.9           ~ 2 0
37 ACO 1242 ClG 11 23 13 +16 57.5           ~ 9 0
38 2MASS J11231486+4312094 SyG 11 23 14.8962536400 +43 12 08.781853176   19.24   17.56   ~ 6 0
39 ACO 1240 ClG 11 23 37.7 +43 03 28           ~ 113 0
40 CXOU J112357.4+431314 X 11 23 57.40 +43 13 14.1       19.46   ~ 1 0
41 CXOU J112403.0+431330 X 11 24 03.00 +43 13 30.6       18.39   ~ 1 0
42 SDSS J112413.15+430639.0 QSO 11 24 13.1574021960 +43 06 39.009591108       19.80   ~ 12 0
43 CXOMP J114022.0+660816 AGN 11 40 22.00 +66 08 16.3           ~ 2 0
44 ClG 1137+66 ClG 11 40 23.0 +66 08 16     21.0     ~ 141 0
45 ClG J1252-2927 ClG 12 52 54.4 -29 27 17           ~ 158 0
46 ACO 1689 ClG 13 11 29.5 -01 20 28           ~ 1178 0
47 CXOSEXSI J131718.8+291111 Sy1 13 17 19.0 +29 11 12       21.980   ~ 6 0
48 ClG J1317+2911 ClG 13 17 21.70 +29 11 18.1           ~ 33 0
49 ClG J1350+6007 ClG 13 50 48.55 +60 07 06.7           ~ 46 0
50 SDSS J135950.56+623105.3 rG 13 59 50.571 +62 31 05.16   19.94 19.05 17.80 17.11 ~ 28 2
51 ZwCl 1358+6245 ClG 13 59 54.3 +62 30 36     18.5     ~ 370 0
52 3C 295 Sy1 14 11 20.6 +52 12 09   22.34 20.80 18.54   ~ 1021 4
53 CXOMP J141123.4+521331 Sy1 14 11 23.4203924520 +52 13 31.745804700   20.04 19.85 19.65   ~ 49 0
54 SDSS J141127.41+521131.5 GiC 14 11 27.38 +52 11 31.5   22.29   20.20   ~ 12 0
55 NAME Extended Groth Strip reg 14 19 +52.8           ~ 1023 0
56 CXOU J143804.9+033752 X 14 38 04.90 +03 37 52.6       18.50   ~ 1 0
57 ACO 1942 ClG 14 38 21.8673 +03 40 13.247           ~ 122 0
58 PKS 1435+038 rG 14 38 21.8715090192 +03 40 13.344492936           ~ 49 1
59 SDSS J143832.28+033505.8 QSO 14 38 32.2892306736 +03 35 05.814213288       19.98   ~ 10 0
60 SDSS J143833.07+033606.5 QSO 14 38 33.078 +03 36 06.57       19.40   ~ 6 0
61 SDSS J143839.72+033631.1 QSO 14 38 39.7270854288 +03 36 31.126641156       19.00   ~ 7 0
62 QSO J1438+0341 QSO 14 38 41.9569096512 +03 41 10.398731316   18.81 18.51 17.82   ~ 42 0
63 CXOU J143847.3+032950 X 14 38 47.30 +03 29 50.8       16.89   ~ 1 0
64 [VV2006] J143859.0+033547 QSO 14 38 59.0558134680 +03 35 47.451663420   18.4 18.62 18.2   ~ 29 0
65 CXOU J145623.0+221833 X 14 56 23.00 +22 18 33.5       15.51   ~ 1 0
66 CXOU J145624.5+222057 X 14 56 24.50 +22 20 57.1       15.45   ~ 1 0
67 SDSS J145634.67+221514.1 QSO 14 56 34.6726767624 +22 15 14.077179792       20.16   ~ 6 0
68 CRTS J145657.7+221314 RS* 14 56 57.7241220864 +22 13 15.629509092     14.94 14.87   ~ 13 0
69 SDSS J145708.73+222352.3 G 14 57 08.7320802312 +22 23 52.314839376       17.44   ~ 5 0
70 SDSS J145710.80+221844.8 QSO 14 57 10.8039492816 +22 18 44.818505784   19.38 19.15 18.73   ~ 25 0
71 CXOU J145712.3+221446 X 14 57 12.30 +22 14 46.7       15.15   ~ 1 0
72 NVSS J145715+222036 rG 14 57 15.0998550864 +22 20 34.320909444   18.5   16.82   ~ 25 1
73 ZwCl 1455+2232 ClG 14 57 15.2 +22 20 30     18.62 20.04   ~ 309 0
74 SDSS J145721.03+222334.7 QSO 14 57 21.0475435680 +22 23 34.583817264       19.33   ~ 6 0
75 2XMM J145726.9+221755 QSO 14 57 26.9864743728 +22 17 55.013999352       19.55   ~ 3 0
76 ClG J1514+3636 ClG 15 14 22.0 +36 36 22     19.0     ~ 136 0
77 CXOU J151422.5+363620 X 15 14 22.50 +36 36 20.7       18.05   ~ 1 0
78 NVSS J151426+363803 rG 15 14 27.0641716224 +36 38 02.865854004       16.90   ~ 7 0
79 SDSS J151428.40+363743.2 QSO 15 14 28.403 +36 37 43.24       20.13   ~ 4 0
80 CXOU J151437.5+364041 X 15 14 37.50 +36 40 41.3       19.86   ~ 1 0
81 CXOU J153938.0+662102 X 15 39 38.08 +66 21 02.7       19.71   ~ 2 0
82 ACO 2104 ClG 15 40 06.8 -03 17 39           ~ 113 0
83 CXOU J154012.3+661438 X 15 40 12.39 +66 14 38.8       19.75   ~ 2 0
84 2MASX J15410194+6616265 GiC 15 41 01.9233554688 +66 16 26.618521584       17.19   ~ 6 0
85 [RS2005] ACO 2125 283 GiC 15 41 02.01 +66 17 21.4           ~ 4 0
86 ACO 2125 ClG 15 41 14.1 +66 15 57           ~ 124 1
87 [MOH2004] J154117.3+661924 GiC 15 41 17.43 +66 19 23.8       18.81   ~ 3 0
88 NAME Cl J1604 Supercluster SCG 16 04 +43.0           ~ 51 1
89 ACO 2163 ClG 16 15 46.1 -06 08 50           ~ 586 0
90 ClG 1621+26 ClG 16 23 35.7 +26 33 50           ~ 145 0
91 4C 67.26 Sy2 17 16 37.00897 +67 08 28.8480       22.000   ~ 19 1
92 ClG J1716+6708 ClG 17 16 49.6 +67 08 30           ~ 137 0
93 CXOMP J171703.8+670859 AGN 17 17 03.9 +67 09 00       21.790   ~ 8 0
94 CXOSEXSI J171714.5+671136 EmG 17 17 14.65 +67 11 35.0       22.680   ~ 5 0
95 CXOSEXSI J171807.6+670647 Sy1 17 18 07.7 +67 06 45       21.750   ~ 5 0
96 ClG 2053-04 ClG 20 56 21.2 -04 37 46   21.0       ~ 168 0
97 NAME SSA22 Protocluster PCG 22 17 34.0 +00 17 01           ~ 175 0
98 ACO S 1077 ClG 22 58 52.34 -34 46 54.6           ~ 198 0
99 ClG J2302+0844 ClG 23 02 48.1 +08 43 50           ~ 43 0
100 CXOMP J230300.9+084659 Sy1 23 03 01.0 +08 46 59           ~ 4 0

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