2009MNRAS.392..768H

Query : 2009MNRAS.392..768H

2009MNRAS.392..768H - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 392, 768-782 (2009/January-2)

Spectral energy distribution modelling of southern candidate massive protostars using the Bayesian inference method.

HILL T., PINTE C., MINIER V., BURTON M.G. and CUNNINGHAM M.R.

Abstract (from CDS):

Concatenating data from the millimetre regime to the infrared, we have performed spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling for 227 of the 405 millimetre continuum sources of Hill et al. which are thought to contain young massive stars in the earliest stages of their formation. Three main parameters are extracted from the fits: temperature, mass and luminosity. The method employed was the Bayesian inference, which allows a statistically probable range of suitable values for each parameter to be drawn for each individual protostellar candidate. This is the first application of this method to massive star formation.

The cumulative distribution plots of the SED modelled parameters in this work indicate that collectively, the sources without methanol maser and/or radio continuum associations (MM-only cores) display similar characteristics to those of high-mass star formation regions. Attributing significance to the marginal distinctions between the MM-only cores and the high-mass star formation sample, we draw hypotheses regarding the nature of the MM-only cores, including the possibility that the population itself comprises different types of source, and discuss their role in the formation scenarios of massive star formation. In addition, we discuss the usefulness and limitations of SED modelling and its application to the field. From this work, it is clear that within the valid parameter ranges, SEDs utilising current far-infrared data cannot be used to determine the evolution of massive protostars or massive young stellar objects.


Abstract Copyright: © 2008 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2008 RAS

Journal keyword(s): masers - stars: early-type - stars: formation - stars: fundamental parameters - Hii regions - submillimetre

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/MNRAS/392/768): table2.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 2: [HBM2005] GLLL.lll+BB.bbb N=11 added.

Simbad objects: 182

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Number of rows : 182
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 [HBM2005] G213.61-12.6 mm 06 07 47.9 -06 22 57           ~ 5 0
2 [HBM2005] G188.79+1.02 mm 06 09 06.5 +21 50 27           ~ 3 0
3 [HBM2005] G269.45-1.47 mm 09 03 13.5 -48 55 22           ~ 4 0
4 [HBM2005] G270.25+0.84 mm 09 16 41.4 -47 55 46           ~ 4 0
5 [HBM2005] G287.37+0.65 mm 10 48 05.2 -58 26 40           ~ 4 0
6 [HBM2005] G290.40-2.91 mm 10 57 33.0 -62 58 54           ~ 4 0
7 [HBM2005] G290.37+1.66 mm 11 12 16.1 -58 46 19           ~ 4 0
8 [HBM2005] G294.52-1.60 mm 11 35 31.0 -63 14 36           ~ 4 0
9 [HBM2005] G298.26+0.7 mm 12 11 45.4 -61 45 42           ~ 4 0
10 [HBM2005] G301.14-0.2 mm 12 35 29.1 -63 01 32           ~ 4 0
11 MMB G302.032-00.061 cor 12 43 31.92 -62 55 06.7           ~ 19 0
12 AGAL G305.137+00.069 Y*O 13 10 42.526 -62 43 14.39           ~ 21 0
13 [HBM2005] G305.833-0.196 mm 13 16 58.3 -62 55 25           ~ 4 0
14 [HBM2005] G323.74-0.3 mm 15 31 41.6 -56 30 11           ~ 4 0
15 AGAL G331.279-00.189 cor 16 11 26.748 -51 41 56.04           ~ 22 0
16 AGAL G000.203+00.052 smm 17 45 55 -28 44.1           ~ 9 0
17 AGAL G000.496+00.187 smm 17 46 04 -28 24.8           ~ 13 0
18 AGAL G000.264+00.032 smm 17 46 07 -28 41.5           ~ 15 0
19 [HBM2005] G0.21-0.00 mm 17 46 07.7 -28 45 20           ~ 6 0
20 [HBM2005] G0.497+0.170 mm 17 46 08.2 -28 25 23           ~ 5 0
21 NAME the Brick MoC 17 46 09 -28 43.8           ~ 226 0
22 BGPSv2 G000.526+00.183 smm 17 46 10.178 -28 23 31.59           ~ 6 0
23 [HBM2005] G0.271+0.022 mm 17 46 10.7 -28 41 36           ~ 5 0
24 [HBM2005] G0.257+0.011 mm 17 46 11.4 -28 42 40           ~ 5 0
25 MMB G000.836+00.184 cor 17 46 52.86 -28 07 34.8           ~ 19 0
26 [HBM2005] G0.310-0.170 mm 17 47 01.2 -28 45 36           ~ 5 0
27 AGAL G000.316-00.201 smm 17 47 09 -28 46.2           ~ 19 0
28 [HBM2005] G0.325-0.242 mm 17 47 20.1 -28 47 04           ~ 5 0
29 [HBM2005] G1.124-0.065 mm 17 48 31.6 -28 00 31           ~ 5 0
30 [HBM2005] G1.134-0.073 mm 17 48 34.7 -28 00 16           ~ 5 0
31 [HBM2005] G1.105-0.098 mm 17 48 36.4 -28 02 31           ~ 5 0
32 AGAL G001.126-00.107 cor 17 48 41.5 -28 01 41           ~ 20 0
33 [MGL98] OH Maser I Y*O 17 48 48.5410 -28 01 11.350           ~ 26 0
34 AGAL G000.546-00.852 smm 17 50 14.542 -28 54 30.70           ~ 18 0
35 [HBM2005] G0.549-0.868 mm 17 50 18.8 -28 53 14           ~ 5 0
36 [HBM2005] G0.627-0.848 mm 17 50 24.9 -28 50 15           ~ 5 0
37 [HBM2005] G0.600-0.871 mm 17 50 26.7 -28 52 23           ~ 5 0
38 AGAL G002.534+00.199 cor 17 50 46 -26 39.8           ~ 21 0
39 [HBM2005] G5.48-0.24 mm 17 59 04.6 -24 20 55           ~ 5 0
40 AGAL G005.509-00.246 cor 17 59 07.783 -24 19 18.52           ~ 13 0
41 [HBM2005] G5.89-0.39 cor 18 00 30.3376 -24 03 54.309           ~ 13 0
42 BGPS G005.903-00.429 cor 18 00 41.0963 -24 04 12.184           ~ 10 0
43 [HBM2005] G6.53-0.10 mm 18 00 50.9 -23 21 29           ~ 6 0
44 MSX5C G006.6092-00.0813 NIR 18 00 53.72 -23 17 04.1           ~ 8 0
45 [HBM2005] G8.111+0.257 mm 18 02 50.2 -21 48 39           ~ 3 0
46 [HBM2005] G8.127+0.255 mm 18 02 52.8 -21 47 54           ~ 5 0
47 [HBM2005] G8.138+0.246 cor 18 02 56.2 -21 47 38           ~ 6 0
48 MMB G008.139+00.226 cor 18 03 00.75 -21 48 09.9           ~ 30 0
49 [HBM2005] G5.948-1.125 mm 18 03 26.3 -24 22 29           ~ 5 0
50 [HBM2005] G5.962-1.128 mm 18 03 28.7 -24 21 50           ~ 3 0
51 [HBM2005] G5.975-1.146 mm 18 03 34.5 -24 21 41           ~ 5 0
52 [THW2006] G005.97-01.17 a PoC 18 03 37.1 -24 22 13           ~ 7 0
53 [HBM2005] G5.97-1.17 mm 18 03 40.9 -24 22 37           ~ 5 0
54 [HBM2005] G10.10+0.73 mm 18 05 15.6 -19 50 55           ~ 5 0
55 AGAL G009.621+00.194 cor 18 06 15 -20 31.6           ~ 34 0
56 [HBM2005] G8.67-0.36 mm 18 06 18.9 -21 37 21           ~ 6 0
57 [WWS2012] G008.68-00.37 cor 18 06 23.5 -21 36 57           ~ 8 0
58 MMB G009.986-00.028 cor 18 07 50.12 -20 18 56.5           ~ 27 0
59 [HBM2005] G10.001-0.033 mm 18 07 53.2 -20 18 19           ~ 5 0
60 [HBM2005] G10.47+0.02 cor 18 08 37.9 -19 51 41           ~ 7 0
61 AGAL G010.444-00.017 cor 18 08 44.904 -19 54 37.95           ~ 28 0
62 [HBM2005] G10.287-0.110 mm 18 08 45.9 -20 05 34           ~ 6 0
63 MMB G010.287-00.125 Mas 18 08 49.36 -20 05 59.0           ~ 27 0
64 [HBM2005] G10.288-0.127 mm 18 08 52.4 -20 05 58           ~ 5 0
65 AGAL G010.299-00.147 smm 18 08 56.006 -20 05 52.76           ~ 58 0
66 MMB G010.342-00.142 cor 18 08 59.99 -20 03 35.4           ~ 43 0
67 MMB G010.356-00.148 cor 18 09 03.07 -20 03 02.2           ~ 22 0
68 [THW2006] G010.15-00.34 cor 18 09 21.8 -20 19 30           ~ 6 0
69 AGAL G010.614-00.331 Y*O 18 10 15.62 -19 54 46.6           ~ 21 0
70 [UFM2015] G010.625-00.339 cor 18 10 18.826 -19 54 24.76           ~ 19 0
71 [THW2006] G009.88-00.75 a cor 18 10 19.2 -20 45 31           ~ 8 0
72 [HBM2005] G9.924-0.749 mm 18 10 24.1 -20 43 09           ~ 5 0
73 [HBM2005] G10.62-0.38 mm 18 10 29.4 -19 55 41           ~ 6 0
74 [HBM2005] G11.075-0.384 mm 18 11 24.4 -19 32 04           ~ 5 0
75 IRAS 18085-1931 Y*O 18 11 31.98 -19 30 41.7           ~ 36 0
76 [THW2006] G011.11-00.34 b smm 18 11 36.2 -19 30 48           ~ 6 0
77 AGAL G012.888+00.489 cor 18 11 51.52 -17 31 28.9           ~ 45 0
78 [HBM2005] G11.948-0.003 mm 18 11 52.9 -18 36 03           ~ 4 0
79 AGAL G012.916+00.492 Y*O 18 11 54.00 -17 29 59.0           ~ 27 0
80 OH 012.03-00.04 Y*O 18 12 01.8400 -18 31 55.800           ~ 91 0
81 AGAL G011.902-00.141 cor 18 12 11 -18 41.6           ~ 48 0
82 [HBM2005] G11.861-0.183 mm 18 12 15.6 -18 44 58           ~ 5 0
83 BGPSv2 G011.938-00.153 smm 18 12 17.174 -18 40 02.41           ~ 6 0
84 AGAL G011.942-00.156 cor 18 12 19 -18 39.9           ~ 20 0
85 [WWS2012] G012.11-00.12 cor 18 12 33.9756 -18 30 05.403           ~ 9 0
86 [HBM2005] G12.20-0.09 cor 18 12 39.2 -18 24 17           ~ 7 0
87 MMB G012.202-00.120 Mas 18 12 42.93 -18 25 11.8           ~ 28 0
88 AGAL G012.214-00.119 Y*O 18 12 44.2 -18 24 23           ~ 18 0
89 MMB G011.992-00.272 Mas 18 12 50.6929 -18 40 36.032           ~ 13 0
90 [HBM2005] G12.43-0.05 cor 18 12 56.4 -18 11 04           ~ 6 0
91 [HBM2005] G12.68-0.18 cor 18 13 55 -18 01.8           ~ 39 0
92 [WWS2012] G011.92-00.61 cor 18 13 58.7 -18 54 23           ~ 9 0
93 [HBM2005] G11.93-0.61 cor 18 14 00.9 -18 53 27           ~ 6 0
94 [WWS2012] G012.72-00.22 cor 18 14 07.1324 -18 00 36.403           ~ 16 0
95 AGAL G012.899-00.241 Y*O 18 14 34 -17 51.9           ~ 21 0
96 AGAL G013.872+00.281 cor 18 14 35.81 -16 45 33.8           ~ 45 1
97 AGAL G012.858-00.272 cor 18 14 36 -17 55.1           ~ 28 0
98 BGPS G012.909-00.260 cor 18 14 39.5540 -17 51 57.776           ~ 15 0
99 IRAS 18134-1942 HII 18 16 22.1327 -19 41 27.219           ~ 72 0
100 [UFM2015] G014.608+00.014 cor 18 17 02.5026 -16 14 40.128           ~ 16 0
101 JCMTSE J181911.9-204726 smm 18 19 12.7 -20 47 31           ~ 10 0
102 [HBM2005] G15.03-0.67 mm 18 20 23.1 -16 11 16           ~ 5 0
103 EGO G016.59-0.05 HII 18 21 07.9 -14 31 53           ~ 129 0
104 AGAL G016.586-00.051 cor 18 21 09.067 -14 31 49.18           ~ 39 0
105 SSTGLMC G016.5783-00.0814 Y*O 18 21 15.046 -14 33 02.41           ~ 33 0
106 [HBM2005] G18.15-0.28 mm 18 25 01.3 -13 15 35           ~ 4 0
107 [WWS2012] G018.17-00.30 cor 18 25 07 -13 14.5           ~ 16 0
108 [WWS2012] G018.30-00.39 cor 18 25 42.4 -13 10 22           ~ 16 0
109 [WWS2012] G019.61-00.14 cor 18 27 17.2650 -11 53 45.320           ~ 15 0
110 [HBM2005] G19.607-0.234 cor 18 27 38.2 -11 56 38           ~ 6 0
111 [WWS2012] G019.70-00.27 cor 18 27 54.8869 -11 52 29.482           ~ 12 0
112 AKARI-FIS-V1 J1829240-151605 smm 18 29 24.363 -15 16 07.70           ~ 8 0
113 [HBM2005] G16.883-2.188 mm 18 29 33.1 -15 15 50           ~ 4 0
114 [HBM2005] G21.87+0.01 mm 18 31 02.1 -09 49 14           ~ 6 0
115 WFS 22 smm 18 31 43.4 -09 22 26           ~ 8 0
116 HIGALBM G023.6888+00.1597 smm 18 33 53.405 -08 08 42.50           ~ 6 0
117 [THW2006] G023.708+00.169SMM smm 18 33 53.5 -08 07 25           ~ 6 0
118 [HBM2005] G24.47+0.49 mm 18 34 10.3 -07 17 45           ~ 4 0
119 [THW2006] G025.650+01.049SMM smm 18 34 21.1 -05 59 43           ~ 6 0
120 [WWS2012] G023.26-00.25 cor 18 34 31.4 -08 42 46           ~ 18 0
121 [HBM2005] G23.268-0.257 cor 18 34 36.197 -08 42 26.51           ~ 16 0
122 AGAL G023.437-00.182 smm 18 34 39 -08 31.6           ~ 31 0
123 [HBM2005] G23.754+0.095 mm 18 36 06.1 -07 13 47           ~ 5 0
124 RRF 159 cor 18 36 12.4 -07 12 14           ~ 46 0
125 CORNISH G024.8497+00.0881 HII 18 36 18.18 -07 08 51.3           ~ 7 0
126 AGAL G024.918+00.087 cor 18 36 25.8 -07 05 10           ~ 21 1
127 [THW2006] G025.72+00.05 b smm 18 38 03.2 -06 23 56           ~ 4 0
128 [PLW2012] G025.835-00.179+092.7 cor 18 39 04.0773 -06 24 06.024           ~ 18 0
129 BGPSv2 G028.149-00.004 cor 18 42 42.502 -04 15 34.44           ~ 7 0
130 [HBM2005] G28.287+0.010 mm 18 42 54.9 -04 07 40           ~ 3 0
131 AGAL G028.199-00.049 cor 18 42 58 -04 14.0           ~ 46 0
132 [WWS2012] G028.20-00.07 cor 18 43 02.98 -04 14 52.8           ~ 6 0
133 [HBM2005] G28.28-0.35 mm 18 44 14.2 -04 17 59           ~ 7 0
134 [THW2006] G028.29-00.36 a smm 18 44 22.2 -04 17 39           ~ 8 0
135 BGPS G029.888-00.000 cor 18 45 53.1333 -02 42 27.291           ~ 9 0
136 [HBM2005] G29.889-0.006 mm 18 45 54.4 -02 42 37           ~ 4 0
137 AGAL G029.921-00.014 cor 18 46 00 -02 41.2           ~ 23 0
138 [HBM2005] G29.86-0.04 mm 18 46 00.2 -02 45 09           ~ 9 0
139 [HBM2005] G29.861-0.053 mm 18 46 01.3 -02 45 25           ~ 5 0
140 [HBM2005] G29.853-0.062 mm 18 46 02.4 -02 45 57           ~ 5 0
141 NAME G29.96-0.02 HMPO cor 18 46 04.0 -02 39 22           ~ 46 0
142 AGAL G029.911-00.042 cor 18 46 05 -02 42.4           ~ 29 0
143 [HBM2005] G29.930-0.040 mm 18 46 06.1 -02 41 25           ~ 4 0
144 [HBM2005] G29.937-0.054 mm 18 46 09.8 -02 41 25           ~ 3 0
145 AGAL G029.931-00.064 cor 18 46 11 -02 42.1           ~ 18 0
146 AGAL G029.976-00.047 cor 18 46 12.25 -02 39 05.9           ~ 31 0
147 [HBM2005] G30.533-0.023 mm 18 46 58.6 -02 07 27           ~ 3 0
148 AGAL G030.854+00.149 cor 18 47 07 -01 46.9           ~ 22 0
149 AGAL G030.898+00.162 cor 18 47 09 -01 44.3           ~ 31 0
150 AGAL G030.893+00.139 cor 18 47 14 -01 45.1           ~ 31 0
151 AGAL G030.866+00.114 cor 18 47 16 -01 47.2           ~ 29 0
152 AGAL G030.588-00.042 cor 18 47 18.8 -02 06 18           ~ 32 0
153 AGAL G030.919+00.091 cor 18 47 27 -01 45.0           ~ 23 0
154 [HBM2005] G30.760-0.027 mm 18 47 34.2 -01 56 41           ~ 3 0
155 IRAS 18449-0115 cor 18 47 34.27 -01 12 43.2           ~ 430 1
156 [HBM2005] G30.682-0.072 cor 18 47 35.4 -02 02 07           ~ 4 0
157 AGAL G030.784-00.021 Y*O 18 47 35.6 -01 55 16           ~ 28 0
158 AGAL G030.703-00.067 cor 18 47 36.6 -02 00 54           ~ 87 0
159 AGAL G030.753-00.051 smm 18 47 38.3 -01 57 44           ~ 34 0
160 AGAL G030.741-00.061 cor 18 47 39.6 -01 58 34           ~ 20 0
161 [HBM2005] G30.716-0.082 cor 18 47 41.3 -02 00 33           ~ 5 0
162 [HBM2005] G30.729-0.078 cor 18 47 41.3 -01 59 45           ~ 4 0
163 AGAL G030.818-00.056 cor 18 47 47.0 -01 54 28           ~ 186 0
164 AGAL G031.121+00.026 cor 18 48 03 -01 36.1           ~ 17 0
165 [HBM2005] G31.256+0.061 mm 18 48 09.7 -01 27 50           ~ 3 0
166 AGAL G031.281+00.062 cor 18 48 13 -01 26.5           ~ 58 0
167 AGAL G031.396-00.257 cor 18 49 33.050 -01 29 03.34           ~ 39 0
168 [HBM2005] G31.388-0.266 cor 18 49 34.2 -01 29 44           ~ 4 0
169 [HBM2005] G32.80+0.19 mm 18 50 30.7 -00 02 00           ~ 3 0
170 AGAL G033.133-00.092 cor 18 52 08 +00 08.2           ~ 32 0
171 [THW2006] G033.92+00.11 cor 18 52 50.371 +00 55 29.54           ~ 30 0
172 [HBM2005] G34.256+0.155 HII 18 53 18.5 +01 14 57           ~ 12 0
173 [WWS2012] G035.03+00.35 cor 18 54 00.7975 +02 01 24.083           ~ 23 0
174 AGAL G035.577+00.067 cor 18 56 01 +02 23.0           ~ 23 0
175 JCMTSE J185604.1+022326 smm 18 56 04 +02 23.5           ~ 13 0
176 [HBM2005] G35.575+0.048 mm 18 56 05.5 +02 22 27           ~ 3 0
177 AGAL G035.054-00.517 cor 18 57 09.03 +01 39 02.8           ~ 22 0
178 AGAL G037.479-00.106 cor 19 00 07 +03 59.9           ~ 24 0
179 [THW2006] G037.545-00.113SMM smm 19 00 16.3 +04 03 11           ~ 4 0
180 [HBM2005] G59.794+0.076 mm 19 43 10.0 +23 44 59           ~ 3 0
181 MSX6C G059.7831+00.0648 Y*O 19 43 11.2464 +23 44 03.270           ~ 159 0
182 IRAS 19410+2336 SFR 19 43 11.5 +23 44 06           ~ 160 0

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