2009MNRAS.397....2E

Query : 2009MNRAS.397....2E

2009MNRAS.397....2E - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 397, 2-13 (2009/July-3)

Hierarchical star formation: stars and stellar clusters in the Gould belt.

ELIAS F., ALFARO E.J. and CABRERA-CANO J.

Abstract (from CDS):

We perform a study of the spatial and kinematical distribution of young open clusters in the solar neighbourhood, discerning between bound clusters and transient stellar condensations within our sample. Then, we discriminate between Gould Belt (GB) and local Galactic disc (LGD) members, using our previous estimate of the structural parameters of both systems obtained from a sample of O-B6 Hipparcos stars. Single membership probabilities of the clusters are also calculated in the separation process. Using this classified sample, we analyse the spatial structure and the kinematic behaviour of the cluster system in the GB. The two star formation regions that dominate and give the GB its characteristic-inclined shape show a striking difference in their content of star clusters: while Ori OB1 is richly populated by open clusters, not a single one can be found within the boundaries of Sco OB2. This is mirrored in the velocity space, translating again into an abundance of clusters in the region of the kinematic space populated by the members of Ori OB1, and a marginal number of them associated with Sco OB2. We interpret all these differences by characterizing the Orion region as a cluster complex typically surrounded by a stellar halo, and the Sco-Cen region as an OB association in the outskirts of the complex. In the light of these results, we study the nature of the GB with respect to the optical segment of the Orion Arm, and we propose that the different content of star clusters, the different heights over the Galactic plane and the different residual velocities of Ori OB1 and Sco OB2 can be explained in terms of their relative position to the density maximum of the Local Arm in the solar neighbourhood. Although morphologically intriguing, the GB appears to be the result of our local and biased view of a larger star cluster complex in the Local Arm, that could be explained by the internal dynamics of the Galactic disc.

Abstract Copyright: © 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 RAS

Journal keyword(s): stars: early-type - stars: formation - open clusters and associations: general - solar neighbourhood

Simbad objects: 95

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Number of rows : 95
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 Cl Berkeley 59 OpC 00 02 17 +67 26.5           ~ 107 0
2 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 6226 1
3 NGC 604 HII 01 34 32.1 +30 47 01           ~ 608 0
4 Cl Mrk 6 OpC 02 29 31.0 +60 35 39   7.53 7.1     ~ 72 0
5 Cl Trumpler 2 OpC 02 36 14.9 +55 54 32           ~ 124 0
6 Cl Stock 23 OpC 03 16 03.0 +60 19 52           ~ 54 0
7 Cl Melotte 20 MGr 03 26 50.6 +48 51 48           ~ 928 0
8 NAME Per Arm PoG 03 30 +45.0           ~ 1672 0
9 Ass Per OB 2 As* 03 42.2 +33 26           ~ 350 0
10 IC 348 OpC 03 44 31.1 +32 10 02           ~ 1476 1
11 [KPR2005] 13 OpC 05 12 53.0 +44 21 18           ~ 44 0
12 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
13 NAME 25 Ori Group OpC 05 24 50.9 +01 41 38           ~ 195 1
14 Cl Collinder 65 OpC 05 26 06 +16 42.0           ~ 35 0
15 [KPR2005] 18 OpC 05 26 10 +00 49.2           ~ 36 0
16 [KPR2005] 19 OpC 05 28 06.0 -01 56 32           ~ 75 0
17 [KPR2005] 21 OpC 05 28 26.6 +03 33 00           ~ 75 0
18 [KPR2005] 20 OpC 05 28 44 +01 37.8           ~ 51 0
19 NGC 1977 OpC 05 35 12.7 -04 48 21           ~ 256 0
20 NGC 1980 OpC 05 35 15.5 -05 55 46     2.5     ~ 132 0
21 M 42 HII 05 35 16.8 -05 23 15           ~ 4411 0
22 NAME Ori Region reg 05 35 17.30 -05 23 28.0           ~ 623 0
23 NGC 1981 OpC 05 35 24.4 -04 29 58     4.2     ~ 99 0
24 Cl Collinder 70 OpC 05 35 30 -01 06.0           ~ 65 0
25 Cl Collinder 69 OpC 05 35 32.1 +09 44 02     2.8     ~ 369 0
26 NAME Ori I As* 05 38 -02.8           ~ 653 0
27 NAME sig Ori Cluster OpC 05 38 42 -02 36.0           ~ 623 0
28 RMC 136 Cl* 05 38 42.396 -69 06 03.36   5.81 5.40     ~ 2236 2
29 NAME HIP 29713 Cluster MGr 06 15 26 +03 50.7           ~ 31 0
30 Cl Collinder 89 OpC 06 18 00 +23 38.0     5.7     ~ 29 0
31 NGC 2232 OpC 06 27 45.6 -04 44 26           ~ 212 0
32 [KPR2005] 24 MGr 06 28 44 -07 01.2           ~ 20 0
33 NGC 2264 OpC 06 40 53.7 +09 52 32           ~ 1876 0
34 Cl Collinder 121 OpC 06 56 20 -24 43.8   3.02 2.6     ~ 156 0
35 [KPR2005] 33 OpC 07 03 11 -25 03.0           ~ 22 0
36 Cl Alessi 21 OpC 07 10 50.3 -09 34 19           ~ 49 0
37 Cl Collinder 132 OpC 07 13 55.4 -30 41 55     3.6     ~ 78 0
38 Cl Collinder 135 OpC 07 17 23.6 -36 57 23           ~ 124 0
39 NGC 2362 OpC 07 18 41.9 -24 57 08           ~ 428 0
40 Cl Collinder 140 OpC 07 23 23.9 -31 58 15           ~ 154 0
41 NGC 2409 OpC 07 31 36.4 -17 13 48   7.48 7.3     ~ 52 0
42 Cl Haffner 13 OpC 07 40 54.3 -30 02 52           ~ 59 0
43 NGC 2451A OpC 07 42 55.4 -38 15 05           ~ 159 0
44 NGC 2451B OpC 07 44 22.6 -37 53 00           ~ 125 0
45 Ass Vel OB 2 As* 08 09 22.478 -47 21 03.46           ~ 307 0
46 NGC 2547 OpC 08 10 01.5 -49 12 08           ~ 445 0
47 NGC 2546 OpC 08 12 39.8 -37 39 34   6.46 6.3     ~ 125 0
48 Cl VDBH 23 OpC 08 14 02.5 -36 18 23           ~ 55 0
49 [KPR2005] 47 OpC 08 31 44 -39 07.9           ~ 27 0
50 NAME Vela SNR 08 34.0 -45 50           ~ 1331 2
51 IC 2391 OpC 08 41 17.5 -53 03 00           ~ 871 0
52 IC 2395 OpC 08 42 09.0 -48 05 14     4.6     ~ 120 1
53 Cl Mamajek 1 OpC 08 42 32.9 -78 57 47           ~ 392 0
54 Cl Trumpler 10 OpC 08 47 46.4 -42 31 52           ~ 203 0
55 Cl Alessi 43 OpC 08 50 27.4 -41 44 30           ~ 56 0
56 Cl VDBH 56 OpC 08 57 37.0 -43 09 02           ~ 48 0
57 Cl Platais 8 OpC 09 06 04.4 -58 25 09           ~ 97 0
58 [KPR2005] 58 OpC 10 14 01.8 -55 06 13           ~ 53 0
59 Cl VDBH 99 OpC 10 38 23.9 -59 09 28           ~ 91 0
60 IC 2602 OpC 10 42 55.9 -64 25 22           ~ 735 0
61 Cl Alessi 5 OpC 10 43 20.9 -61 05 49           ~ 61 0
62 [KPR2005] 69 OpC 12 06 36 -69 46.2           ~ 27 0
63 [KPR2005] 76 OpC 13 52 16 -66 24.0           ~ 18 0
64 Cl VDBH 164 OpC 14 49 10.8 -66 24 23           ~ 58 0
65 NAME Car-Sgr Arm PoG 15 00 -40.0           ~ 581 1
66 [KPR2005] 79 OpC 15 18 58.4 -60 52 41           ~ 43 0
67 [KPR2005] 84 OpC 15 54 54 -60 44.4           ~ 17 0
68 NGC 6025 OpC 16 03 09.4 -60 26 59           ~ 117 0
69 NAME Upper Sco-Cen As* 16 15 -24.2           ~ 1497 1
70 NGC 6087 OpC 16 18 55.7 -57 53 32           ~ 198 0
71 NGC 6322 OpC 17 18 28.3 -42 56 39           ~ 68 0
72 NGC 6383 OpC 17 34 41.6 -32 34 27           ~ 168 0
73 NGC 6405 OpC 17 40 14.5 -32 14 16           ~ 235 0
74 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
75 IC 4665 OpC 17 46 04.0 +05 36 54           ~ 407 0
76 Cl Melotte 186 OpC 18 02 20.8 +03 25 52           ~ 89 0
77 M 20 OpC 18 02 42 -22 58.3           ~ 456 1
78 IC 4725 OpC 18 31 47.5 -19 07 37           ~ 239 0
79 NAME del Lyr Cluster OpC 18 54 11.2 +36 53 54   4.58 3.8     ~ 97 0
80 [KPR2005] 104 OpC 19 38 53 +18 41.4           ~ 20 0
81 [KPR2005] 105 OpC 19 42 25.1 +27 22 42           ~ 48 0
82 Cl Roslund 5 OpC 20 10 30.5 +33 46 04           ~ 62 0
83 Cl Collinder 419 OpC 20 18 07.3 +40 44 03           ~ 53 0
84 IC 1396 OpC 21 38 51.4 +57 31 52           ~ 523 1
85 [KPR2005] 114 OpC 21 40 11.1 +54 01 01           ~ 41 0
86 NGC 7160 OpC 21 53 44.8 +62 35 33   6.34 6.1     ~ 243 0
87 [KPR2005] 118 OpC 22 08 52.9 +61 05 04           ~ 38 0
88 NAME Pismis-Moreno 1 OpC 22 18 38.4 +63 14 19           ~ 44 0
89 NAME I Lac As* 22 41 +38.5           ~ 158 0
90 NAME III CEP ASSOC As* 23 04.2 +63 24           ~ 332 0
91 [KPR2005] 127 OpC 23 09 14.3 +64 59 56           ~ 51 0
92 NAME Pup Vel Region reg ~ ~           ~ 6 0
93 NAME Local Arm reg ~ ~           ~ 649 0
94 NAME Gould Belt PoG ~ ~           ~ 956 1
95 NAME Ori Arm PoG ~ ~           ~ 218 0

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