2010ApJ...717.1067C

Query : 2010ApJ...717.1067C

2010ApJ...717.1067C - Astrophys. J., 717, 1067-1083 (2010/July-2)

Triggered star formation and young stellar population in bright-rimmed cloud SFO 38.

CHOUDHURY R., MOOKERJEA B. and BHATT H.C.

Abstract (from CDS):

We have investigated the young stellar population in and around SFO 38, one of the massive globules located in the northern part of the Galactic H II region IC 1396, using the Spitzer IRAC and MIPS observations (3.6-24 µm), and followed up with ground-based optical photometric and spectroscopic observations. Based on the IRAC and MIPS colors and Hα emission, we identify ∼45 young stellar objects (Classes 0/I/II) and 13 probable pre-main-sequence candidates. We derive the spectral types (mostly K- and M-type stars), effective temperatures, and individual extinction of the relatively bright and optically visible Class II objects. Most of the Class II objects show variable Hα emission as well as optical and near-infrared photometric variability, which confirm their "youth." Based on optical photometry and theoretical isochrones, we estimate the spread in stellar ages to be between 1 and 8 Myr with a median age of 3 Myr and a mass distribution of 0.3-2.2 M_☉ with a median value around 0.5 M_☉. Using the width of the Hα emission line measured at 10% peak intensity, we derive the mass accretion rates of individual objects to be between 10^–10 and 10^–8 M_☉/yr. From the continuum-subtracted Hα line image, we find that the Hα emission of the globule is not spatially symmetric with respect to the O-type ionizing star HD 206267, and the interstellar extinction toward the globule is also anomalous. We clearly detect an enhanced concentration of YSOs closer to the southern rim of SFO 38 and identify an evolutionary sequence of YSOs from the rim to the dense core of the cloud, with most of the Class II objects located at the bright rim. The YSOs appear to be aligned along two different directions toward the O6.5V type star HD 206267 and the B0V type star HD 206773. This is consistent with the Radiation Driven Implosion (RDI) model for triggered star formation. Further, the apparent speed of sequential star formation is consistent with the speed of propagation of shocks in dense globules as derived from numerical simulations of RDI.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): H II regions - ISM: clouds - ISM: individual objects (SFO 38, IC 1396) - stars: low-mass - stars: pre-main sequence

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/717/1067): table1.dat table3.dat table4.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 1: [CMB2010] MIR-NNN (Nos 1-110). Table 2: [CMB2010] NIR-NN (Nos 1-13).

Simbad objects: 138

Full paper

View the references in ADS

Number of rows : 138

N	Identifier	Otype	ICRS (J2000) RA	ICRS (J2000) DEC	Mag U	Mag B	Mag V	Mag R	Mag I	Sp type	#ref 1850 - 2026	#notes
1	NAME Tau-Aur Complex	SFR	04 30	+25.0						~	1453	0
2	V* TT Vol	Mi*	08 58 00.4922044104	-65 34 05.098533132						~	9	0
3	IC 1396	OpC	21 38 51.4	+57 31 52						~	523	1
4	HD 206267	Y*O	21 38 57.6195772032	+57 29 20.554016280	5.09	5.83	5.62		5.56	O6.0V((f))+O9:V	520	0
5	2MASS J21402500+5816106	Y*?	21 40 25.0100944032	+58 16 10.713051732		19.82	18.24	17.18	16.00	~	1	0
6	2MASS J21402543+5815474	Y*?	21 40 25.4233283904	+58 15 47.366982684		20.48	18.88	17.88	16.84	~	1	0
7	2MASS J21402563+5814283	Or*	21 40 25.6353761376	+58 14 28.284266832						M3e	6	0
8	2MASS J21402588+5815262	Y*?	21 40 25.8777666264	+58 15 26.320773276		21.58	19.58	18.37	17.14	~	1	0
9	2MASS J21402686+5814519	Y*?	21 40 26.8878358920	+58 14 51.985182876			20.38	19.15	17.73	~	1	0
10	[OSP2002] BRC 38 2	Or*	21 40 27.3283494888	+58 14 21.256784340		21.11	19.32	17.77	16.37	M1e	13	0
11	[CMB2010] MIR-6	Y*?	21 40 27.38	+58 16 21.3						~	1	0
12	ZTF J214027.99+581514.3	Or*	21 40 28.0025283864	+58 15 14.292546804		21.59	19.39	17.90	16.38	M1e	8	0
13	2MASS J21402839+5816423	Y*?	21 40 28.3900661952	+58 16 42.440361096		17.74	15.74	14.55	13.35	~	1	0
14	[G85] 12	CGb	21 40 29.5	+56 35 33						~	66	0
15	2MASS J21403065+5815000	Y*?	21 40 30.6630036144	+58 15 00.140541084		19.95	18.48	17.60	16.62	~	1	0
16	2MASS J21403102+5815092	Y*?	21 40 31.0275742248	+58 15 09.347511420		17.28	16.07	15.29	14.49	~	1	0
17	ZTF J214031.59+581755.2	Or*	21 40 31.5978273696	+58 17 55.253122188		22.632	19.52	17.94	16.19	M1	10	0
18	2MASS J21403202+5814561	Y*?	21 40 32.027	+58 14 56.10						~	1	0
19	2MASS J21403226+5816536	Y*?	21 40 32.2618609200	+58 16 53.707460700						~	1	0
20	2MASS J21403249+5813473	Y*?	21 40 32.4953889360	+58 13 47.353478232		17.67	16.24	15.38	14.53	~	1	0
21	2MASS J21403275+5817235	Y*?	21 40 32.7495339024	+58 17 23.627780628		16.89	15.26	14.33	13.44	~	1	0
22	[CMB2010] MIR-16	Y*?	21 40 32.84	+58 15 47.8						~	1	0
23	2MASS J21403367+5814449	G	21 40 33.6885936024	+58 14 44.696630004						~	1	0
24	2MASS J21403372+5814595	Y*?	21 40 33.7300817736	+58 14 59.643194424		19.62	17.58	16.30	14.98	~	1	0
25	2MASS J21403409+5818082	Y*?	21 40 34.098	+58 18 08.25						~	1	0
26	[BML2009] C16	out	21 40 34.30	+58 18 23.6						~	2	0
27	[CMB2010] NIR-1	IR	21 40 34.36	+58 16 19.2						~	1	0
28	[CMB2010] MIR-21	Y*?	21 40 34.59	+58 16 11.4						~	1	0
29	[CMB2010] MIR-22	Y*?	21 40 34.76	+58 15 20.9						~	1	0
30	[CMB2010] MIR-23	Y*?	21 40 34.79	+58 16 10.8						~	1	0
31	[CMB2010] MIR-24	out	21 40 35.053	+58 18 22.64						~	1	0
32	[CMB2010] MIR-25	Y*?	21 40 35.11	+58 15 30.9						~	1	0
33	2MASS J21403523+5814050	Y*?	21 40 35.2352214528	+58 14 05.129857392		17.34	16.03	15.20	14.30	~	1	0
34	HH 591	HH	21 40 35.780	+58 18 21.82						~	2	0
35	[CMB2010] NIR-2	IR	21 40 36.46	+58 16 28.7						~	1	0
36	2MASS J21403649+5815237	Y*?	21 40 36.4920095448	+58 15 23.801140548						~	1	0
37	2MASS J21403655+5813458	Or*	21 40 36.5621936256	+58 13 45.919734600		20.58	18.43	16.94	15.42	M1e	10	0
38	2MASS J21403669+5818231	Y*?	21 40 36.693	+58 18 23.11						~	1	0
39	[OSP2002] BRC 38 6	Or*	21 40 36.9154939776	+58 14 37.925007144		17.43	15.71	14.60	13.52	K2e	10	0
40	2MASS J21403704+5815029	Or*	21 40 37.0458507024	+58 15 03.021560712		21.15	19.29	18.01	16.25	M2e	9	0
41	2MASS J21403719+5815466	Y*?	21 40 37.193	+58 15 46.68						~	1	0
42	[CMB2010] NIR-3	IR	21 40 37.57	+58 16 01.2						~	1	0
43	[CMB2010] MIR-34	Y*?	21 40 37.5758832480	+58 15 39.434599224						~	1	0
44	[CMB2010] NIR-4	IR	21 40 38.17	+58 15 32.7						~	1	0
45	[OSP2002] BRC 38 17	Or*	21 40 38.8444602480	+58 13 02.824340556						M3e	6	0
46	[BML2009] K5	out	21 40 39.05	+58 16 03.3						~	1	0
47	[CMB2010] NIR-5	IR	21 40 39.53	+58 15 46.9						~	1	0
48	CXOU J214039.6+581609	Y*O	21 40 39.60	+58 16 09.0						~	4	0
49	[CMB2010] NIR-6	IR	21 40 39.65	+58 15 06.6						~	1	0
50	[BGE2002] BIMA 1	Y*O	21 40 39.67	+58 16 06.2						~	19	0
51	[CMB2010] MIR-37	Y*?	21 40 39.80	+58 18 24.9						~	1	0
52	2MASS J21403988+5818349	Y*O	21 40 39.884	+58 18 34.96						~	3	0
53	[CMB2010] MIR-39	Y*?	21 40 40.15	+58 16 18.2						~	1	0
54	2MASS J21404046+5818261	Y*O	21 40 40.468	+58 18 26.12						~	3	0
55	2MASS J21404100+5816121	Y*O	21 40 41.002	+58 16 12.14						~	7	0
56	2MASS J21404101+5816525	Y*?	21 40 41.011	+58 16 52.53						~	3	0
57	ATO J325.1712+58.2330	Y*O	21 40 41.1068058696	+58 13 58.987884864		19.41	17.49	16.21	14.73	M1	10	0
58	2MASS J21404112+5817541	Y*?	21 40 41.127	+58 17 54.16		19.36	17.65	16.57	15.51	~	1	0
59	2MASS J21404115+5812013	Y*O	21 40 41.15688	+58 12 01.3752						~	5	0
60	2MASS J21404116+5815112	Or*	21 40 41.1651407760	+58 15 11.283089220		21.41	19.45	18.10	16.33	K4e	9	0
61	[CMB2010] MIR-46	Y*?	21 40 41.27	+58 17 14.2						~	1	0
62	2MASS J21404144+5814176	Y*?	21 40 41.4304016160	+58 14 17.684230920			19.86	18.76	17.61	~	1	0
63	2MASS J21404143+5816378	Y*O	21 40 41.438	+58 16 37.80						~	5	0
64	2MASS J21404156+5814255	Or*	21 40 41.5689456672	+58 14 25.669216248		20.91	18.81	17.04	15.69	M0e	10	0
65	[CMB2010] MIR-50	Y*?	21 40 41.71	+58 16 12.6						~	2	0
66	2MASS J21404191+5815230	Y*?	21 40 41.9247671376	+58 15 23.123919348						~	2	0
67	2MASS J21404198+5813491	Y*?	21 40 41.9921845848	+58 13 49.291748364		19.54	18.32	17.52	16.64	~	1	0
68	[BML2009] D1	out	21 40 42.35	+58 18 40.1						~	1	0
69	[BGE2002] BIMA 2	Y*O	21 40 42.36	+58 16 09.7						~	123	0
70	NAME IC 1396 North	CGb	21 40 42.6537	+58 16 01.882						~	193	1
71	[BGE2002] BIMA 3	Y*O	21 40 42.77	+58 16 01.1						~	20	0
72	[CMB2010] NIR-7	IR	21 40 42.81	+58 15 45.3						~	1	0
73	[CPO2009] 128	Or*	21 40 42.8202488376	+58 19 37.385790708			21.135		17.456	~	7	0
74	[NMV2001] YSO 9	Y*O	21 40 43.32	+58 17 16.5						~	3	0
75	2MASS J21404337+5818426	Y*?	21 40 43.379	+58 18 42.68						~	1	0
76	2MASS J21404365+5816190	Y*O	21 40 43.650	+58 16 19.06						~	5	0
77	2MASS J21404368+5814182	Y*?	21 40 43.6912828008	+58 14 18.511120428		20.13	18.75	17.86	16.91	~	1	0
78	[CMB2010] NIR-8	IR	21 40 44.15	+58 15 49.6						~	1	0
79	[CMB2010] MIR-59	Y*?	21 40 44.23	+58 16 52.2						~	1	0
80	2MASS J21404429+5814124	EB*	21 40 44.3058676704	+58 14 12.558087384		20.79	19.13	18.07	17.06	~	2	0
81	2MASS J21404433+5815133	Y*?	21 40 44.335	+58 15 13.36						~	3	0
82	[CMB2010] NIR-9	IR	21 40 44.57	+58 15 51.6						~	1	0
83	2MASS J21404469+5817049	Y*?	21 40 44.690	+58 17 04.94						~	1	0
84	2MASS J21404485+5815033	Or*	21 40 44.8559626680	+58 15 03.402853056			20.49	18.77	17.09	K5e	7	0
85	2MASS J21404485+5816050	Y*O	21 40 44.857	+58 16 05.03						~	5	0
86	[BML2009] F5	out	21 40 44.89	+58 17 47.7						~	1	0
87	[CMB2010] MIR-66	Y*?	21 40 45.11	+58 15 24.0						~	1	0
88	[CMB2010] MIR-67	Y*?	21 40 45.16	+58 15 59.6						~	1	0
89	[CMB2010] MIR-68	G	21 40 45.24	+58 16 41.3						~	1	0
90	[CMB2010] MIR-69	Y*?	21 40 45.29	+58 16 53.3						~	1	0
91	[CMB2010] MIR-70	G	21 40 45.41	+58 16 45.5						~	1	0
92	2MASS J21404551+5815115	Y*?	21 40 45.5170766400	+58 15 11.608480368						~	3	0
93	2MASS J21404553+5816027	Y*?	21 40 45.537	+58 16 02.73						~	2	0
94	[CMB2010] MIR-73	Y*?	21 40 45.76	+58 15 48.9						~	1	0
95	[BML2009] F2	out	21 40 45.82	+58 17 43.0						~	1	0
96	[CMB2010] NIR-10	IR	21 40 45.85	+58 15 40.6						~	1	0
97	[BML2009] F1	out	21 40 46.22	+58 17 40.2						~	1	0
98	ZTF J214046.49+581523.1	Y*O	21 40 46.4985194400	+58 15 23.165863236		19.08	17.16	15.90	14.55	K7	7	0
99	2MASS J21404688+5815334	G	21 40 46.8907832448	+58 15 33.444979344						~	3	0
100	2MASS J21404737+5816372	Y*O	21 40 47.371	+58 16 37.28						~	4	0
101	2MASS J21404745+5817392	Y*?	21 40 47.4614747352	+58 17 39.355025568		21.41	18.56	16.52	14.55	~	1	0
102	2MASS J21404803+5815376	Or*	21 40 48.0351741192	+58 15 37.741974732		21.69	19.81	17.90	16.00	M4	8	0
103	[CMB2010] NIR-11	IR	21 40 48.28	+58 16 18.8						~	1	0
104	2MASS J21404856+5816371	G	21 40 48.5577621672	+58 16 37.169732712						~	1	0
105	2MASS J21404860+5816009	Y*O	21 40 48.610	+58 16 00.96						~	4	0
106	2MASS J21404887+5816230	Y*?	21 40 48.8779561464	+58 16 22.830196044						~	1	0
107	2MASS J21404888+5815108	Or*	21 40 48.9071625096	+58 15 10.972752048						~	4	0
108	2MASS J21404907+5817195	Y*?	21 40 49.074	+58 17 19.54						~	1	0
109	2MASS J21404908+5817093	Or*	21 40 49.0940935968	+58 17 09.428337600			21.541		17.932	~	7	0
110	2MASS J21404932+5814113	Y*?	21 40 49.3243686912	+58 14 11.378047848		19.72	17.72	16.50	15.28	~	1	0
111	2MASS J21404972+5817373	Y*?	21 40 49.721	+58 17 37.37						~	1	0
112	[CMB2010] NIR-12	IR	21 40 50.55	+58 16 01.8						~	1	0
113	[CMB2010] MIR-89	G	21 40 51.07	+58 16 24.3						~	1	0
114	[CMB2010] NIR-13	IR	21 40 51.14	+58 17 01.5						~	1	0
115	2MASS J21405126+5816389	Y*?	21 40 51.2559205440	+58 16 39.071909424		18.15	16.85	16.04	15.26	~	1	0
116	2MASS J21405184+5816292	Y*?	21 40 51.8476281456	+58 16 29.315596908						~	1	0
117	[CMB2010] MIR-92	Y*?	21 40 51.90	+58 17 01.6						~	1	0
118	[CMB2010] MIR-93	G	21 40 51.97	+58 16 23.6						~	1	0
119	2MASS J21405228+5817461	Y*?	21 40 52.2960825000	+58 17 46.174591896						~	1	0
120	2MASS J21405301+5818011	Y*?	21 40 53.0129880456	+58 18 01.227353400			20.16	18.71	17.34	~	1	0
121	2MASS J21405314+5814574	Y*?	21 40 53.1569186568	+58 14 57.510491712		19.23	17.85	16.94	16.02	~	1	0
122	2MASS J21405343+5814519	Y*?	21 40 53.4543367776	+58 14 52.014005016		20.06	18.63	17.76	16.83	~	1	0
123	[CMB2010] MIR-98	IR	21 40 53.68	+58 16 41.2						~	1	0
124	[CMB2010] MIR-99	Y*?	21 40 55.68	+58 15 50.8						~	1	0
125	[CMB2010] MIR-101	G	21 40 55.88	+58 15 34.8						~	1	0
126	2MASS J21405588+5814163	Y*?	21 40 55.8877478640	+58 14 16.378120788		18.31	16.86	16.03	15.28	~	1	0
127	2MASS J21405595+5817078	Y*?	21 40 55.9583831184	+58 17 07.964136564						~	1	0
128	2MASS J21405708+5816290	Y*?	21 40 57.0955670976	+58 16 29.146554804						~	1	0
129	2MASS J21405710+5816567	G	21 40 57.102	+58 16 56.73						~	1	0
130	2MASS J21405730+5816419	Y*O	21 40 57.302	+58 16 41.93						~	3	0
131	2MASS J21405749+5814436	Y*?	21 40 57.4990770384	+58 14 43.688171940		18.87	17.75	16.96	16.21	~	1	0
132	2MASS J21405803+5815119	Y*?	21 40 58.040	+58 15 11.99		19.50	18.12	17.22	16.27	~	1	0
133	2MASS J21405847+5816205	Y*?	21 40 58.4849813376	+58 16 20.604018216		18.94	17.31	16.13	14.86	~	1	0
134	2MASS J21405853+5815003	Y*?	21 40 58.5418362624	+58 15 00.485774820		18.17	16.17	15.00	13.86	~	1	0
135	2MASS J21405974+5817333	Y*?	21 40 59.7439406568	+58 17 33.409415148			19.78	17.76	15.76	~	1	0
136	2MASS J21410183+5815257	Em*	21 41 01.83	+58 15 25.8						~	3	0
137	HD 206773	Be*	21 42 24.1853979312	+57 44 09.795762276	6.30	7.10	6.87			B0V:pe	178	0
138	Ass Cep OB 2	As*	21 51	+60.0						~	303	0

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