2010MNRAS.401..559M

Query : 2010MNRAS.401..559M

2010MNRAS.401..559M - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 401, 559-576 (2010/January-1)

2MASS photometry of edge-on spiral galaxies - I. Sample and general results.

MOSENKOV A.V., SOTNIKOVA N.Ya. and RESHETNIKOV V.P.

Abstract (from CDS):

A sample of edge-on spiral galaxies aimed at a thorough study of the main structural and photometric parameters of edge-on galaxies, both of early- and late-types, is presented. The data were taken from the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) in the J, H and Ksfilters. The sources were selected according to their angular size mainly on the basis of the 2MASS-selected Flat Galaxy Catalog (2MFGC). The sample consists of 175 galaxies in the Ksfilter, 169 galaxies in the H filter and 165 galaxies in the J filter. We present bulge and disc decompositions of each galaxy image. All galaxies have been modelled with a Sérsic bulge and exponential disc with the budda v2.1 package. Bulge and disc sizes, profile shapes, surface brightnesses are provided. Our sample is the biggest up-to-date sample of edge-on galaxies with derived structural parameters for discs and bulges. In this paper, we present the general results of the study of this sample. We determine several scaling relations for bulges and discs which indicate a tight link between their formation and evolution. We show that galaxies with bulges fitted by the Sérsic index n ≲ 2 have quite different distributions of their structural parameters than galaxies with n ≳ 2 bulges. At a first approximation the Sérsic index threshold n ≃ 2 can be used to identify pseudobulges and classical bulges. Thus, the difference in parameter distributions and scaling relations for these subsamples suggests that two or more processes are responsible for disc galaxy formation. The main conclusions of our general statistical analysis of the sample are as follows.

(i) The distribution of the apparent bulge axis ratio qb for the subsample with n ≲ 2 can be attributed to triaxial, nearly prolate bulges that are seen from different projections, while n ≳ 2 bulges seem to be oblate spheroids with moderate flattening. Triaxiality of late-type bulges may be due to the presence of a bar that thickened in the vertical direction during its secular evolution.

(ii) For the sample galaxies, the effective radius of the bulge re,b, the disc scalelength h and the disc scaleheight z0 are well correlated. However, there is a clear trend for the ratio re,b/h to increase with n. As n is an indicator of the Hubble type, such a trend unambiguously rules out the widely discussed hypothesis of a scale-free Hubble sequence. The found correlation between z0 and re,bis new and was not described earlier.

(iii) There is a hint that the fundamental planes of discs, which links only disc parameters and the maximum rotational velocity of gas, are different for galaxies with different bulges. This may indicate a real difference of discs in galaxies with low- and high-concentration bulges.

(iv) The most surprising result arises from the investigation of the photometric plane of sample bulges. It turns that the plane is not flat and has a prominent curvature towards small values of n. For bulges, this fact was not noted earlier.

(v) The clear relation between the flattening of stellar discs h/z0 and the relative mass of a spherical component, including a dark halo, is confirmed not for bulgeless galaxies but for galaxies with massive bulges.

Many of our results are in good agreement with the results of other authors, several ones are new. Thus, our sample is very useful for further detailed studying and modelling of the edge-on spiral galaxies.


Abstract Copyright: © 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 RAS

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: fundamental parameters - galaxies: general - galaxies: photometry - galaxies: spiral - infrared: galaxies

Simbad objects: 176

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Number of rows : 176
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 7814 GiG 00 03 14.947 +16 08 42.82   12.0       ~ 313 1
2 NGC 100 LSB 00 24 02.837 +16 29 11.00   14.6       ~ 139 0
3 Z 550-2 AG? 00 25 29.919 +45 55 18.20   14.9       ~ 27 0
4 Z 501-29 GiG 00 52 12.1521708744 +29 40 37.037101512   14.3       ~ 34 0
5 NGC 360 Sy2 01 02 51.4684833528 -65 36 35.652293964   13.42   11.99 12.5 ~ 103 0
6 NGC 482 AG? 01 20 20.4214214952 -40 57 57.962780856   14.50   12.80   ~ 26 0
7 NGC 504 GiG 01 23 27.9067252392 +33 12 15.711056856   14.0       ~ 68 0
8 NGC 527 GiG 01 23 58.1497596696 -35 06 54.407099880   14.07   12.50   ~ 42 1
9 NGC 522 GiG 01 24 45.85467 +09 59 40.6430   14.2       ~ 113 0
10 NGC 565 Sy2 01 28 10.1928353904 -01 18 21.577353372   14.5       ~ 41 0
11 IC 127 EmG 01 29 47.599 -06 58 48.21   9.9 9.2     ~ 42 1
12 NGC 585 LIN 01 31 42.0986134608 -00 55 58.680941628   14.4       ~ 72 0
13 Z 386-10 GiC 01 34 02.4430142040 -01 04 32.872210392   14.9       ~ 62 0
14 MCG-06-04-050 EmG 01 34 51.2977756128 -36 08 14.160509484   14.16   12.72   ~ 71 1
15 Z 521-61 GiG 01 38 34.7938466856 +34 59 31.687184436   14.0       ~ 29 0
16 NGC 653 GiG 01 42 25.7601128976 +35 38 18.089438964   14.1       ~ 35 0
17 NGC 669 AGN 01 47 16.1232125832 +35 33 47.815596864   12.9       ~ 83 0
18 NGC 684 GiG 01 50 14.0303429016 +27 38 44.449266768   13.2       ~ 73 0
19 ESO 13-24 G 01 53 18.4943998176 -78 14 20.593845924   14.94   13.45   ~ 19 0
20 Z 461-33 G 02 02 34.3907061672 +17 10 03.588094380   15.1       ~ 32 0
21 IC 207 GiG 02 09 39.357 -06 55 19.64   14.51   13.35   ~ 29 0
22 NGC 861 GiG 02 15 51.1388367000 +35 54 48.927230640   14.8       ~ 33 0
23 Z 439-1 GiG 02 21 31.011 +14 11 55.92   14.8       ~ 55 0
24 NGC 891 H2G 02 22 32.907 +42 20 53.95 11.08 10.81 9.93 7.86   ~ 1741 2
25 Z 483-63 AG? 02 28 22.1180270592 +23 12 52.559633268   15.0       ~ 68 0
26 NGC 955 EmG 02 30 33.1410630408 -01 06 30.307542912 13.29 12.93 11.97 13.0 12.4 ~ 112 1
27 NGC 960 Sy2 02 31 41.302 -09 18 01.01   14   13.74   ~ 36 0
28 NGC 973 Sy2 02 34 20.101 +32 30 20.01   13.7   9.8   ~ 156 0
29 MCG-02-07-038 Sy2 02 35 35.8429971648 -12 16 33.929040504   14   13.40   ~ 28 0
30 NGC 1029 GiP 02 39 36.5358324432 +10 47 35.712677904   14.20 13.11 12.47 11.52 ~ 50 0
31 MCG-05-07-029 GiC 02 48 40.805 -31 32 10.62   14.68   13.30 13.7 ~ 72 0
32 MCG+04-07-025 GiG 02 49 31.4394510432 +22 08 39.050724624   16.0       ~ 25 0
33 MCG-02-08-012 Sy1 02 50 17.747 -08 35 49.39   14   13.68   ~ 65 1
34 MCG-02-09-013 Sy2 03 11 33.7890500160 -10 36 34.798922568   15   13.82   ~ 27 0
35 NGC 1247 GiG 03 12 14.319 -10 28 52.03   13   12.14   ~ 58 0
36 NGC 1184 AG? 03 16 45.2465334144 +80 47 36.126196836   13.58 12.19     ~ 37 0
37 IC 335 GiG 03 35 31.0692175536 -34 26 49.368859656   12.90   11.71   ~ 147 0
38 IC 1970 Sy2 03 36 31.524 -43 57 24.64   12.86 12.44 11.51 12.1 ~ 69 0
39 NGC 1381 GiP 03 36 31.6592184144 -35 17 42.739221912 12.90 12.47 11.50 11.02   ~ 269 1
40 NGC 1380A GiG 03 36 47.5007323848 -34 44 22.739259552 13.63 13.36 12.41 12.00   ~ 156 1
41 NGC 1394 GiG 03 39 06.9236093544 -18 17 32.446449996 14.28 13.66 12.81 12.36   ~ 38 1
42 NGC 1401 GiG 03 39 21.8514183408 -22 43 28.921951380   13.32   11.95   ~ 55 0
43 MCG-02-10-009 Sy2 03 42 56.065 -12 54 59.10   14.10   13.6 13.0 ~ 80 0
44 NGC 1529 GiG 04 07 19.8961006320 -62 53 57.619933332   14.39   12.92   ~ 27 0
45 ESO 201-22 AG? 04 08 59.922 -48 43 37.49   14.73   14.3 13.8 ~ 60 0
46 IC 2058 EmG 04 17 54.3720552624 -55 55 57.738342360   13.90   12.94 13.2 ~ 100 2
47 NGC 1596 GiP 04 27 38.1079224792 -55 01 39.852944076   12.01 10.97 10.54   ~ 121 0
48 IC 2085 GiP 04 31 24.236 -54 25 00.75   14.26   12.96   ~ 65 0
49 ESO 251-28 G 04 43 36.9023958144 -44 58 31.140732000   14.74   13.30   ~ 18 0
50 MCG-06-12-012 AG? 05 16 38.800 -37 06 09.07   13.05   11.78 12.5 ~ 91 0
51 NGC 1886 Sy2 05 21 48.1563158664 -23 48 36.315007812   13.62   12.28   ~ 82 0
52 Z 347-18 GiG 05 39 37.108 +77 18 44.89   15.60       ~ 72 0
53 ESO 555-23 Sy2 06 01 36.1142603928 -20 20 30.209577612   15.06   13.44   ~ 19 0
54 MCG-03-16-012 GiG 06 05 00.6717066624 -18 14 50.852207256   15.24   13.46   ~ 15 0
55 ESO 5-4 Sy2 06 05 41.721 -86 37 55.02   13.55   11.88 12.2 ~ 174 1
56 ESO 121-6 Sy2 06 07 29.855 -61 48 27.28   13.45   12.09 12.2 ~ 98 0
57 ESO 87-4 GiG 06 19 57.8228676408 -64 51 53.479595232   15.34   13.63   ~ 19 0
58 Z 329-32 AG? 06 32 37.610 +71 33 39.42   15.60       ~ 61 0
59 NGC 2295 GiG 06 47 23.4051516168 -26 44 10.678368444   13.58   11.90   ~ 30 0
60 NGC 2310 AG? 06 53 53.9856718776 -40 51 45.766145412 13.20 12.68 11.76 11.16   ~ 79 1
61 NGC 2357 GiG 07 17 40.981 +23 21 24.28   14.6       ~ 71 0
62 NGC 2424 LIN 07 40 39.2939840088 +39 13 59.879590860   13.9       ~ 85 0
63 Z 286-61 G 07 47 21.1374035232 +59 01 07.286004948   15.4       ~ 26 0
64 MCG-07-16-001 AG? 07 47 34.050 -41 27 07.71   12.83   11.14   ~ 43 0
65 IC 2207 Sy2 07 49 50.897 +33 57 44.14   15.4       ~ 70 0
66 Z 88-23 GiG 08 02 57.5341108608 +16 17 57.510231288   14.7       ~ 33 0
67 Z 208-33 G 08 38 44.4762573144 +43 32 51.074079216   15.0       ~ 31 0
68 Z 89-64 AG? 08 40 53.7868989408 +19 21 17.430073092   14.8       ~ 33 0
69 Z 331-56 AG? 08 42 20.9931785472 +73 41 30.460439220   15.5       ~ 8 0
70 MCG-03-22-015 Sy2 08 42 57.122 -20 03 04.27   13.5   13.4 13.0 ~ 67 0
71 NGC 2654 SyG 08 49 11.8211394432 +60 13 16.366909476   12.80       ~ 148 0
72 MCG-01-24-001 EmG 09 10 49.4891689392 -08 53 26.684729628   12.1   10.80 11.6 ~ 63 0
73 MCG-03-24-001 Sy2 09 11 54.664 -20 07 00.82   14.39   13.03 13.0 ~ 68 0
74 ESO 433-12 SyG 09 18 13.4780416272 -32 29 00.614499396   14.2       ~ 22 0
75 NGC 2862 SyG 09 24 55.1049981312 +26 46 28.778156544   13.80       ~ 88 0
76 ESO 373-13 Sy2 09 38 20.464 -33 51 45.84   15.36   13.90   ~ 33 0
77 NGC 2946 GiG 09 39 01.538 +17 01 30.58   14.8       ~ 30 0
78 Z 63-40 LIN 09 41 32.208 +11 24 47.96   15.1       ~ 64 0
79 ESO 315-20 Sy2 09 42 22.082 -41 48 57.30   17.02   14.60   ~ 33 0
80 NGC 3044 AG? 09 53 40.884 +01 34 46.74   12.7   12.7 12.3 ~ 239 1
81 Z 239-45 LIN 09 57 35.5956947520 +45 13 47.729515872   14.70   13.16   ~ 39 0
82 NGC 3126 LIN 10 08 20.6500060056 +31 51 45.553436604   13.50       ~ 61 0
83 ESO 263-15 AG? 10 12 19.856 -47 17 41.51   14.42   12.87 13.4 ~ 50 0
84 NGC 3203 GiG 10 19 33.8163340224 -26 41 55.783685292   13.22   11.65   ~ 67 0
85 IC 615 LIN 10 27 21.9624412080 +11 04 47.824937472   15.1       ~ 48 0
86 NGC 3279 GiG 10 34 42.792 +11 11 50.08   14.10       ~ 110 0
87 MCG-04-25-049 GiG 10 37 45.308 -26 37 50.47   13.79   12.50   ~ 39 0
88 NGC 3390 LIN 10 48 04.343 -31 32 00.04   13.24 13.41 11.43   ~ 90 1
89 NGC 3404 EmG 10 50 17.9811573624 -12 06 31.142976300   14.49       ~ 45 0
90 NGC 3431 Sy2 10 51 15.0493220328 -17 00 29.027211696   14.3   13.39 13.8 ~ 75 0
91 MCG+05-26-026 EmG 10 53 38.529 +26 54 35.09   16.0       ~ 44 0
92 MCG-01-28-005 GiG 10 54 20.5746158976 -04 20 47.868342900   15   13.808   ~ 25 0
93 NGC 3501 GiP 11 02 47.307 +17 59 22.31   13.8       ~ 152 0
94 Z 267-39 G 11 06 38.555 +53 22 01.24   15.3       ~ 33 0
95 NGC 3539 LIN 11 09 08.8353556008 +28 40 20.936303616   15.47       ~ 44 1
96 NGC 3564 EmG 11 10 36.3803064480 -37 32 51.219735648   13.31 12.21 11.67   ~ 58 0
97 NGC 3628 LIN 11 20 17.018 +13 35 22.16   10.42 9.48 9.22   ~ 853 3
98 NGC 3692 SyG 11 28 24.0160234080 +09 24 27.763742052   12.9       ~ 126 0
99 NGC 3717 EmG 11 31 31.992 -30 18 27.86   12.21   10.56 11.0 ~ 107 1
100 NGC 3957 Sy2 11 54 01.5349526640 -19 34 08.004900504   13.00   11.42   ~ 97 0
101 NGC 4013 GiG 11 58 31.417 +43 56 49.28   12.4       ~ 447 1
102 NGC 4026 GiP 11 59 25.0914676128 +50 57 41.951225700   12.17       ~ 290 0
103 NGC 4149 GiG 12 10 32.854 +58 18 14.81   13.9       ~ 72 0
104 MCG-06-27-007 Sy1 12 11 42.089 -38 32 54.82   14.26   12.39   ~ 66 0
105 NGC 4183 GiG 12 13 16.860 +43 41 53.77   13.5       ~ 213 0
106 NGC 4217 GiG 12 15 50.900 +47 05 30.44   12.4       ~ 324 2
107 NGC 4222 GiC 12 16 22.522 +13 18 25.46   13.86       ~ 208 1
108 NGC 4235 Sy1 12 17 09.8818997904 +07 11 29.673389004   14.70 13.60     ~ 441 0
109 NGC 4244 GiG 12 17 29.659 +37 48 25.60   10.71   9.99   ~ 582 1
110 NGC 4256 GiP 12 18 43.0841510160 +65 53 53.778611796   12.7       ~ 87 0
111 NGC 4266 AGN 12 19 42.316 +05 32 17.52   15.0       ~ 76 0
112 MCG-04-29-019 Sy2 12 20 10.1608836912 -26 04 00.152684508   14.60   13.15   ~ 52 0
113 MCG+06-27-047 EmG 12 20 15.689 +33 39 39.09   16.0       ~ 43 0
114 MCG-02-32-006 EmG 12 21 43.960 -12 28 19.94   15   13.82   ~ 34 0
115 NGC 4330 GiG 12 23 17.249 +11 22 04.73   14.0       ~ 246 0
116 NGC 4417 GiP 12 26 50.6084412168 +09 35 03.354168804   12.2       ~ 268 0
117 NGC 4437 AGN 12 32 45.586 +00 06 54.14   11.1   11.1 10.6 ~ 307 0
118 NGC 4565 Sy2 12 36 20.804 +25 59 14.61   13.61 12.43     ~ 991 0
119 NGC 4570 GiG 12 36 53.3828233728 +07 14 47.697174852   11.8       ~ 342 0
120 MCG-04-30-014 AG? 12 45 42.2243987280 -26 14 37.617736020   14.10   12.62 13.2 ~ 55 0
121 NGC 4686 Sy2 12 46 39.8877786744 +54 32 03.290128944   13.7       ~ 87 0
122 IC 3799 EmG 12 48 59.656 -14 23 57.25   14.1   15.15 13.5 ~ 44 0
123 NGC 4703 Sy2 12 49 18.9608997312 -09 06 30.518470296   14.5       ~ 44 0
124 NGC 4710 H2G 12 49 38.958 +15 09 55.76   11.6       ~ 329 0
125 NGC 4835A EmG 12 57 13.154 -46 22 28.79   14.07   13.7 13.5 ~ 58 0
126 MCG-02-33-076 AG? 12 58 30.5913925800 -15 31 59.435410152   14   13.39   ~ 23 0
127 NGC 4866 LIN 12 59 27.0952921176 +14 10 16.382228232   11.9       ~ 220 0
128 Z 245-10 Sy2 13 00 30.4281879696 +48 18 30.483987948   15.7       ~ 22 0
129 IC 844 GiG 13 03 18.2354683416 -30 31 15.679308720   13.69   12.33 12.46 ~ 37 0
130 MCG-05-31-025 GiG 13 03 29.7234464952 -29 49 43.429524960   14.01   12.53   ~ 85 0
131 MCG-01-33-076 Sy2 13 03 46.4566411344 -05 08 00.635157276   15   13.25   ~ 42 0
132 IC 4202 EmG 13 08 31.5891545640 +24 42 02.857607676   15.2       ~ 113 0
133 NGC 5023 EmG 13 12 11.8036148808 +44 02 17.328663600   13.2       ~ 265 0
134 NGC 5047 GiP 13 15 48.4943053680 -16 31 07.822979652   13.7   12.40   ~ 37 0
135 MCG-03-34-041 GiP 13 17 06.119 -16 15 07.80   13.5   13.45   ~ 64 0
136 NGC 5073 Sy2 13 19 20.6629199856 -14 50 40.937423928   13.46   12.19   ~ 102 0
137 IC 881 LIN 13 19 56.3478150384 +15 51 01.909372032   14.8       ~ 35 0
138 NGC 5119 GiG 13 24 00.3306115344 -12 16 35.288253084   14   12.93   ~ 33 0
139 Z 271-42 LIN 13 27 45.7025842992 +54 47 56.826573540   15.7       ~ 31 0
140 MCG-04-32-019 EmG 13 27 56.3718046296 -25 51 22.461435936   14.97   13.48 13.58 ~ 48 0
141 NGC 5290 Sy2 13 45 19.1579940768 +41 42 44.473535424   17.80 16.50     ~ 188 1
142 Z 295-11 G 13 45 38.9401268880 +56 36 59.413966200   14.8       ~ 26 0
143 NGC 5308 GiP 13 47 00.4361008824 +60 58 23.334066588   12.5       ~ 217 0
144 MCG-06-31-003 Sy2 13 56 16.9216592448 -34 32 25.565193924   14.77   13.32 13.34 ~ 26 0
145 NGC 5365A EmG 13 56 39.525 -44 00 33.12   13.60 13.52 11.85   ~ 44 0
146 IC 4351 Sy2 13 57 54.2162446512 -29 18 56.412671328   12.61   11.12 11.5 ~ 121 0
147 ESO 446-18 Sy2 14 08 38.287 -29 34 19.34   14.91   13.48 14.87 ~ 67 0
148 NGC 5529 GiP 14 15 34.226 +36 13 37.12   12.9       ~ 164 2
149 IC 4393 Sy2 14 17 48.951 -31 20 57.12   14.59   13.20 13.5 ~ 74 0
150 NGC 5553 LIN 14 18 29.7310357320 +26 17 16.224757188   14.8       ~ 29 0
151 NGC 5714 GiG 14 38 11.5257329928 +46 38 18.035624940   14.2       ~ 112 0
152 MCG-04-35-003 EmG 14 40 11.418 -25 46 35.55   14.36   12.37   ~ 52 0
153 IC 1048 GiP 14 42 57.876 +04 53 24.46   14.0       ~ 112 0
154 NGC 5746 GiP 14 44 56.005 +01 57 17.06   12.3       ~ 375 0
155 IC 4484 AG? 14 47 43.894 -73 18 21.46   14.23   14.39 13.3 ~ 44 0
156 NGC 5775 GiG 14 53 57.653 +03 32 40.10   13.0 11.34     ~ 460 2
157 IC 1110 AG? 15 12 05.0791549656 +67 21 45.237275604   14.90       ~ 38 0
158 NGC 5906 GiG 15 15 53.687 +56 19 43.86   11.4       ~ 807 0
159 NGC 5908 GiG 15 16 43.2078654048 +55 24 33.341168448   13.5       ~ 174 1
160 MCG-06-34-005 Sy2 15 23 24.7883825520 -37 22 38.096793516   14.53   12.73   ~ 17 0
161 NGC 5965 SyG 15 34 02.3002830024 +56 41 08.509684740   13.4       ~ 133 0
162 NGC 5981 GiG 15 37 53.5014542688 +59 23 30.529061988   14.2       ~ 110 0
163 Z 171-33 GiG 17 57 10.642 +27 57 41.17   14.9       ~ 40 0
164 IC 4871 EmG 19 35 42.224 -57 31 09.30   14.03   12.73 13.2 ~ 68 0
165 ESO 340-8 Sy2 20 17 11.8389133440 -40 55 25.314812724   15.45   14.50 14.8 ~ 53 0
166 MCG-07-42-004 EmG 20 24 43.601 -41 30 43.47   14.85   13.58   ~ 37 0
167 Z 424-40 G 20 41 30.2291529456 +13 04 23.044615716   15.6       ~ 22 0
168 IC 5096 GiG 21 18 21.511 -63 45 38.43   13.32   11.73 12.3 ~ 68 0
169 MCG-05-51-008 EmG 21 40 29.480 -26 31 40.68   13.92   13.7 13.3 ~ 67 0
170 MCG-07-45-002 Sy2 21 59 17.8140093336 -43 52 01.109469720   13.97   12.67   ~ 59 0
171 IC 5181 GiG 22 13 21.6790033968 -46 01 03.201587940   12.44 11.69 10.91   ~ 81 0
172 MCG-05-52-050 GiC 22 14 03.018 -26 56 15.77   14.21   13.00 13.4 ~ 87 0
173 NGC 7232 GiP 22 15 38.0197322088 -45 51 00.409784904   12.58 11.79 11.00 11.9 ~ 62 0
174 Z 476-13 AG? 23 20 52.778 +23 48 26.91   15.6       ~ 46 0
175 ESO 240-11 EmG 23 37 49.4188489776 -47 43 38.430144948   13.05   11.69 12.3 ~ 122 1
176 MCG-05-56-019 GiG 23 49 51.2085112968 -27 57 04.004849376   14.74   13.36   ~ 19 0

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