2010MNRAS.405.1047G

Query : 2010MNRAS.405.1047G

2010MNRAS.405.1047G - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 405, 1047-1060 (2010/June-3)

Revealing evolved massive stars with Spitzer.

GVARAMADZE V.V., KNIAZEV A.Y. and FABRIKA S.

Abstract (from CDS):

Massive evolved stars lose a large fraction of their mass via copious stellar wind or instant outbursts. During certain evolutionary phases, they can be identified by the presence of their circumstellar nebulae. In this paper, we present the results of a search for compact nebulae (reminiscent of circumstellar nebulae around evolved massive stars) using archival 24-µm data obtained with the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer. We have discovered 115 nebulae, most of which bear a striking resemblance to the circumstellar nebulae associated with luminous blue variables (LBVs) and late WN-type (WNL) Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars in the Milky Way and the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). We interpret this similarity as an indication that the central stars of detected nebulae are either LBVs or related evolved massive stars. Our interpretation is supported by follow-up spectroscopy of two dozen of these central stars, most of which turn out to be either candidate LBVs (cLBVs), blue supergiants or WNL stars. We expect that the forthcoming spectroscopy of the remaining objects from our list, accompanied by the spectrophotometric monitoring of the already discovered cLBVs, will further increase the known population of Galactic LBVs. This, in turn, will have profound consequences for better understanding the LBV phenomenon and its role in the transition between hydrogen-burning O stars and helium-burning WR stars. We also report on the detection of an arc-like structure attached to the cLBV HD 326823 and an arc associated with the LBV R99 (HD 269445) in the LMC.

Abstract Copyright: © 2010 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 RAS

Journal keyword(s): circumstellar matter - stars: emission-line, Be - stars: individual: HD 326823 - stars: individual: HD 269445 - stars: Wolf-Rayet

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/MNRAS/405/1047): table1.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 1: [GKF2010] MNNNN (Nos MN1-MN115).

Simbad objects: 142

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Number of rows : 142
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 6226 1
2 Brey 2 WR* 04 49 36.2527075920 -69 20 54.744608760 15.633 16.495 16.579   16.447 WN2b(h) 39 0
3 HD 33133 WR* 05 03 08.9126630616 -66 40 57.492259824   12.46 12.63 12.85   WN7h 99 0
4 HD 269445 WR* 05 22 59.7855849168 -68 01 46.635948408 10.79 11.77 11.520 11.41 10.979 Ofpe/WN9 137 0
5 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
6 WRAY 15-682 WR* 10 53 59.5777329720 -60 26 44.361095316   11.64 10.85 10.56   WN11h 155 3
7 V* AG Car WR* 10 56 11.5781414448 -60 27 12.810673260 7.00 7.57 6.96 7.73   WN11h 649 0
8 NAME Sher 25 star * 11 15 07.6447245696 -61 15 17.611428348   13.63 12.27     B1.5Iab 82 1
9 IRAS 11419-6228 * 11 44 18.0381487224 -62 45 20.985656256   17.37 17.04 14.85 13.32 ~ 6 0
10 [GKF2010] MN2 * 12 00 58.7973761376 -63 12 59.827438260     13.23 15.44   ~ 3 1
11 [GKF2010] MN3 * 12 10 13.375 -62 50 58.33           ~ 1 0
12 [GKF2010] MN4 * 12 17 10.3531585464 -62 06 27.179196804           ~ 1 0
13 IRAS 12268-6156 cor 12 29 41.6729231760 -62 13 08.448747492   16.60 16.71 17.47   ~ 9 0
14 [GKF2010] MN6 * 12 47 17.735 -63 00 34.28           ~ 2 0
15 THA 17-18 Be* 13 10 04.8535562112 -63 11 29.981336604       13.952   B0[e]+M2/3 45 0
16 [GKF2010] MN8 LP? 13 10 43.8428893968 -63 17 45.820034412     16.21   16.11 ~ 5 0
17 [GKF2010] MN9 WR* 13 14 57.048 -62 23 53.34           WN8 4 0
18 CD-61 3738 * 13 19 33.8731305816 -62 38 44.806313148 10.97 11.11 10.40 10.17   OBe: 28 0
19 DZOA 4638-16 * 13 27 08.1006934800 -62 03 20.060967276       17.62   ~ 3 0
20 [GKF2010] MN12 * 13 27 17.846 -63 19 28.14           ~ 6 0
21 IRAS 13390-6233 bub 13 42 33.083 -62 48 11.34           ~ 6 0
22 [GKF2010] MN14 Y*? 14 31 11.0608392744 -61 02 01.280371884   14.22 13.27 12.98   ~ 4 0
23 IRAS 14577-5748 * 15 01 35.0090802648 -58 00 26.223279192           ~ 4 0
24 [GKF2010] MN16 * 15 07 56.214 -58 18 25.02   17.47 17.34 16.58 14.03 ~ 2 0
25 [GKF2010] MN17 * 15 13 42.1643520864 -58 53 18.547079748   18.58   17.37   ~ 1 0
26 PN G321.0-00.7 PN 15 16 31.9 -58 23 14           ~ 6 0
27 IRAS 15127-5811 s*b 15 16 41.0010590952 -58 22 25.958926380   15.34 13.40 12.500 10.91 B1Ia 13 0
28 IRAS 15161-5713 * 15 19 59.9016274824 -57 24 15.184030500   16.86 15.64 14.78   ~ 2 0
29 [GKF2010] MN20 bub 15 31 41.3 -56 08 53           ~ 2 0
30 [GKF2010] MN21 LP? 15 33 08.0936560440 -56 12 20.052688212           ~ 4 0
31 [GKF2010] MN22 * 15 34 12.007 -55 29 57.43           ~ 2 0
32 [GKF2010] MN23 WR* 15 35 26.5288583832 -56 04 12.299448072           WN7 8 0
33 IRAS 15319-5547 * 15 35 52.9982081328 -55 57 04.596469128           ~ 2 0
34 [GKF2010] MN25 * 15 38 56.7707720016 -56 37 22.909776096   17.87       ~ 2 0
35 [GKF2010] MN26 IR 15 45 27.4 -53 56 02           ~ 1 0
36 IRAS 15421-5323 * 15 45 59.143 -53 32 32.50           ~ 5 0
37 [GKF2010] MN28 * 15 46 51.725 -53 44 58.75           ~ 2 0
38 [GKF2010] MN29 * 15 48 36.398 -54 30 46.93           ~ 2 0
39 [GKF2010] MN30 LP? 15 48 42.0723038352 -55 07 42.188213784   18.94 16.52 14.51   ~ 4 0
40 [GKF2010] MN31 * 15 49 05.434 -53 44 12.76           ~ 1 0
41 [GKF2010] MN32 * 15 49 26.0346955608 -55 13 40.965043440   20.40   19.21   ~ 1 0
42 [GKF2010] MN33 * 15 52 54.771 -52 59 47.01           ~ 2 0
43 [GKF2010] MN34 IR 15 58 11.4 -52 55 50           ~ 1 0
44 [GKF2010] MN35 * 15 58 13.784 -52 57 51.39           ~ 3 2
45 [GKF2010] MN36 LP* 15 58 46.6600948128 -54 11 53.386606896           ~ 3 0
46 [GKF2010] MN37 * 15 59 18.88 -54 07 37.5           ~ 2 0
47 [GKF2010] MN38 SNR 16 05 52.995 -52 50 37.77           ~ 6 0
48 [GKF2010] MN39 * 16 10 26.546 -51 21 25.33           ~ 3 0
49 [GKF2010] MN40 * 16 11 32.2122868392 -51 29 06.408952836   18.25 15.52 14.82   ~ 1 0
50 HD 147419 WR* 16 24 26.2279587024 -51 32 06.061114140   11.46 10.50 10.74   WN6-s 114 0
51 IRAS 16228-5014 PN? 16 26 34.2780256296 -50 21 01.969745904       16.26 14.08 ~ 11 0
52 IRAS 16278-4808 WR* 16 31 37.820 -48 14 55.30           WNL 7 0
53 [GKF2010] MN43 IR 16 32 13.9 -47 50 39           ~ 2 0
54 2MASS J16321411-4750400 * 16 32 14.1131567808 -47 50 40.009958844           ~ 1 0
55 EM* VRMF 55 HXB 16 32 39.9402289536 -49 42 13.686446160     15     OB 16 0
56 [GKF2010] MN45 * 16 36 42.780 -46 56 20.73           ~ 6 0
57 WRAY 16-232 Be* 16 43 16.3701582960 -46 00 42.406912656   17.12 12.5 12.92 10.25 Be 29 0
58 [GKF2010] MN47 * 16 46 17.349 -45 08 47.85           ~ 4 0
59 [GKF2010] MN48 LP* 16 49 37.7028749880 -45 35 59.233622064   17.64 15.83 13.82 10.82 ~ 13 0
60 HD 326823 WR* 17 06 53.9045282184 -42 36 39.704037840 9.68 9.87 9.03 9.51   WNpec 83 1
61 [GKF2010] MN49 LP? 17 07 23.1536991888 -40 07 41.137967856           ~ 3 0
62 [GKF2010] MN50 * 17 07 23.3219895624 -39 56 50.512929108   19.30 16.70 13.48 11.24 ~ 2 0
63 2MASS J17082913-3925076 LP? 17 08 29.1407647320 -39 25 07.642095240           ~ 4 0
64 [GKF2010] MN51 bub 17 08 29.3 -39 25 12           ~ 3 0
65 [GKF2010] MN52 * 17 09 22.374 -40 08 01.16           ~ 1 0
66 [GKF2010] MN53 * 17 09 24.775 -40 08 45.57           ~ 2 0
67 [GKF2010] MN54 * 17 09 33.9963713544 -40 09 10.175537448           ~ 1 0
68 [GKF2010] MN55 LP? 17 11 00.9472245405 -39 45 17.463787492   20.94   17.59 14.85 ~ 5 0
69 IRAS 17078-3927 AB? 17 11 16.6861371240 -39 31 31.260290952           ~ 10 0
70 [GKF2010] MN57 * 17 20 08.0142197112 -36 13 24.071286576   21.22   17.51   ~ 2 0
71 2MASS J17374754-3137333 * 17 37 47.5492838424 -31 37 33.228264612           ~ 3 0
72 [GKF2010] MN58 bub 17 37 47.6 -31 37 32           ~ 4 0
73 2MASS J17391899-3124239 * 17 39 18.9947854536 -31 24 24.269169564   17.71 15.61 13.87   ~ 2 0
74 [GKF2010] MN59 bub 17 39 19.0 -31 24 22           ~ 3 0
75 [GKF2010] MN60 * 17 42 07.613 -26 02 13.66       18.62   ~ 6 0
76 [GKF2010] MN61 bub 17 42 14.018 -29 55 36.06           ~ 7 0
77 2MASS J17421932-3235322 * 17 42 19.324 -32 35 32.24           ~ 1 0
78 [GKF2010] MN62 IR 17 42 19.7 -32 35 35           ~ 2 0
79 [GKF2010] MN63 * 17 43 09.50 -33 51 11.0           ~ 2 0
80 [RHI84] 10-469 LP? 17 43 59.8045876752 -30 28 38.454065184     13.75     Be 9 0
81 [GKF2010] MN65 * 17 45 40.7711682792 -27 09 15.105875724       16.98   ~ 5 0
82 [FMM95] 3 s*b 17 46 15.240 -28 50 03.58           LBV 151 1
83 [GKF2010] MN66 Y*? 17 47 05.2206369048 -27 25 33.943884636       18.52   ~ 6 0
84 HD 316285 s*b 17 48 14.0372119152 -28 00 53.121269592 11.88 11.27 9.60 9.28   B0Ieq 197 2
85 [GKF2010] MN67 * 17 48 39.207 -26 23 15.92           ~ 2 0
86 [GKF2010] MN68 s*b 18 02 22.340 -22 38 00.24           B[e]/LBV 6 0
87 [GKF2010] MN69 * 18 02 43.8888349608 -22 37 46.842265056           ~ 1 0
88 [GKF2010] MN70 * 18 03 56.676 -22 56 00.06       18.78 16.58 ~ 2 0
89 [GKF2010] MN71 * 18 04 39.6614110416 -21 41 34.137952044           ~ 1 0
90 [GKF2010] MN72 * 18 04 44.438 -21 50 25.72           ~ 1 0
91 [GKF2010] MN73 * 18 05 14.8374442560 -23 47 09.213108900           ~ 6 0
92 HD 313771 * 18 06 12.9272298864 -21 17 45.645296568   11.90 11.76 11.68   B9 3 0
93 IRAS 18036-1954 PN? 18 06 36.2119929840 -19 53 47.327575128           ~ 9 2
94 [GKF2010] MN76 WR* 18 07 05.1603210192 -20 15 16.705010880           WN9 8 0
95 [GKF2010] MN77 LP? 18 13 31.2073108008 -18 56 43.136159712       20.11 15.41 ~ 6 0
96 [GKF2010] MN78 bub 18 17 15.4 -14 53 10           ~ 3 0
97 HD 168625 s*b 18 21 19.5484021368 -16 22 26.075142156 10.15 9.78 8.37 8.76   B8Ia+ 293 2
98 IRAS 18257-1148 s*b 18 28 33.405 -11 46 44.19   18.40   14.38   B[e]/LBV 6 0
99 [GKF2010] MN80 * 18 33 39.548 -08 07 08.49           ~ 5 2
100 [GKF2010] MN81 Em* 18 33 43.469 -08 23 35.33           ~ 4 0
101 V* V481 Sct s*b 18 33 55.2781965336 -06 58 38.631350604           LBV_B[e]: 50 0
102 IRAS 18344-0632 PN? 18 37 05.20632 -06 29 37.9752           ~ 59 0
103 [GKF2010] MN82 * 18 37 33.488 -06 46 28.79           ~ 1 0
104 [GKF2010] MN83 * 18 39 23.006 -05 53 19.93           ~ 3 0
105 MSX6C G026.4700+00.0207 s*b 18 39 32.2472383848 -05 44 20.185351872           LBV_B 43 1
106 [GKF2010] MN84 LP? 18 41 59.6513361576 -05 15 40.808407824   18.80   15.77 12.59 ~ 6 2
107 WR 120bb WR* 18 42 06.3107571528 -03 48 22.455821448           WN8-9h 10 0
108 WR 120bc WR* 18 42 08.2722647232 -03 51 02.889515988           WN8-9h 15 0
109 IRAS 18397-0507 * 18 42 22.470 -05 04 30.06           ~ 8 0
110 [GKF2010] MN88 * 18 42 27.40 -03 56 34.1           ~ 2 0
111 [GKF2010] MN89 * 18 44 54.845 -03 35 38.64           ~ 1 0
112 [GKF2010] MN90 * 18 45 55.940 -03 08 29.72           ~ 5 0
113 WR 121b WR* 18 49 27.3400967648 -01 04 20.678311792   18.31 17.15 14.05 13.60 WN7h 9 0
114 [GKF2010] MN92 * 18 50 01.9735976280 -00 56 14.336675664           ~ 1 0
115 IRAS 18481+0001 * 18 50 39.805 +00 04 45.36           ~ 5 0
116 [GKF2010] MN94 LP? 18 50 47.2372573519 +01 04 59.178806051           ~ 2 0
117 [GKF2010] MN95 * 18 51 00.288 -00 32 30.98           B0I 5 0
118 MGE G032.0204-00.3538 bub 18 51 02.1 -00 58 21           ~ 5 0
119 2MASS J18510295-0058242 * 18 51 02.9514040272 -00 58 24.229632720         17.58 ~ 4 0
120 [GKF2010] MN97 * 18 53 05.823 +00 11 35.80           ~ 3 0
121 [GKF2010] MN98 * 19 01 16.693 +03 55 10.81           ~ 5 1
122 [GKF2010] MN99 * 19 03 29.4471010104 +04 07 19.896959532           G4-G6III 3 0
123 [GKF2010] MN100 * 19 04 20.981 +06 00 00.12   20.02   17.06   ~ 3 2
124 IRAS 19040+0817 LP? 19 06 24.5671675680 +08 22 01.432214652       16.78   ~ 15 0
125 IRAS 19041+0902 WR* 19 06 33.6668230344 +09 07 20.747893980       17.40   WC5-6 10 0
126 [GKF2010] MN103 Y*O 19 07 57.95 +07 55 21.5           ~ 2 0
127 [GKF2010] MN104 Y*? 19 08 46.186 +08 43 28.98           ~ 3 0
128 [GKF2010] MN105 * 19 10 04.2626370792 +10 43 29.367885396           G8-K2III 5 0
129 Hen 2-427 WR* 19 11 30.8749167768 +16 51 38.200938264   12.19 11.50     WN8h 350 0
130 [GKF2010] MN106 RG* 19 13 32.7389532792 +08 27 02.976204204       17.21   K2-K5III 3 2
131 [GKF2010] MN107 Em* 19 24 03.3368684016 +13 39 49.271129676   18.96 16.78 15.29   ~ 4 2
132 [GKF2010] MN108 * 19 26 58.9564756392 +18 46 43.929068700   17.69 15.52 15.56   ~ 2 0
133 [GKF2010] MN109 * 19 28 14.576 +17 16 23.08           ~ 4 0
134 [GKF2010] MN110 * 19 30 33.4880291304 +18 35 56.511740400   20.50 17.97 17.29   ~ 1 0
135 [GKF2010] MN111 * 19 43 53.1455971440 +24 15 31.626106848   17.59 16.64 15.60   ~ 1 0
136 [D75b] Em* 19-008 LP* 19 44 37.5996230040 +24 19 05.740220208   16.42 14.64 13.68   ~ 17 1
137 [GKF2010] MN113 * 19 44 42.9583706640 +23 11 33.804741732   15.49 14.20 13.10   ~ 3 0
138 HD 192163 WR* 20 12 06.5418877464 +38 21 17.784181008 7.12 7.49 7.50     WN6(h)-s 715 1
139 WR 138a WR* 20 17 08.1192896544 +41 07 26.991896268   17.25 15.44     WN9h 15 0
140 NAME Cyg X Cld 20 30 04.7973633 +40 51 36.002197           ~ 962 1
141 IRAS 20298+4011 LP? 20 31 42.2846664600 +40 21 59.074415640       15.384   B:I[e] 98 0
142 [GKF2010] MN115 LP? 20 35 16.0332525360 +42 20 16.243337436     17.20 17.76   ~ 3 0

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