2011ApJ...726..108T

Query : 2011ApJ...726..108T

2011ApJ...726..108T - Astrophys. J., 726, 108 (2011/January-2)

From galaxy clusters to ultra-faint dwarf spheroidals: a fundamental curve connecting dispersion-supported galaxies to their dark matter halos.

TOLLERUD E.J., BULLOCK J.S., GRAVES G.J. and WOLF J.

Abstract (from CDS):

We examine scaling relations of dispersion-supported galaxies over more than eight orders of magnitude in luminosity by transforming standard fundamental plane parameters into a space of mass, radius, and luminosity. The radius variable r1/2 is the deprojected (three-dimensional) half-light radius, the mass variable M1/2 is the total gravitating mass within this radius, and L1/2 is half the luminosity. We find that from ultra-faint dwarf spheroidals to giant cluster spheroids, dispersion-supported galaxies scatter about a one-dimensional "fundamental curve" through this MRL space. The mass-radius-luminosity relation transitions from M1/2∼ r 1.441/2∼ L 0.301/2 for the faintest dwarf spheroidal galaxies to M1/2∼ r 1.421/2∼ L 3.2 1/2 for the most luminous galaxy cluster spheroids. The weakness of the M1/2- L1/2 slope on the faint end may imply that potential well depth limits galaxy formation in small galaxies, while the stronger dependence on L1/2 on the bright end suggests that baryonic physics limits galaxy formation in massive galaxies. The mass-radius projection of this curve can be compared to median dark matter halo mass profiles of ΛCDM halos in order to construct a virial mass-luminosity relationship (Mvir-L) for galaxies that spans seven orders of magnitude in Mvir. Independent of any global abundance or clustering information, we find that (spheroidal) galaxy formation needs to be most efficient in halos of Mvir∼ 1012 M☉ and to become inefficient above and below this scale. Moreover, this profile matching technique for deriving the Mvir-L is most accurate at the high- and low-luminosity extremes (where dark matter fractions are highest) and is therefore quite complementary to statistical approaches that rely on having a well-sampled luminosity function. We also consider the significance and utility of the scatter about this relation, and find that in the dSph regime observational errors are almost at the point where we can explore the intrinsic scatter in the luminosity-virial mass relation. Finally, we note that purely stellar systems such as globular clusters and ultra-compact dwarfs do not follow the fundamental curve relation. This allows them to be easily distinguished from dark-matter-dominated dSph galaxies in MRL space.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): dark matter - galaxies: clusters: general - galaxies: dwarf - galaxies: elliptical and lenticular, cD - galaxies: fundamental parameters - Local Group

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/726/108): table1.dat>

Simbad objects: 171

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Number of rows : 171
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 ACO 2721 ClG 00 05 57.0 -34 43 09           ~ 99 0
2 ACO 2730 ClG 00 09 56.417 -35 41 00.96           ~ 23 0
3 APMCC 20 ClG 00 13 32.67 -34 44 26.0           ~ 8 0
4 NGC 104 GlC 00 24 05.359 -72 04 53.20     4.09     ~ 4158 0
5 NAME Mayall II GlC 00 32 46.5323801712 +39 34 40.504803060   14.564 13.807 13.208 12.684 ~ 400 1
6 ACO 2811 ClG 00 42 08.82 -28 32 08.8           ~ 78 0
7 ACO S 84 ClG 00 49 23.2 -29 31 33           ~ 89 0
8 NGC 288 GlC 00 52 45.24 -26 34 57.4   10 8.13     ~ 1130 0
9 ACO 122 ClG 00 57 25.03 -26 16 47.9           ~ 42 0
10 NAME Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy G 01 00 09.4 -33 42 32   9.79 8.6 8.81   ~ 1498 4
11 NGC 362 GlC 01 03 14.26 -70 50 55.6     6.58     ~ 1167 0
12 ACO 2955 ClG 01 57 01.9 -17 01 29           ~ 13 0
13 ACO 2969 ClG 02 03 20.7 -41 05 44           ~ 13 0
14 ACO 2984 ClG 02 11 25.1 -40 17 29           ~ 53 0
15 MCG-06-07-001 G 02 39 59.3 -34 26 57   9.02 7.4     ~ 1894 1
16 ACO S 296 ClG 02 46 51.5 -42 22 41           ~ 16 0
17 ACO 3112 ClG 03 17 52.9 -44 15 06           ~ 329 1
18 [BAL2007] uc257.5 GiC 03 37 03.2455003608 -35 38 04.385867820   19.85 19.31     ~ 34 1
19 NAME UCD-FORS 81 GlC 03 38 06.3040671264 -35 28 58.550357136   18.85 19.31 18.80 18.18 ~ 39 1
20 NAME UCD28 G 03 38 10.7378772816 -35 25 46.019689176     19.97   18.68 ~ 18 0
21 [DRG2004] 92:39 GlC 03 38 12.700 -35 28 57.41     20.66 20.27   ~ 23 0
22 NAME UCD31 GlC 03 38 16.5027178944 -35 26 19.561859520     20.60   19.65 ~ 23 0
23 [JPB2015] 054.5711568-35.4418764 GlC 03 38 17.0873774160 -35 26 30.920222868     20.83 20.44   ~ 20 0
24 [MHJ2008] F-7 GlC 03 38 17.5987243392 -35 33 02.482681212     20.49     ~ 20 0
25 FCOS 1-2024 GlC 03 38 25.5469146744 -35 37 42.618471816     20.06 19.50   ~ 18 0
26 [JPB2015] 054.6176396-35.4272815 GlC 03 38 28.3572375336 -35 25 38.311964472     20.371   19.332 ~ 18 0
27 [MHJ2008] F-12 G 03 38 28.9789910448 -35 22 56.105739516     19.87     ~ 17 0
28 NAME UCD-FORS 50 GlC 03 38 33.8218893216 -35 25 57.067738032     20.61   19.380 ~ 25 0
29 [MHJ2008] F-53 GlC 03 38 40.550 -35 29 09.70     20.93 20.35   ~ 20 0
30 [MHJ2008] F-59 GlC 03 38 48.86 -35 27 43.9     20.94     ~ 13 0
31 CGF 1-4 GlC 03 38 54.0545340024 -35 33 33.320376180   18.5 18.06     ~ 81 1
32 FCOS 1-60 GlC 03 39 17.6834039208 -35 25 30.066435228   21.15 20.19 19.57   ~ 25 0
33 LEDA 2793608 GiC 03 39 35.9209845336 -35 28 24.441828204   18.82 19.12     ~ 44 1
34 FCSS J033952.5-350424 GiC 03 39 52.5471040440 -35 04 24.003755616   19.66 19.50     ~ 37 0
35 ACO 3166 ClG 03 46 45 -32 48.8           ~ 12 0
36 NGC 1851 GlC 05 14 06.76 -40 02 47.6           ~ 1529 0
37 M 79 GlC 05 24 10.59 -24 31 27.3     8.16     ~ 883 0
38 ESO 206-20A G 06 41 36.7 -50 57 58   22.14 11.0 19.47   ~ 1190 0
39 NGC 2419 GlC 07 38 08.51 +38 52 54.9     10.05     ~ 998 0
40 NAME UMa II Galaxy G 08 51 30.0 +63 07 48     13.3     ~ 410 0
41 NGC 2808 GlC 09 12 03.10 -64 51 48.6           ~ 1540 0
42 NAME Leo T G 09 34 53.4 +17 03 05     15.1     ~ 434 0
43 NAME Segue 1 G 10 07 03.2 +16 04 25     15.3     ~ 517 1
44 Z 64-73 G 10 08 28.12 +12 18 23.4   11.3 10.0     ~ 1284 1
45 NAME Sextans dSph LSB 10 13 02.9 -01 36 53   12 10.4     ~ 921 0
46 NGC 3201 GlC 10 17 36.82 -46 24 44.9           ~ 1001 0
47 NAME UMa I Galaxy G 10 34 52.80 +51 55 12.0     14.4     ~ 355 1
48 NAME Willman 1 G 10 49 21.0 +51 03 00     15.2     ~ 345 0
49 Z 126-111 G 11 13 28.13 +22 09 10.1   12.9 12.0     ~ 899 0
50 NAME Leo IV LSB 11 32 57.0 -00 32 00     15.1     ~ 419 1
51 NGC 4147 GlC 12 10 06.149 +18 32 31.78   11.45 10.74     ~ 616 0
52 IC 3192 AG? 12 21 04.806 +11 45 16.55   16       ~ 39 0
53 Z 99-28 GiP 12 22 19.530 +14 45 38.11   15.2       ~ 141 0
54 NGC 4366 GiG 12 24 47.0076210312 +07 21 10.906378848   15.2       ~ 44 0
55 IC 3328 GiP 12 25 57.9238048368 +10 03 13.552350912   14.9       ~ 172 0
56 IC 3344 GiG 12 26 32.3896963032 +13 34 43.544246304   15.2       ~ 66 0
57 IC 3349 GiG 12 26 47.0630055600 +12 27 14.345391348   15.3 13.98   12.95 ~ 90 0
58 NAME Coma Dwarf Galaxy G 12 26 59.0 +23 54 15     14.1     ~ 482 1
59 NGC 4436 GiP 12 27 41.2343736168 +12 18 57.193481304 14.20 13.91 12.98     ~ 138 1
60 IC 794 GiG 12 28 08.6096744256 +12 05 35.874205512   14.07 13.44   12.39 ~ 121 1
61 IC 3381 LSB 12 28 14.8698618648 +11 47 23.359165728   14.42       ~ 173 1
62 LEDA 41264 G 12 30 05.0700348600 +08 04 23.971869048   16.82 15.13     ~ 81 0
63 NGVS J123007.57+123631.0 GlC 12 30 07.5690151920 +12 36 30.997290168           ~ 27 0
64 NGC 4482 GiG 12 30 10.3245430152 +10 46 46.088237784   14.2       ~ 182 0
65 IC 3437 GiC 12 30 45.9003093456 +11 20 35.375795700   15.5       ~ 58 0
66 NGVS J123045.92+122501.6 G 12 30 45.9096425616 +12 25 01.538661324   20.77 20.11     ~ 30 0
67 [HJC2005] 1316-3 G 12 30 46.20 +12 24 23.1     20.27     ~ 22 0
68 NGVS J123047.70+122430.5 LSB 12 30 47.6976083688 +12 24 30.496717332   20.26 19.78     ~ 27 0
69 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 30 47.8 +12 23 07           ~ 7107 0
70 Hanes IV-67 G 12 30 57.3837738072 +12 25 44.498928792   19.32 17.97     ~ 54 0
71 [PLP2016] 187.747336+12.356404 GlC 12 30 59.3640695496 +12 21 23.051712456   21.20 20.11     ~ 22 0
72 NGVS J123101.47+121924.5 LSB 12 31 01.4782233288 +12 19 24.598681140     19.33     ~ 26 0
73 NGVS J123104.48+115636.4 GlC 12 31 04.4756311440 +11 56 36.488582016           ~ 26 0
74 [SFH81] 314 GlC 12 31 05.1313252896 +12 20 03.579471204     20.19     ~ 20 0
75 NGVS J123111.88+124101.1 GlC 12 31 11.8766309592 +12 41 01.083208776           ~ 30 0
76 NGVS J123128.36+122503.6 GlC 12 31 28.3629064464 +12 25 03.577545516           ~ 25 0
77 IC 3457 GiG 12 31 51.3438999336 +12 39 25.148930292   14.69 14.56   13.58 ~ 98 1
78 2MASS J12315289+1215589 G 12 31 52.8990925992 +12 15 59.041171656           ~ 52 0
79 IC 3487 GiG 12 33 13.601 +09 23 49.76   15.1       ~ 85 0
80 IC 3519 AG? 12 34 38.400 +15 36 09.59   16       ~ 41 1
81 M 68 GlC 12 39 27.98 -26 44 38.6     7.96     ~ 1069 0
82 IC 3658 LSB 12 41 20.6339756904 +14 42 02.014377660   15.5       ~ 49 0
83 Z 43-3 GiG 12 42 56.3359175976 +03 40 35.752436760   15.1       ~ 54 0
84 NAME CVn II dSph G 12 57 09.6 +34 19 12     16.1     ~ 287 2
85 ACO 1651 ClG 12 59 27.3 -04 10 49           ~ 307 0
86 NGC 5053 GlC 13 16 27.09 +17 42 00.9     9.96     ~ 675 0
87 [VHH81] 1 GlC 13 23 44.190 -43 11 11.80   18.26 20.0 17.42   ~ 24 0
88 [VHH81] 41 GlC 13 24 38.9656460520 -43 20 06.486409572 20.20 19.59 18.59 17.94 17.32 ~ 28 0
89 [VHH81] 29 GlC 13 24 40.3771770240 -43 18 05.308939512 19.77 19.15 18.15 17.54 16.89 ~ 36 0
90 [VHH81] 11 GlC 13 24 54.7069756200 -43 01 21.773072820 19.55 18.96 17.91 17.26 16.61 ~ 36 0
91 [HGH2004] 201.24254-42.93612 GlC 13 24 58.1998428312 -42 56 10.050292680 19.34 18.73 17.71 17.10 16.44 ~ 33 0
92 [R2001b] f2.GC-61 GlC 13 25 12.8712194544 -43 07 59.228291604 19.65 19.15 18.20 17.60 17.03 ~ 22 0
93 [VHH81] 5 GlC 13 25 16.12 -42 52 58.2 18.70 18.49 17.68 17.13 16.68 ~ 20 0
94 [HCH99] 2 GlC 13 25 16.690 -43 02 08.70 19.27 18.87 17.93 17.37 16.76 ~ 22 0
95 [VHH81] 6 GlC 13 25 22.19 -43 02 45.6 18.65 18.17 17.21 16.61 16.03 ~ 27 0
96 [HCH99] 15 GlC 13 25 29.9072539214 -43 00 05.104613492 19.27 18.87 17.93 17.37 16.76 ~ 20 0
97 [KKF2001] J132530.29-425934.64 GlC 13 25 30.2770146048 -42 59 34.770372108   19.71 20.0 18.45   ~ 26 0
98 [R2001b] f2.GC-26 GlC 13 25 30.3895222920 -43 11 49.697197188 20.11 19.56 18.56 17.94 17.35 ~ 22 0
99 [HCH99] 18 GlC 13 25 31.60 -43 00 02.8 21.06 20.99 19.93 19.20 18.43 ~ 31 0
100 [VHH81] 44 GlC 13 25 31.7317181472 -43 19 22.746120024 19.76 19.50 18.69 18.14 17.66 ~ 30 0
101 [R2001b] f2.GC-23 GlC 13 25 32.7853774512 -43 07 02.294656032 20.08 19.67 18.77 18.23 17.64 ~ 23 0
102 [VHH81] 153 GlC 13 25 34.650 -43 03 27.70     20.0 18.41   ~ 25 0
103 [VHH81] 17 GlC 13 25 39.7188791400 -42 55 59.137358376 18.82 18.51 17.63 17.10 16.57 ~ 36 0
104 [CFW90] Star 33 GlC 13 25 39.88 -43 05 01.9 18.79 18.42 17.53 16.97 16.43 ~ 24 0
105 [VHH81] 21 GlC 13 25 52.7266111104 -43 05 46.501781856 19.16 18.76 17.87 17.32 16.77 ~ 51 0
106 [VHH81] 22 GlC 13 25 53.5504608507 -42 59 07.532093559 19.39 19.06 18.15 17.62 17.07 ~ 33 0
107 CXOU J132554.5-425924 GlC 13 25 54.5684562024 -42 59 25.329473880 18.92 18.29 17.22 16.62 15.95 ~ 49 0
108 [VHH81] 7 GlC 13 26 05.3936216880 -42 56 32.376406056 18.38 18.03 17.17 16.65 16.23 ~ 42 0
109 [VHH81] 36 GlC 13 26 07.7152331040 -42 52 00.209032536 19.42 19.19 18.35 17.81 17.33 ~ 29 0
110 [VHH81] 37 GlC 13 26 10.5651604212 -42 53 42.638068584 19.86 19.38 18.43 17.87 17.26 ~ 35 0
111 [HSS2021] 258671 GlC 13 26 23.7648774888 -42 54 01.055364444 19.67 19.30 18.41 17.87 17.32 ~ 20 0
112 NGC 5139 GlC 13 26 47.28 -47 28 46.1           ~ 3677 0
113 NAME CVn I dSph G 13 28 03.5 +33 33 21     13.1     ~ 352 1
114 M 3 GlC 13 42 11.62 +28 22 38.2     6.39     ~ 2593 0
115 NGC 5286 GlC 13 46 26.81 -51 22 27.3           ~ 485 0
116 NAME Bootes Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy G 14 00 00.0 +14 30 00     12.8     ~ 491 0
117 NGC 5466 GlC 14 05 27.29 +28 32 04.0     9.70     ~ 887 0
118 NGC 5694 GlC 14 39 36.52 -26 32 18.0           ~ 323 0
119 NGC 5824 GlC 15 03 58.612 -33 04 06.70   10.28 9.56     ~ 441 0
120 Z 318-18 G 15 09 08.0 +67 13 21   13.60 10.6     ~ 1459 0
121 M 5 GlC 15 18 33.22 +02 04 51.7     5.95     ~ 2095 0
122 NGC 5946 GlC 15 35 28.58 -50 39 35.0           ~ 210 0
123 M 80 GlC 16 17 02.41 -22 58 33.9           ~ 780 0
124 M 4 GlC 16 23 35.22 -26 31 32.7           ~ 1978 0
125 NAME Hercules Dwarf Galaxy G 16 31 02.0 +12 47 30     14.0     ~ 379 1
126 M 107 GlC 16 32 31.86 -13 03 13.6           ~ 835 0
127 M 13 GlC 16 41 41.634 +36 27 40.75     5.8     ~ 2291 0
128 M 12 GlC 16 47 14.18 -01 56 54.7     6.07     ~ 736 0
129 M 10 GlC 16 57 09.05 -04 06 01.1     4.98     ~ 857 0
130 M 62 GlC 17 01 12.60 -30 06 44.5           ~ 668 0
131 NGC 6284 GlC 17 04 28.747 -24 45 51.22   10.72 7.43     ~ 302 0
132 NGC 6293 GlC 17 10 10.42 -26 34 54.2           ~ 309 0
133 M 92 GlC 17 17 07.39 +43 08 09.4     6.52     ~ 2240 0
134 NGC 6325 GlC 17 17 59.27 -23 45 57.7           ~ 190 0
135 Z 300-12 G 17 20 14.335 +57 55 16.39   12.40 10.6     ~ 1428 1
136 NGC 6342 GlC 17 21 10.14 -19 35 14.7     10.01     ~ 310 0
137 NGC 6362 GlC 17 31 54.99 -67 02 54.0           ~ 637 0
138 NGC 6388 GlC 17 36 17.461 -44 44 08.34           ~ 988 1
139 NGC 6397 GlC 17 40 42.09 -53 40 27.6     5.17     ~ 2103 0
140 NGC 6441 GlC 17 50 13.06 -37 03 05.2           ~ 940 0
141 NGC 6522 GlC 18 03 34.08 -30 02 02.3           ~ 569 0
142 NGC 6535 GlC 18 03 50.51 -00 17 51.5     9.85     ~ 320 0
143 NGC 6541 GlC 18 08 02.36 -43 42 53.6           ~ 409 0
144 NGC 6558 GlC 18 10 17.6 -31 45 50           ~ 265 0
145 ESO 522-1 GlC 18 12 15.80 -22 44 31.0     14.86     ~ 114 1
146 NGC 6624 GlC 18 23 40.51 -30 21 39.7           ~ 939 1
147 M 28 GlC 18 24 32.89 -24 52 11.4           ~ 821 0
148 M 22 GlC 18 36 23.94 -23 54 17.1           ~ 1459 0
149 M 70 GlC 18 43 12.76 -32 17 31.6           ~ 421 0
150 NGC 6712 GlC 18 53 04.32 -08 42 21.5           ~ 550 0
151 M 54 GlC 18 55 03.33 -30 28 47.5           ~ 1164 0
152 NGC 6752 GlC 19 10 52.11 -59 59 04.4           ~ 2121 0
153 M 56 GlC 19 16 35.57 +30 11 00.5           ~ 455 0
154 M 55 GlC 19 39 59.71 -30 57 53.1     6.49     ~ 913 0
155 M 71 GlC 19 53 46.49 +18 46 45.1           ~ 1190 0
156 M 75 GlC 20 06 04.841 -21 55 20.14     8.26     ~ 394 0
157 NGC 6934 GlC 20 34 11.37 +07 24 16.1           ~ 459 0
158 ACO 3693 ClG 20 34 22.0 -34 29 40           ~ 46 0
159 ACO 3705 ClG 20 41 47.1 -35 10 30           ~ 47 0
160 ACO 3727 ClG 20 59 36.6 -36 32 21           ~ 9 0
161 M 15 GlC 21 29 58.33 +12 10 01.2           ~ 3274 0
162 M 2 GlC 21 33 27.02 -00 49 23.7     6.25     ~ 1114 1
163 M 30 GlC 21 40 22.12 -23 10 47.5     7.10     ~ 1121 0
164 ACO 3809 ClG 21 46 57.5 -43 54 06           ~ 99 0
165 ACO 2400 ClG 21 57 46 -11 22.7           ~ 39 0
166 ACO 2401 ClG 21 58 22.6 -20 06 13           ~ 71 0
167 ACO 2405 ClG 21 59 32.75 -17 49 35.9           ~ 13 0
168 ACO 3920 ClG 22 49 24.6 -40 53 44           ~ 10 0
169 ACO 2571 ClG 23 18 34 -02 15.6           ~ 16 0
170 ACO 4010 ClG 23 31 10.3 -36 30 26           ~ 63 0
171 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 9325 0

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