2011ApJ...733...87S

Query : 2011ApJ...733...87S

2011ApJ...733...87S - Astrophys. J., 733, 87 (2011/June-1)

Extended Schmidt law: role of existing stars in current star formation.

SHI Y., HELOU G., YAN L., ARMUS L., WU Y., PAPOVICH C. and STIERWALT S.

Abstract (from CDS):

We propose an "extended Schmidt law" with explicit dependence of the star formation efficiency (SFE = SFR/Mgas) on the stellar mass surface density (Σstar). This relation has a power-law index of 0.48±0.04 and a 1σ observed scatter on the SFE of 0.4 dex, which holds over five orders of magnitude in the stellar density for individual global galaxies, including various types and especially the low-surface-brightness (LSB) galaxies that deviate significantly from the Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) law. When applying it to regions of a sample of 12 spiral galaxies at sub-kiloparsec resolution, the extended Schmidt law not only holds for LSB regions but also shows significantly smaller scatters both within and across galaxies compared with the KS law. We argue that this new relation points to the role of existing stars in regulating the SFE, thus better encoding the star formation physics. Comparison with physical models of star formation recipes shows that the extended Schmidt law can be reproduced by some models including gas free fall in a stellar-gravitational potential and pressure-supported star formation. By implementing this new law into the analytic model of gas accretion in ΛCDM, we show that it can reproduce the observed main sequence of star-forming galaxies (a relation between the SFR and stellar mass) from z = 0 up to z = 2.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: evolution - galaxies: starburst - ISM: atoms - ISM: molecules - stars: formation

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/733/87): table1.dat>

Simbad objects: 145

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Number of rows : 145
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
2 IC 1623 IG 01 07 47.24 -17 30 25.0   15       ~ 338 2
3 NGC 524 GiP 01 24 47.7429545736 +09 32 20.089023900   11.5       ~ 494 1
4 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 6226 1
5 M 74 G 01 36 41.7451236624 +15 47 01.107512304 10.52 10.00 9.46 9.16   ~ 1934 1
6 NGC 772 GiP 01 59 19.5557148984 +19 00 27.475677216 11.35 11.09 10.31 10.23 9.38 ~ 339 1
7 NGC 925 H2G 02 27 16.913 +33 34 43.97   10.69 10.12 9.55   ~ 818 1
8 NGC 1058 Sy2 02 43 30.0264850248 +37 20 28.782851784   12.29 11.75 10.85   ~ 483 0
9 NGC 1569 rG 04 30 49.186 +64 50 52.52 11.72 11.86 11.03     ~ 1297 3
10 NGC 2320 GiG 07 05 42.0152480592 +50 34 51.563046000   13.9       ~ 107 0
11 NGC 2336 GiP 07 27 04.050 +80 10 41.05   13.46 12.51     ~ 251 0
12 NGC 2403 AGN 07 36 51.3381434280 +65 36 09.650825640 9.31 8.84 8.38 8.19   ~ 1887 1
13 AGC 180072 LSB 08 09 32.6 +22 33 34           ~ 49 0
14 UGC 4305 IG 08 19 04.9864630512 +70 43 13.086910452 12.06 11.72 11.39 11.11   ~ 812 2
15 LEDA 86665 LSB 08 46 37.90 +18 53 23.7   17.21       ~ 51 0
16 LSB F563-1 LSB 08 55 01.4 +19 45 06           ~ 73 0
17 LEDA 86668 LSB 09 02 53.357 +20 04 32.21   16.9       ~ 108 0
18 NGC 2768 SyG 09 11 37.504 +60 02 13.95 11.30 10.84 9.87     ~ 526 2
19 NGC 2841 LIN 09 22 02.6778711696 +50 58 35.737082868 10.43 10.09 9.22     ~ 1113 1
20 LEDA 86670 LSB 09 37 36.6 +21 46 15           ~ 53 0
21 Z 332-57 LSB 09 40 32.33 +71 10 56.0 14.53 14.00 13.66 13.41   ~ 372 1
22 NGC 2976 GiG 09 47 15.458 +67 54 58.97 11.77 11.03 10.16 9.51   ~ 712 1
23 NGC 3032 AGN 09 52 08.1524118072 +29 14 10.364182440   13.87 13.28     ~ 260 0
24 M 81 Sy2 09 55 33.1726556496 +69 03 55.062505368   7.89 6.94     ~ 4725 3
25 NGC 3073 EmG 10 00 52.0678224264 +55 37 07.881619152 14.12 14.07 13.40     ~ 201 2
26 NGC 3077 GiP 10 03 19.0965510921 +68 44 01.556166166 11.23 10.85 10.14 9.74   ~ 808 0
27 NGC 3180 GiG 10 18 16.985 +41 25 27.77   10.4       ~ 777 0
28 NGC 3198 EmG 10 19 54.990 +45 32 58.88 10.83 10.87 10.33     ~ 946 1
29 IRAS 10190+1322 PaG 10 21 42.718 +13 06 55.36           ~ 88 0
30 2MASS J10214273+1306556 LIN 10 21 42.8040022344 +13 06 55.957660596   17.51       ~ 87 0
31 LEDA 86619 G 10 26 06.360 +22 26 00.96           ~ 75 0
32 LSB F568-3 LSB 10 26 59 +22 13.6           ~ 81 0
33 IC 2574 AG? 10 28 23.6148831408 +68 24 43.440012756 11.70 11.07 10.87 10.74   ~ 703 1
34 UGC 5750 AG? 10 35 45.12 +20 59 24.9   17       ~ 81 0
35 NGC 3310 AGN 10 38 45.85707 +53 30 11.8940   12.45 12.15     ~ 809 1
36 Malin 2 LIN 10 39 52.4820927048 +20 50 49.375560660   14.20       ~ 104 0
37 NGC 3338 SyG 10 42 07.5363224928 +13 44 49.177468104   12.1       ~ 268 0
38 M 95 GiP 10 43 57.7313485800 +11 42 13.301191332 10.71 10.51 9.73 9.48   ~ 1238 2
39 LEDA 86672 LSB 10 45 02.064 +22 03 15.54           ~ 91 0
40 M 96 GiP 10 46 45.744 +11 49 11.78 10.42 10.15 9.25 8.99   ~ 862 1
41 UGC 5999 LSB 10 52 58.652 +07 37 11.27   18       ~ 57 0
42 NGC 3489 GiG 11 00 18.5483994744 +13 54 04.206202668 11.46 11.12 10.29     ~ 429 1
43 NGC 3486 Sy2 11 00 23.946 +28 58 29.35 10.89 11.11 10.53 10.40   ~ 373 1
44 NGC 3521 EmG 11 05 48.5680991376 -00 02 09.245076540 10.06 9.83 9.02 10.1 9.6 ~ 879 2
45 M 66 AGN 11 20 15.0 +12 59 29 9.85 9.65 8.92     ~ 1509 4
46 NGC 3631 AG? 11 21 02.8871865144 +53 10 10.415331660   11.0       ~ 385 1
47 NGC 3675 GiG 11 26 08.5641089832 +43 35 09.587062464   11.04   9.57   ~ 300 1
48 NGC 3726 G 11 33 21.1367545656 +47 01 45.280222428   11.11   10.02   ~ 374 0
49 NGC 3773 H2G 11 38 12.967 +12 06 42.91   13.1       ~ 219 0
50 Z 97-40 LIN 11 39 14.8736598984 +17 08 37.200948684   14.8       ~ 157 0
51 NGC 3870 H2G 11 45 56.634 +50 11 59.66   13.2       ~ 155 1
52 NGC 3893 GiG 11 48 38.207 +48 42 38.84   11.23 10.67     ~ 391 1
53 Z 214-30 AG? 11 50 12.187 +42 04 29.82   14.20       ~ 64 0
54 NGC 3938 GiG 11 52 49.4335936248 +44 07 14.697085116 10.80 10.90 10.38     ~ 566 1
55 NGC 4150 GiG 12 10 33.655 +30 24 05.35 12.72 12.44 11.64     ~ 331 2
56 NGC 4178 H2G 12 12 46.443 +10 51 57.59   12.9       ~ 367 0
57 NGC 4189 GiC 12 13 47.2380839784 +13 25 29.445094632   12.51 11.74     ~ 294 1
58 NGC 4228 SBG 12 15 39.174 +36 19 36.80 10.63 10.30 9.93 9.74   ~ 1017 1
59 M 99 H2G 12 18 49.625 +14 24 59.36 10.45 10.44 9.87     ~ 1004 2
60 M 106 Sy2 12 18 57.620 +47 18 13.39   9.14 8.41 8.11   ~ 2512 4
61 NGC 4294 GiC 12 21 17.787 +11 30 39.99   12.6       ~ 320 0
62 M 61 Sy2 12 21 54.9282582888 +04 28 25.597367184 10.07 10.18 9.65     ~ 1084 1
63 M 100 AGN 12 22 54.9299993592 +15 49 20.296257960 10.04 10.05 9.35     ~ 1963 2
64 NGC 4394 GiP 12 25 55.6366312872 +18 12 50.110707636   11.9       ~ 379 0
65 NGC 4402 GiC 12 26 07.65312 +13 06 47.9376   12.55       ~ 421 2
66 NGC 4449 EmG 12 28 11.118 +44 05 36.81 10.11 9.98 9.64 9.45   ~ 1192 1
67 NGC 4459 H2G 12 29 00.0329905416 +13 58 42.826603332   11.6       ~ 567 0
68 NGC 4477 Sy2 12 30 02.1955766304 +13 38 11.543715888 11.98 11.38 10.42     ~ 419 2
69 M 88 Sy2 12 31 59.1525062448 +14 25 13.148971824   14.33 13.18     ~ 843 1
70 NGC 4519 GiG 12 33 30.278 +08 39 16.06   12.8       ~ 295 0
71 NGC 4526 GiC 12 34 03.02853 +07 41 56.9040   10.6       ~ 707 0
72 NGC 4535 H2G 12 34 20.3443516704 +08 11 51.908488116   11.1       ~ 679 0
73 M 91 LIN 12 35 26.4446761320 +14 29 46.760333748   14.63 13.57     ~ 639 0
74 NGC 4550 GiP 12 35 30.5913588048 +12 13 14.921166792 12.97 12.56 11.68     ~ 558 1
75 NAME SMM J123549.44+621536.8 rG 12 35 49.43 +62 15 36.8 24.6 23.9 23.6 23.3 23.1 ~ 63 0
76 NGC 4561 GiG 12 36 08.137 +19 19 21.32   12.7       ~ 211 0
77 NAME BzK 4171 rG 12 36 26.55 +62 08 35.2 26.53 25.7766 25.9   24.3899 ~ 37 0
78 NAME BzK 16000 G 12 36 30.0982 +62 14 28.357 24.73 24.5722 25.14   23.1990 ~ 35 0
79 NAME SMM J123635+621239 rG 12 36 34.528 +62 12 41.39 25.26 23.8632 24.53 23.18 22.7131 ~ 126 0
80 M 90 Sy2 12 36 49.8009839880 +13 09 46.523813040 10.56 10.26 9.54     ~ 953 1
81 NGC 4571 GiC 12 36 56.3722998960 +14 13 02.296534836   13.6       ~ 368 1
82 Malin 1 LSB 12 36 59.3463193464 +14 19 49.164305988   17.80       ~ 224 0
83 NAME SMM J123707.2+621408 rG 12 37 07.19 +62 14 08.0 28.12 26.8993 26.6 25.6 25.3860 ~ 114 0
84 NAME BzK 21000 rG 12 37 10.63 +62 22 34.7 23.93 25.0574     23.7554 ~ 55 0
85 M 58 Sy2 12 37 43.59747 +11 49 05.1240 10.80 10.48 9.66     ~ 1140 2
86 NAME BzK 17999 rG 12 37 51.85 +62 15 20.1 25.87 25.9037     25.4331 ~ 28 0
87 LSB F574-1 LSB 12 38 13.3 +22 17 59           ~ 65 0
88 NGC 4639 Sy1 12 42 52.3785000336 +13 15 26.706153600   13.62 12.72     ~ 642 0
89 NGC 4647 H2G 12 43 32.542 +11 34 56.89   12.5 12.5     ~ 423 1
90 NGC 4651 LIN 12 43 42.6376070448 +16 23 36.002649300   11.30 10.92 10.42 9.84 ~ 537 0
91 NGC 4654 H2G 12 43 56.638 +13 07 34.86   11.8       ~ 600 1
92 LSB F574-2 LSB 12 46 47.3 +21 48 12           ~ 27 0
93 NGC 4689 H2G 12 47 45.5568088416 +13 45 46.135889100   12.8       ~ 418 0
94 NGC 4698 Sy2 12 48 22.9082830584 +08 29 14.667552276   13.24 12.27     ~ 507 0
95 NGC 4713 GiG 12 49 57.8802780576 +05 18 40.933127196   12.3       ~ 320 1
96 M 94 SyG 12 50 53.0737971432 +41 07 12.900884628 9.15 8.96 8.24 7.78   ~ 1476 2
97 NGC 4789A GiC 12 54 05.248 +27 08 58.67 14.37 14.23 13.95 13.84   ~ 614 1
98 M 64 SyG 12 56 43.696 +21 40 57.57   9.36 8.52     ~ 1010 2
99 NAME SSA 13-332 QSO 13 12 01.1 +42 42 08   25.2     23.10 ~ 45 0
100 NAME SMM J131232.31+423949.5 G 13 12 32.36 +42 39 49.4   25.7     23.48 ~ 19 0
101 NGC 5033 Sy2 13 13 27.535 +36 35 37.14   11.01 12.03 9.73   ~ 909 1
102 M 63 LIN 13 15 49.2741893928 +42 01 45.728076108   9.34 8.59 8.35   ~ 1292 2
103 NGC 5173 GiP 13 28 25.2798599736 +46 35 29.890508928   13.10       ~ 153 1
104 M 51 Sy2 13 29 52.698 +47 11 42.93   9.26 8.36 8.40   ~ 4565 4
105 M 83 SBG 13 37 00.91920 -29 51 56.7400 8.85 8.11 7.52 7.21   ~ 2778 2
106 Z 271-60 Sy2 13 44 42.1883001099 +55 53 13.596220922   15.68 14.91     ~ 958 3
107 LEDA 86676 LSB 13 50 10.08448 +18 16 07.6585           ~ 26 0
108 NGC 5338 AG? 13 53 26.5503668640 +05 12 27.975949560   14.3       ~ 118 0
109 M 101 GiP 14 03 12.583 +54 20 55.50   8.46 7.86 7.76   ~ 3138 2
110 DEEP-GSS 054-7049 G 14 18 03.47 +52 30 21.7   21.89   21.48 20.86 ~ 22 0
111 [TCB2007] 12011767 G 14 18 24.71197 +52 32 55.5155   22.80   22.32 21.70 ~ 11 0
112 DEEP2-GRS 13004661 G 14 18 40.83906 +52 48 35.4808   23.45   22.64 21.92 ~ 11 0
113 NAME Extended Groth Strip reg 14 19 +52.8           ~ 1023 0
114 DEEP2-GRS 13011439 G 14 19 09.43577 +52 53 05.9312   23.69   22.71 21.75 ~ 9 0
115 AEGIS20 J141914.96+524930.0 rG 14 19 14.93758 +52 49 29.4085   23.13   22.67 21.74 ~ 24 0
116 CANDELS EGS F160W J141929.8+525313.0 G 14 19 29.83850 +52 53 13.0214   23.61   22.74 21.85 ~ 15 0
117 ACS-GC 13003805 rG 14 19 40.07172 +52 49 38.4351   24.7   23.50 22.44 ~ 27 0
118 CXOEGS J142005.4+530115 G 14 20 05.40268 +53 01 15.2676   22.17   21.185 20.354 ~ 25 0
119 CANDELS EGS F160W J142024.2+525541.0 G 14 20 24.21657 +52 55 40.9950   23.75   22.70 21.86 ~ 15 0
120 VLSB F579-V01 LSB 14 32 48.1 +22 45 58           ~ 42 0
121 NGC 5666 G 14 33 09.2009662728 +10 30 38.887064424   13.5       ~ 91 0
122 Z 193-6 GiP 14 51 14.3956253136 +35 32 32.932212324   14.2       ~ 166 0
123 IC 1127 SyG 15 34 57.22396 +23 30 11.6084   14.76 13.88     ~ 3090 4
124 IC 1141 LIN 15 49 46.9398825192 +12 23 57.530200452   14.5       ~ 59 0
125 LEDA 86657 LSB 15 57 27.483 +20 39 59.12           ~ 104 0
126 NGC 6090 PaG 16 11 40.3 +52 27 21   14.0       ~ 446 1
127 [ESS2003] Q1623-BX599 G 16 26 02.54 +26 45 31.9           ~ 26 0
128 NGC 6217 AGN 16 32 39.2100852960 +78 11 53.487076092   14.37 13.88     ~ 320 0
129 NAME SMM J163650.43+405734.5 Sy1 16 36 50.5 +40 57 34   23.3 23.30   21.83 ~ 91 0
130 NAME SMM J16366+4105 AGN 16 36 58.2 +41 05 24   26.0     24.48 ~ 56 0
131 NGC 6207 GiC 16 43 03.750 +36 49 56.73   12.189 11.651 11.240 10.691 ~ 258 0
132 NGC 6240 Sy2 16 52 58.9 +02 24 03   14.31 13.37     ~ 1734 2
133 [ESS2003] Q1700-MD94 G 17 00 42.020 +64 11 24.22           ~ 18 0
134 [ESS2003] Q1700-MD69 G 17 00 47.610 +64 09 44.78           ~ 15 0
135 [ESS2003] Q1700-MD174 G 17 00 54.542 +64 16 24.76           ~ 15 0
136 [ESS2003] Q1700-BX691 G 17 01 05.99 +64 12 10.3           ~ 21 0
137 NGC 6503 LIN 17 49 26.4207792072 +70 08 39.604132176 11.56 10.95 10.28 9.92   ~ 551 1
138 NGC 6643 AG? 18 19 46.370 +74 34 06.23   11.80       ~ 320 1
139 NGC 6946 H2G 20 34 52.332 +60 09 13.24   10.5       ~ 2661 2
140 NGC 7331 LIN 22 37 04.0506038088 +34 24 56.800076508 10.65 10.35 9.48     ~ 1284 2
141 NGC 7674 Sy1 23 27 56.6973043968 +08 46 44.253707772 13.84 13.92 13.23 12.64   ~ 738 2
142 [ESS2003] Q2343-BX610 G 23 46 09.43 +12 49 19.2           ~ 57 0
143 [ESS2003] Q2343-BX442 G 23 46 19.36 +12 47 59.7           ~ 21 0
144 [ESS2003] Q2343-MD59 G 23 46 26.90 +12 47 39.9           ~ 14 0
145 NGC 7793 GiG 23 57 49.7540045856 -32 35 27.701550744 10.26 9.74 9.28 9.06 9.7 ~ 1188 2

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