2011ApJ...733..115M

Query : 2011ApJ...733..115M

2011ApJ...733..115M - Astrophys. J., 733, 115 (2011/June-1)

The color-period diagram and stellar rotational Evolution–New rotation period measurements in the open cluster M34.

MEIBOM S., MATHIEU R.D., STASSUN K.G., LIEBESNY P. and SAAR S.H.

Abstract (from CDS):

We present the results of a 5 month photometric time-series survey for stellar rotation periods combined with a 4 year radial-velocity survey for membership and binarity in the 220 Myr open cluster M34. We report surface rotation periods for 120 stars, 83 of which are kinematic and photometric late-type cluster members. A comparison to previous work serves to illustrate the importance of high-cadence long baseline photometric observations and membership information. The new M34 periods are less biased against slow rotation and cleaned for non-members. The rotation periods of the cluster members span over more than an order of magnitude from 0.5 days up to 11.5 days, and trace two distinct rotational sequences–fast (C) and moderate-to-slow (I)–in the color-period diagram. The sequences represent two different states (fast and slow) in the rotational evolution of the late-type cluster members. We use the color-period diagrams for M34 and for younger and older clusters to estimate the timescale for the transition from the C to the I sequence and find ≲ 150 Myr, ∼150-300 Myr, and ∼300-600 Myr for G, early-mid K, and late K dwarfs, respectively. The small number of stars in the gap between C and I suggests a quick transition. We estimate a lower limit on the maximum spin-down rate (dP/dt) during this transition to be ∼0.06 days/Myr and ∼0.08 days/Myr for early and late K dwarfs, respectively. We compare the I sequence rotation periods in M34 and the Hyades for G and K dwarfs and find that K dwarfs spin down slower than the Skumanich sqrt(t) rate. We determine a gyrochronology age of 240 Myr for M34. The gyro-age has a small formal uncertainty of 2% which reflects the tight I sequence in the M34 color-period diagram. We measure the effect of cluster age uncertainties on the gyrochronology age for M34 and find the resulting error on the gyro-age to be consistent with the ∼15% error estimate for the technique in general. We use the M34 I sequence to redetermine the coefficients in the expression for rotational dependence on color used in gyrochronology. Finally, we propose that stability in the phase, shape, and amplitude of the photometric variability for the 120 rotators over the ∼5 month duration of our survey is due to spot generation at active stellar longitudes.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): open clusters and associations: individual: M34 - stars: activity - stars: late-type - stars: rotation - starspots

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/733/115): table2.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 2: [MMS2011] NNN (Nos 1-120).

Simbad objects: 129

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Number of rows : 129
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 [MMS2011] 116 * 02 40 38.52 +42 43 33.8           ~ 1 0
2 LB 3568 blu 02 40 40.0499030280 +42 46 32.339200620   18.5       ~ 3 0
3 V* V774 Per BY* 02 40 42.7871745720 +42 38 59.185488084   17.981 16.639 16.27 15.039 ~ 13 0
4 [JBM2010] F3 71 Ro* 02 40 44.422 +42 54 04.52   13.902 12.855   11.702 ~ 2 0
5 [JBM2010] F3 487 Ro* 02 40 44.8855264367 +42 53 47.071922878   18.166 16.818   15.117 ~ 5 0
6 V* V777 Per BY* 02 40 49.0918599960 +42 48 20.469024540   17.957 16.604 16.20 15.054 ~ 12 0
7 V* V778 Per BY* 02 40 49.6563886058 +42 46 55.060011558   16.862 15.741   14.484 ~ 13 0
8 NGC 1039 147 * 02 40 54.4487133696 +42 57 57.009238596   12.9 12.68     F2 6 0
9 [MMS2011] 8 Ro* 02 40 57.994 +42 49 44.61   17.993 17.136   16.075 ~ 3 0
10 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 41 Ro* 02 41 00.9793718143 +42 52 46.574198714   15.862 14.918   13.879 ~ 13 0
11 UCAC4 664-011952 * 02 41 01.6727466168 +42 37 35.096329272       15.90   ~ 10 0
12 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 42 * 02 41 01.8849779856 +42 42 31.694439456   16.12 15.10     ~ 15 0
13 Cl* NGC 1039 IAH 1-2573 * 02 41 04.2492118513 +42 35 11.934638085           ~ 5 0
14 NGC 1039 160 Ro* 02 41 04.9587728520 +42 46 51.616926192   14.178 13.510   12.724 ~ 14 0
15 V* V782 Per BY* 02 41 05.1385753547 +42 56 43.193418904   15.465 14.584   13.628 ~ 17 0
16 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 52 Ro* 02 41 06.1924615296 +42 46 21.065530404   16.723 15.623   14.390 ~ 12 0
17 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 70 * 02 41 12.9012744120 +42 50 19.147433136     15.94     ~ 2 0
18 UCAC4 663-012182 * 02 41 19.2439019400 +42 35 28.632510888   17.51 16.43     ~ 9 0
19 V* V788 Per BY* 02 41 21.4075284840 +42 35 44.494873008   16.14 15.16     ~ 12 0
20 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 113 Ro* 02 41 23.0988189432 +42 40 16.059764820   15.925 14.960   13.902 ~ 14 0
21 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 116 * 02 41 23.7432924168 +42 30 56.167340184   15.84 14.87     ~ 2 0
22 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 117 * 02 41 24.2136065568 +42 48 18.586711656   16 14.59     ~ 10 0
23 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 124 * 02 41 26.2868539944 +42 48 12.970419444   13.77 13.35     ~ 12 0
24 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 129 Ro* 02 41 27.1926541008 +42 43 42.147527772   16.014 15.111   14.134 ~ 3 0
25 2MASS J02413016+4227555 * 02 41 30.1669214472 +42 27 55.359553428           ~ 9 0
26 2MASS J02413060+4228539 * 02 41 30.6078713936 +42 28 53.836859679           ~ 14 0
27 2MASS J02413113+4241144 Ro* 02 41 31.1351468784 +42 41 14.456356296   19.681 18.132   15.995 ~ 8 0
28 [MMS2011] 5 * 02 41 31.45 +42 59 05.8           ~ 2 0
29 V* V793 Per BY* 02 41 32.7262304592 +43 02 16.337111460           ~ 6 0
30 V* V794 Per BY* 02 41 33.4362601776 +42 42 11.844750168   14.727 13.959   13.115 ~ 14 0
31 NGC 1039 204 * 02 41 33.5880027312 +42 32 22.393865868   12.96 12.33     G0? 18 0
32 V* V796 Per BY* 02 41 35.0814064511 +42 33 30.983755743   14.98 14.07     ~ 14 0
33 V* V797 Per BY* 02 41 35.2538631341 +42 41 02.494183444   15.406 14.546   13.552 ~ 15 0
34 V* V799 Per BY* 02 41 36.6076944024 +42 40 03.955845504           ~ 5 0
35 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 167 Ro* 02 41 36.6134202360 +42 50 20.081944104   15.547 14.659   13.608 ~ 13 0
36 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 171 * 02 41 37.4512554168 +42 59 39.641554644   14.78 13.99     ~ 10 0
37 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 172 Ro* 02 41 37.5600483576 +42 57 21.635980560   16.780 15.664   14.427 ~ 13 0
38 V* V800 Per BY* 02 41 38.1390824256 +42 44 04.424333964   15.65 15.04     ~ 13 0
39 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 174 Ro* 02 41 38.2316414928 +42 55 43.065338124   16.927 15.952   14.876 ~ 3 0
40 Cl* NGC 1039 IS 122 * 02 41 38.4659361696 +42 39 04.424393844   14.04 13.43     ~ 12 0
41 2MASS J02413885+4243013 Ro* 02 41 38.8599524904 +42 43 01.404803136   19.158 17.654   15.691 ~ 11 0
42 Cl* NGC 1039 IS 124 * 02 41 40.8072600720 +42 54 47.113872264   13.88 12.93     ~ 12 0
43 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 197 Ro* 02 41 42.9182585184 +42 33 13.733715600   16.799 15.643   14.354 ~ 13 0
44 V* V802 Per BY* 02 41 43.8644364744 +42 45 08.140027500   18.415 17.009   15.260 ~ 12 0
45 V* V805 Per BY* 02 41 44.2004980056 +42 35 35.969521416   18.926 17.476   15.565 ~ 11 0
46 UCAC4 665-012229 * 02 41 44.9163681768 +42 53 56.392275228       15.70   ~ 10 0
47 V* V806 Per BY* 02 41 46.3666860912 +42 32 31.936572996   17.65 16.48 15.65 14.843 ~ 11 0
48 NGC 1039 241 * 02 41 47.8961256480 +42 41 18.530515680   12.91 12.27     ~ 9 0
49 Cl* NGC 1039 IS 142 * 02 41 48.0320184720 +42 39 03.831205572   13.46 12.76     ~ 14 0
50 V* V807 Per BY* 02 41 48.4792871832 +42 49 33.623050224   17.385 16.242   14.830 ~ 6 0
51 UCAC4 663-012247 * 02 41 48.6761960784 +42 27 58.933802088   15.77 14.79 14.62   ~ 9 0
52 V* V808 Per BY* 02 41 48.9837309660 +42 39 59.761424906   17.210 16.034   14.656 ~ 16 0
53 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 224 Ro* 02 41 49.3599304464 +42 36 37.550755584   15.285 14.410   13.451 ~ 14 0
54 Cl* NGC 1039 IAH 1-2953 EB* 02 41 50.4889532917 +43 01 26.966054045           ~ 5 0
55 V* V810 Per BY* 02 41 51.3060831613 +42 34 24.851404124   15.8 14.95     ~ 16 0
56 V* V811 Per BY* 02 41 51.7016746776 +42 38 23.388959976           ~ 10 0
57 V* V813 Per BY* 02 41 53.2458485280 +42 35 26.296274364   17.519 16.294 15.59 14.660 ~ 8 0
58 V* V819 Per BY* 02 41 55.9447603248 +42 58 30.722847852   17.36 16.05 15.89   ~ 10 0
59 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 265 Ro* 02 41 57.4732127038 +43 00 26.509711996   16.564 15.503   14.241 ~ 9 0
60 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 276 * 02 41 58.7461152168 +42 57 30.220879752     15.91     ~ 2 0
61 Cl* NGC 1039 IS 163 * 02 41 59.5604626488 +42 41 01.950034524   13.72 12.96     ~ 9 0
62 Cl* NGC 1039 IS 164 * 02 42 00.4263076235 +42 48 53.481155597   13.41 12.73     ~ 16 0
63 V* V822 Per BY* 02 42 02.2546215312 +43 01 13.416962268   15.95 14.89     ~ 6 0
64 V* V823 Per BY* 02 42 02.5516869189 +42 51 51.559425565   16.253 15.236   14.118 ~ 21 0
65 V* V824 Per BY* 02 42 04.9178609928 +42 37 47.354132964           ~ 11 0
66 [MMS2011] 21 * 02 42 05.12 +42 25 26.5           ~ 2 0
67 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 298 * 02 42 05.7784446840 +42 46 53.673757392   15.52 14.51     ~ 20 0
68 Cl* NGC 1039 IAH 1-1178 * 02 42 06.4950070104 +42 39 37.270747584           ~ 9 0
69 Cl* NGC 1039 IS 179 * 02 42 06.5794434456 +42 36 20.799211140   15.07 13.87     ~ 3 0
70 Cl* NGC 1039 IS 180 * 02 42 08.1888687648 +42 38 42.056231928   13.66 12.89     ~ 10 0
71 NGC 1039 OpC 02 42 09.1 +42 44 02           ~ 467 0
72 V* V828 Per BY* 02 42 10.2898008096 +42 59 35.978847900           ~ 8 0
73 2XMM J024136.6+425020 EB* 02 42 10.4188587663 +42 46 33.371540637           ~ 5 0
74 V* V830 Per BY* 02 42 10.9892469408 +42 43 16.341622968           ~ 8 0
75 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 327 * 02 42 11.3234588952 +42 50 36.435673212   15.4 14.49     ~ 5 0
76 V* V831 Per BY* 02 42 11.6698777766 +42 31 17.876293393       16.01   ~ 11 0
77 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 342 * 02 42 13.9738105224 +42 55 48.125956548   15.12 14.20     ~ 6 0
78 Cl* NGC 1039 IS 199 * 02 42 14.9067825840 +42 54 33.537849804   13.80 12.97     ~ 6 0
79 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 358 * 02 42 17.4198404112 +42 35 04.042767264   16.16 15.84     ~ 3 0
80 [MMS2011] 55 * 02 42 18.81 +42 28 58.4           ~ 1 0
81 V* V839 Per BY* 02 42 20.3079135240 +42 49 05.607329484           ~ 11 0
82 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 380 * 02 42 22.9545692609 +42 57 29.024866534   15.43 14.58     ~ 10 0
83 [MMS2011] 51 * 02 42 23.20 +42 27 28.4           ~ 1 0
84 UCAC4 663-012315 * 02 42 24.7929234849 +42 27 40.040304346       15.81   ~ 13 0
85 V* V842 Per BY* 02 42 24.9022577208 +42 53 25.951696476           ~ 9 0
86 Cl* NGC 1039 IS 215 V* 02 42 25.8367327584 +42 28 44.504559012   14.04 13.91     ~ 4 0
87 [MMS2011] 24 * 02 42 26.03 +42 48 53.9           ~ 2 0
88 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 397 * 02 42 26.3156245560 +42 30 13.524163884   15.64 14.74     ~ 14 0
89 V* V846 Per BY* 02 42 31.5394551744 +42 37 10.527987612   17.01 15.93     ~ 14 0
90 NGC 1039 352 * 02 42 34.3231339344 +42 36 22.247813556   13.05 12.40 12.27   ~ 18 0
91 V* V853 Per BY* 02 42 36.3017066520 +42 54 31.504806504     15.08     ~ 12 0
92 Cl* NGC 1039 IS 233 * 02 42 41.7499431192 +43 00 49.595426208   13.48 12.92     ~ 5 0
93 NGC 1039 367 * 02 42 42.4480159944 +42 40 31.438108992   13.17 12.82     ~ 12 0
94 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 469 * 02 42 43.4418800424 +42 52 30.160227576   17.07 15.70     ~ 6 0
95 [MMS2011] 41 * 02 42 44.01 +42 26 39.7           ~ 1 0
96 V* V861 Per BY* 02 42 47.5496696304 +42 45 46.817005248   17.81 16.68     ~ 14 0
97 V* V862 Per BY* 02 42 47.7364744632 +42 47 42.939620160   15.95 15.00     ~ 22 0
98 [MMS2011] 28 * 02 42 47.89 +43 00 47.2           ~ 2 0
99 UCAC4 664-012210 ** 02 42 49.202688 +42 40 15.38724   15.85 14.98 14.87   ~ 2 0
100 [MMS2011] 71 * 02 42 50.3176861749 +42 34 20.406288023           ~ 4 0
101 V* V864 Per BY* 02 42 50.7705996312 +42 58 07.851505080     14.88     ~ 12 0
102 Cl* NGC 1039 IS 246 * 02 42 51.3691219584 +42 47 52.546648704   13.55 12.78     ~ 8 0
103 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 516 * 02 42 55.0836110736 +42 45 50.498597124   17.04 15.98     ~ 14 0
104 V* V867 Per BY* 02 42 56.8999390587 +42 35 21.880626953   15.29 14.40     ~ 12 0
105 V* V868 Per BY* 02 42 57.8371844703 +42 58 03.854880882   15.79 14.85     ~ 14 0
106 V* V869 Per BY* 02 42 57.8756975232 +42 41 46.559011992     16.53     ~ 4 0
107 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 534 * 02 42 59.5490884976 +42 48 23.600424481     15.80     ~ 10 0
108 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 539 * 02 42 59.5769489904 +42 33 14.519330676   16.78 15.69     ~ 4 0
109 V* V870 Per BY* 02 42 59.9525908032 +42 58 01.516181844   16.67 15.67     ~ 10 0
110 Cl* NGC 1039 IAH 4-2533 * 02 43 01.9938104592 +42 46 54.212404944           ~ 11 0
111 ZTF J024303.46+430301.7 BY* 02 43 03.4618638131 +43 03 01.824437628           ~ 5 0
112 Cl* NGC 1039 IS 269 SB* 02 43 07.2850356840 +42 47 46.989201336   13.73 12.60     ~ 4 0
113 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 570 * 02 43 10.2630103944 +42 54 32.950599372   15.69 14.74     ~ 11 0
114 [MMS2011] 118 * 02 43 13.04 +42 32 29.5           ~ 1 0
115 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 582 EB* 02 43 13.1016949080 +42 50 25.453610448     16.15     ~ 7 0
116 Cl* NGC 1039 IS 279 * 02 43 15.3411339203 +42 30 36.711511157   13.59 13.05     ~ 14 0
117 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 594 * 02 43 18.0415482744 +42 46 37.336215108   14.65 13.87     ~ 11 0
118 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 600 * 02 43 21.1348655136 +42 48 56.394856908     15.99     ~ 2 0
119 2MASS J02432379+4230590 * 02 43 23.7984595997 +42 30 59.007624668           ~ 11 0
120 Cl* NGC 1039 JP 612 * 02 43 30.2815113120 +42 53 02.624697312   15.81 14.88     ~ 10 0
121 Cl* NGC 1039 IS 298 * 02 43 31.9613261400 +42 38 31.562060208   14.25 13.52     ~ 13 0
122 * alf Per V* 03 24 19.3700924 +49 51 40.245455 2.64 2.27 1.79     F5Ib 870 1
123 Cl Melotte 22 OpC 03 46 38.0 +24 10 41           ~ 3679 0
124 Cl Melotte 25 OpC 04 30 27.4 +16 46 43           ~ 3309 0
125 M 37 OpC 05 52 18.6 +32 32 36           ~ 436 0
126 NGC 2168 OpC 06 09 07.5 +24 20 15           ~ 604 0
127 IC 2391 OpC 08 41 17.5 -53 03 00           ~ 871 0
128 IC 2602 OpC 10 42 55.9 -64 25 22           ~ 735 0
129 NGC 3532 OpC 11 05 33.9 -58 42 13           ~ 414 0

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