2011ApJ...741....3K

We present results of high-resolution imaging toward HL Tau by the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy. We have obtained λ = 1.3 mm and 2.7 mm dust continua with an angular resolution down to 0".13. Through simultaneous model fitting to the two wavelength data sets in Bayesian inference using a flared viscous accretion disk model, we estimate the physical properties of HL Tau, such as density distribution, dust opacity spectral index, disk mass, disk size, inclination angle, position angle, and disk thickness. HL Tau has a circumstellar disk mass of 0.13 M_{x2609}, a characteristic radius of 79 AU, an inclination of 40°, and a position angle of 136°. Although a thin disk model is preferred by our two wavelength data sets, a thick disk model is needed to explain the high mid- and far-infrared emission of the HL Tau spectral energy distribution. This could imply large dust grains settled down on the midplane with fine dust grains mixed with gas. The HL Tau disk is likely gravitationally unstable and can be fragmented between 50 and 100 AU of radius. However, we did not detect dust thermal continuum supporting the protoplanet candidate claimed by a previous study using observations of the Very Large Array at λ = 1.3 cm.