2011MNRAS.416.2415H

Query : 2011MNRAS.416.2415H

2011MNRAS.416.2415H - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 416, 2415-2425 (2011/October-1)

Quantified H I morphology – II. Lopsidedness and interaction in WHISP column density maps.

HOLWERDA B.W., PIRZKAL N., DE BLOK W.J.G., BOUCHARD A., BLYTH S.-L., VAN DER HEYDEN K.J. and ELSON E.C.

Abstract (from CDS):

Lopsidedness of the gaseous disc of spiral galaxies is a common phenomenon in disc morphology, profile and kinematics. Simultaneously, the asymmetry of a galaxy's stellar disc, in combination with other morphological parameters, has seen extensive use as an indication of recent merger or interaction in galaxy samples. Quantified morphology of stellar spiral discs is one avenue to determine the merger rate over much of the age of the Universe. In this paper, we measure the quantitative morphology parameters for the H I column density maps from the Westerbork observations of neutral Hydrogen in Irregular and SPiral galaxies (WHISP). These are Concentration, Asymmetry, Smoothness, Gini, M20 and one addition of our own, the Gini parameter of the second-order moment (GM). Our aim is to determine if lopsided or interacting discs can be identified with these parameters. Our sample of 141 H I maps have all previous classifications on their lopsidedness and interaction.

We find that the Asymmetry, M20 and our new GM parameter correlate only weakly with the previous morphological lopsidedness quantification. These three parameters may be used to compute a probability that an H I disc is morphologically lopsided but not unequivocally to determine it. However, we do find that the question whether or not an H I disc is interacting can be settled well using morphological parameters. Parameter cuts from the literature do not translate from ultraviolet to H I directly but new selection criteria using combinations of Asymmetry and M20 or Concentration and M20work very well.

We suggest that future all-sky H I surveys may use these parameters of the column density maps to determine the merger fraction and hence rate in the local Universe with a high degree of accuracy.


Abstract Copyright: 2011 The Authors Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society2011 RAS

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: fundamental parameters - galaxies: interactions - galaxies: kinematics and dynamics - galaxies: spiral - galaxies: structure

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/MNRAS/416/2415): tablea1.dat tablea2.dat>

Simbad objects: 142

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Number of rows : 142
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 23 AGN 00 09 53.411 +25 55 25.46   12.5       ~ 331 2
2 NGC 26 GiP 00 10 25.8802950840 +25 49 54.906561264   13.9       ~ 91 1
3 Z 500-16 AG? 00 24 38.6630103696 +33 15 22.195127448   14.7       ~ 40 0
4 NGC 262 Bla 00 48 47.14147900 +31 57 25.0845702 14.04 13.90 13.06 8.53   ~ 778 2
5 NGC 266 LIN 00 49 47.8149787992 +32 16 39.786194928 12.98 12.54 11.63     ~ 202 1
6 NGC 338 GiG 01 00 36.4009452192 +30 40 08.278129992   14.0       ~ 106 0
7 UGC 731 AG? 01 10 43.98 +49 36 07.9   17       ~ 103 0
8 IC 1654 GiG 01 15 11.8468556448 +30 11 41.240835600   14.3       ~ 49 0
9 IC 1727 GiP 01 47 29.890 +27 20 00.06   12.54 11.98 11.77   ~ 216 0
10 Z 503-26 LSB 01 49 31.71 +32 35 16.2   13.0       ~ 171 0
11 NGC 694 GiP 01 50 58.492 +21 59 51.18   13.9       ~ 111 0
12 NGC 797 G 02 03 28.10 +38 07 01.1   13.90 13.06     ~ 56 1
13 Z 505-6 GiG 02 33 18.20 +33 29 28.0   14.9   13.59   ~ 91 0
14 Z 539-46 GiG 02 33 42.96 +40 31 41.2   15.0   13.45   ~ 71 0
15 NGC 972 G 02 34 13.3574389680 +29 18 40.604917356   12.1 13.63     ~ 178 2
16 Z 505-16 AG? 02 34 29.31 +29 44 59.4   15.7       ~ 59 0
17 NGC 1012 AG? 02 39 14.963 +30 09 06.01   13.1       ~ 99 1
18 NGC 1023 AG? 02 40 24.0133575864 +39 03 47.663392896 10.91 10.35 9.35 7.83   ~ 689 2
19 NGC 1056 Sy2 02 42 48.2914236192 +28 34 26.660028468   13.5       ~ 180 0
20 NGC 1156 GiG 02 59 42.8528847264 +25 14 28.352017320 12.13 12.32 11.74     ~ 323 1
21 NGC 1167 LIN 03 01 42.3322774176 +35 12 20.300948892   13.84 12.77     ~ 382 1
22 NAME Hubble Ultra Deep Field reg 03 32 39.0 -27 47 29           ~ 1900 0
23 Z 327-12 AG? 04 02 33.9170114400 +71 42 21.124283292   14.9       ~ 69 1
24 IC 357 GiG 04 03 44.0019434448 +22 09 32.853371220   14.3       ~ 48 1
25 IC 356 AG? 04 07 46.8869589504 +69 48 44.715725208   13.3       ~ 161 1
26 Z 347-7 AG? 04 46 16.976 +76 25 08.04   15.5       ~ 75 0
27 MCG+05-12-002 AG? 04 56 14.8692530064 +30 03 08.201990520   16.0       ~ 71 0
28 Z 259-2 AG? 05 47 18.228 +56 06 44.56   15.3       ~ 46 1
29 MCG+13-05-007a AG? 05 56 35.98 +75 19 01.9   17       ~ 89 0
30 Z 284-3 AG? 05 59 47.7304649424 +62 09 28.833960888   14.8       ~ 32 0
31 Z 203-3 AG? 06 09 08.0932105872 +42 05 07.027876248   14.6       ~ 34 0
32 Z 329-24 Sy2 06 15 36.2812259376 +71 02 14.837219808 14.21 14.03 12.97     ~ 960 2
33 NGC 2273 Sy1 06 50 08.6691789600 +60 50 44.864645136   14.50 13.54     ~ 566 2
34 Z 330-19 AG? 06 55 30.9694563864 +69 33 47.319499836   13.01 12.57 12.08 11.50 ~ 107 1
35 Z 309-17 GiG 07 04 20.2990894416 +64 01 12.820361592   13.51 12.6     ~ 43 0
36 UGC 3698 AG? 07 09 18.75 +44 22 48.2   17       ~ 45 0
37 NGC 2337 rG 07 10 13.6374445464 +44 27 26.716619844   13.1       ~ 94 1
38 UGC 3817 G 07 22 44.48 +45 06 30.7   17       ~ 49 0
39 NGC 2366 H2G 07 28 52.4529 +69 12 38.859 12.25 11.86 11.39 11.33   ~ 801 0
40 IC 2204 Sy1 07 41 18.1052790120 +34 13 55.838770104   16.93 16.26     ~ 41 0
41 MCG+07-16-011 AG? 07 41 25.777 +40 06 46.05   16.0       ~ 125 0
42 Z 362-46 GiG 07 55 43.7634883752 +84 55 35.337706284   14.0       ~ 31 1
43 Z 349-16 AG? 08 07 10.05 +80 07 36.5   15.7       ~ 53 0
44 NGC 2537 H2G 08 13 14.643 +45 59 23.25 12.18 12.50 11.69 11.66   ~ 314 2
45 IC 2233 LSB 08 13 58.909 +45 44 31.74 12.87 13.41 12.63 12.80   ~ 253 1
46 UGC 4305 IG 08 19 04.9864630512 +70 43 13.086910452 12.06 11.72 11.39 11.11   ~ 812 2
47 NGC 2552 EmG 08 19 20.5355420472 +50 00 34.590204468 13.44 13.00 12.56     ~ 284 1
48 NGC 2599 LIN 08 32 11.3215409472 +22 33 38.005300296   13.4       ~ 123 1
49 Z 263-63 GiP 08 37 41.489 +51 39 08.58   13.50       ~ 149 1
50 Z 237-13 G 08 43 21.8462696016 +45 44 09.601368324   15.1       ~ 71 0
51 NGC 2654 SyG 08 49 11.8211394432 +60 13 16.366909476   12.80       ~ 148 0
52 NGC 2685 Sy2 08 55 34.7027817000 +58 44 03.876540108   13.68 12.70     ~ 459 1
53 NGC 2655 Sy2 08 55 37.731 +78 13 23.10   12.03 11.08     ~ 318 2
54 NGC 2782 Sy2 09 14 05.11967 +40 06 49.6800 12.29 12.30 11.63     ~ 494 3
55 NGC 2893 AG? 09 30 16.9542533472 +29 32 23.895492828   13.6 13.11     ~ 132 1
56 NGC 2985 Sy2 09 50 22.233 +72 16 43.13   11.37 10.61     ~ 269 1
57 Z 152-72 EmG 09 50 22.769 +31 29 17.80   14.48   14.10   ~ 207 0
58 NGC 3067 GiG 09 58 21.0726714528 +32 22 12.012636108   12.7       ~ 255 1
59 NGC 3104 AG? 10 03 57.185 +40 45 41.43   14.2       ~ 142 0
60 NGC 3189 GiP 10 18 05.643 +21 49 54.98 12.60 12.12 11.15 11.14   ~ 422 2
61 NGC 3274 EmG 10 32 17.2253817864 +27 40 07.165226244   13.30   12.77   ~ 261 0
62 Z 184-6 AG? 10 42 42.787 +34 26 57.39   13.31 13.09 12.84 12.85 ~ 173 0
63 Z 290-65 AG? 10 44 28.536 +60 22 01.39   15.4       ~ 58 0
64 NGC 3380 GiG 10 48 12.1848022440 +28 36 06.485019660   13.6       ~ 105 0
65 MCG+11-13-039 GiG 10 49 36.412 +65 32 01.07 15.55 15.27 14.79 14.55   ~ 170 0
66 NGC 3396 GiP 10 49 55.939 +32 59 26.44   12.6 12.50     ~ 214 1
67 NGC 3413 EmG 10 51 20.709 +32 45 58.94   13.1       ~ 130 0
68 NGC 3432 AG? 10 52 31.132 +36 37 07.60   11.81 11.67 11.29   ~ 321 1
69 NGC 3442 H2G 10 53 08.0999856384 +33 54 37.298426436   13.2       ~ 96 1
70 NGC 3504 LIN 11 03 11.19147 +27 58 20.7660   13.48 12.93     ~ 545 2
71 NGC 3600 H2G 11 15 51.980 +41 35 28.96   12.6       ~ 124 0
72 Z 268-36 GiC 11 26 40.4656762968 +53 44 48.012539280   14.5       ~ 164 0
73 NGC 3786 Sy2 11 39 42.5121341928 +31 54 33.971791752   14.62 13.74     ~ 413 1
74 NGC 3788 GiP 11 39 44.5783762224 +31 55 52.367128392   13.30 12.50     ~ 138 1
75 Z 242-72 AG? 11 40 05.7497793984 +45 56 31.750795896   14.6       ~ 87 0
76 NGC 3870 H2G 11 45 56.634 +50 11 59.66   13.2       ~ 155 1
77 NGC 3900 GiP 11 49 09.4563144120 +27 01 19.276393872   12.5       ~ 202 0
78 NGC 3898 LIN 11 49 15.370 +56 05 03.66   11.7       ~ 329 1
79 Z 214-32 AG? 11 50 52.98254 +38 52 50.6594   13.72 13.9 13.39   ~ 175 0
80 NGC 3995 GiG 11 57 44.09779 +32 17 38.6411   12.81       ~ 170 0
81 MCG+09-20-050 AG? 11 58 25.96 +50 55 03.4   17       ~ 67 0
82 NGC 4068 AG? 12 04 03.265 +52 35 26.05   13.29   12.77   ~ 189 0
83 Z 187-12 AG? 12 08 41.514 +36 48 08.27   14.7       ~ 89 0
84 NGC 4144 GiG 12 09 58.601 +46 27 25.85   12.17   11.50   ~ 260 0
85 NGC 4151 Sy1 12 10 32.5759813872 +39 24 21.063527532   12.18 11.48     ~ 3938 2
86 NGC 4163 LSB 12 12 09.34 +36 10 08.1 14.33 13.70 13.2 12.98   ~ 238 0
87 NGC 4190 LSB 12 13 44.765 +36 38 02.49 13.88 13.40 13.25 12.86   ~ 224 0
88 NGC 4203 LIN 12 15 05.0549203560 +33 11 50.383965120   12.98 11.99     ~ 514 2
89 NGC 4204 GiC 12 15 14.359 +20 39 32.68   14.3       ~ 162 0
90 NGC 4228 SBG 12 15 39.174 +36 19 36.80 10.63 10.30 9.93 9.74   ~ 1017 1
91 NGC 4242 GiG 12 17 30.1835103480 +45 37 09.508940220   11.37 10.83     ~ 285 1
92 NGC 4288 GiG 12 20 38.119 +46 17 27.67   13.6       ~ 187 0
93 Z 244-7 GiG 12 21 15.01 +45 48 40.8   14.8       ~ 123 2
94 Z 335-12 AG? 12 24 25.30 +70 20 01.0 13.93 13.38 12.86 12.60   ~ 74 0
95 NGC 4369 AGN 12 24 36.204 +39 22 58.73   12.3       ~ 210 1
96 NGC 4384 EmG 12 25 12.012 +54 30 22.07   13.5       ~ 135 1
97 NGC 4395 Sy2 12 25 48.8633109888 +33 32 48.700168152 10.84 10.54 10.11 9.98   ~ 1286 1
98 Z 187-44 GiP 12 27 05.566 +37 08 30.39   14.19   13.55   ~ 217 0
99 Z 216-4 GiG 12 27 40.90 +43 29 44.0 13.75 13.10 12.7 12.33   ~ 270 0
100 NGC 4449 EmG 12 28 11.118 +44 05 36.81 10.11 9.98 9.64 9.45   ~ 1192 1
101 MCG+07-26-010 EmG 12 28 44.078 +43 13 25.79   16.0       ~ 106 0
102 NGC 4455 EmG 12 28 44.1242000448 +22 49 13.538159508   15.5       ~ 222 0
103 Z 216-10 LSB 12 32 26.893 +42 42 14.84   13.7       ~ 130 0
104 NGC 4509 GiG 12 33 06.500 +32 05 27.35   14.1       ~ 93 0
105 IC 3687 GiG 12 42 15.1540831512 +38 30 05.844632940   15.5       ~ 153 0
106 MCG+06-28-024 GiC 12 44 24.881 +34 23 03.33   15.0       ~ 72 0
107 NGC 4707 AG? 12 48 21.666 +51 09 53.81   15.2       ~ 113 0
108 NGC 4725 Sy2 12 50 26.5716367992 +25 30 02.733090588   13.45 12.44     ~ 727 2
109 IC 4182 BiC 13 05 48.7478324064 +37 36 12.965157684   11.86   11.40   ~ 344 1
110 Z 316-9 AG? 13 06 24.85 +67 42 25.0 14.08 13.61 13.08 12.98   ~ 268 1
111 NGC 5014 H2G 13 11 31.2417164616 +36 16 55.998720012   13.5       ~ 161 1
112 NGC 5023 EmG 13 12 11.8036148808 +44 02 17.328663600   13.2       ~ 265 0
113 Z 245-38 AG? 13 15 29.753 +47 29 58.69   15.6       ~ 114 1
114 NGC 5204 LSB 13 29 36.508 +58 25 07.43   11.84   11.37   ~ 494 0
115 NGC 5229 LSB 13 34 02.831 +47 54 55.68   14.6       ~ 149 0
116 Z 218-40 AG? 13 42 32.52057 +39 39 30.5732   15.7       ~ 42 0
117 NGC 5289 GiP 13 45 08.7075916440 +41 30 12.218593392   14.09 13.09     ~ 149 0
118 NGC 5347 Sy2 13 53 17.7984934128 +33 29 27.011618196   13.46 12.70     ~ 373 1
119 Z 272-13 AG? 13 54 45.602 +53 54 20.06   14.2       ~ 219 0
120 NGC 5377 AGN 13 56 16.6722507720 +47 14 08.568249072   12.39 11.46 10.87 10.25 ~ 244 1
121 Z 133-19 AG? 14 15 57.0834 +23 03 29.871 15.40 14.77 14.41 14.32   ~ 296 0
122 NGC 5533 Sy2 14 16 07.7507477232 +35 20 37.879981584   13.0       ~ 189 0
123 Z 247-23 AG? 14 22 32.1696941112 +45 23 01.932649116   15.7       ~ 78 0
124 Z 164-50 EmG 14 59 34.365 +27 06 58.65   14.9       ~ 44 0
125 Z 319-21 AG? 15 41 47.85 +67 15 15.3 15.71 15.22 14.81 14.44   ~ 93 0
126 Z 251-4 AG? 16 16 17.9000468088 +47 02 43.128874644   14.9       ~ 151 0
127 NGC 6186 GiG 16 34 25.485 +21 32 27.01   14.2       ~ 109 0
128 NGC 6667 AG? 18 30 39.81453 +67 59 13.3910   13.7       ~ 63 0
129 Z 304-5 LSB 20 24 00.6851855760 +60 11 41.414285040   14.5       ~ 77 0
130 NGC 7013 AG? 21 03 33.5698770000 +29 53 50.926694208   12.9       ~ 145 0
131 Z 471-1 AG? 21 14 31.75 +26 44 04.5   15.6       ~ 64 0
132 Z 493-13 AG? 21 55 59.3494136184 +27 53 54.073166136   15.0       ~ 54 0
133 Z 343-3 AG? 21 56 24.148 +73 15 39.33   15.2       ~ 102 0
134 NGC 7217 LIN 22 07 52.3984675584 +31 21 33.632293572   12.94 11.92     ~ 511 0
135 NGC 7231 GiG 22 12 30.117 +45 19 42.43   14.0       ~ 59 0
136 NGC 7286 AG? 22 27 50.522 +29 05 45.57   13.4       ~ 52 0
137 Z 514-45 GiG 22 30 33.98 +33 49 10.8   15.5       ~ 73 0
138 NGC 7440 GiG 22 58 32.5503898248 +35 48 08.730808272   14.6       ~ 52 1
139 Z 533-8 GiG 23 29 58.540 +40 59 31.98   15.7       ~ 110 0
140 Z 497-44 AG? 23 38 14.758 +30 42 33.24   15.1       ~ 57 0
141 Z 476-106 GiP 23 40 39.86 +26 14 11.1   14.5       ~ 146 0
142 NGC 7771 GiG 23 51 24.880 +20 06 42.57 13.42 13.08 12.25     ~ 350 3

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