2012A&A...538A..71A

Query : 2012A&A...538A..71A

2012A&A...538A..71A - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 538A71-71 (2012/2-1)

The cosmic-ray and gas content of the Cygnus region as measured in gamma-rays by the Fermi Large Area Telescope.

ACKERMANN M., AJELLO M., ALLAFORT A., BALDINI L., BALLET J., BARBIELLINI G., BASTIERI D., BELFIORE A., BELLAZZINI R., BERENJI B., BLANDFORD R.D., BLOOM E.D., BONAMENTE E., BORGLAND A.W., BOTTACINI E., BREGEON J., BRIGIDA M., BRUEL P., BUEHLER R., BUSON S., CALIANDRO G.A., CAMERON R.A., CARAVEO P.A., CASANDJIAN J.M., CECCHI C., CHEKHTMAN A., CIPRINI S., CLAUS R., COHEN-TANUGI J., DE ANGELIS A., DE PALMA F., DERMER C.D., DO COUTO E SILVA E., DRELL P.S., DUMORA D., FAVUZZI C., FEGAN S.J., FOCKE W.B., FORTIN P., FUKAZAWA Y., FUSCO P., GARGANO F., GERMANI S., GIGLIETTO N., GIORDANO F., GIROLETTI M., GLANZMAN T., GODFREY G., GRENIER I.A., GUILLEMOT L., GUIRIEC S., HADASCH D., HANABATA Y., HARDING A.K., HAYASHIDA M., HAYASHI K., HAYS E., JOHANNESSON G., JOHNSON A.S., KAMAE T., KATAGIRI H., KATAOKA J., KERR M., KNODLSEDER J., KUSS M., LANDE J., LATRONICO L., LEE S.-H., LONGO F., LOPARCO F., LOTT B., LOVELLETTE M.N., LUBRANO P., MARTIN P., MAZZIOTTA M.N., McENERY J.E., MEHAULT J., MICHELSON P.F., MITTHUMSIRI W., MIZUNO T., MONTE C., MONZANI M.E., MORSELLI A., MOSKALENKO I.V., MURGIA S., NAUMANN-GODO M., NOLAN P.L., NORRIS J.P., NUSS E., OHSUGI T., OKUMURA A., OMODEI N., ORLANDO E., ORMES J.F., OZAKI M., PANEQUE D., PARENT D., PESCE-ROLLINS M., PIERBATTISTA M., PIRON F., PORTER T.A., RAINO S., RANDO R., RAZZANO M., REIMER O., REPOSEUR T., RITZ S., SAZ PARKINSON P.M., SGRO C., SISKIND E.J., SMITH P.D., SPINELLI P., STRONG A.W., TAKAHASHI H., TANAKA T., THAYER J.G., THAYER J.B., THOMPSON D.J., TIBALDO L., TORRES D.F., TOSTI G., TRAMACERE A., TROJA E., UCHIYAMA Y., VANDENBROUCKE J., VASILEIOU V., VIANELLO G., VITALE V., WAITE A.P., WANG P., WINER B.L., WOOD K.S., YANG Z., ZIMMER S. and BONTEMPS S.

Abstract (from CDS):

The Cygnus region hosts a giant molecular-cloud complex that actively forms massive stars. Interactions of cosmic rays with interstellar gas and radiation fields make it shine at γ-ray energies. Several γ-ray pulsars and other energetic sources are seen in this direction. In this paper we analyze the γ-ray emission measured by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) in the energy range from 100MeV to 100GeV in order to probe the gas and cosmic-ray content on the scale of the whole Cygnus complex. The γ-ray emission on the scale of the central massive stellar clusters and from individual sources is addressed elsewhere. The signal from bright pulsars is greatly reduced by selecting photons in their off-pulse phase intervals. We compare the diffuse γ-ray emission with interstellar gas maps derived from radio/mm-wave lines and visual extinction data. A general model of the region, including other pulsars and γ-ray sources, is sought. The integral HI emissivity above 100MeV averaged over the whole Cygnus complex amounts to [2.06±0.11(stat.)+0.15–0.84(syst.)]x10–26photons/s/sr/H-atom, where the systematic error is dominated by the uncertainty on the HI opacity to calculate its column densities. The integral emissivity and its spectral energy distribution are both consistent within the systematics with LAT measurements in the interstellar space near the solar system. The average XCO=N(H2)/WCO ratio is found to be [1.68±0.05(stat.)–0.10+0.87(HI opacity)]x1020molecules/cm2/(K.km/s), consistent with other LAT measurements in the Local Arm. We detect significant γ-ray emission from dark neutral gas for a mass corresponding to ∼40% of what is traced by CO. The total interstellar mass in the Cygnus complex inferred from its γ-ray emission amounts to 8+5–1x106M☉ at a distance of 1.4kpc. Despite the conspicuous star formation activity and high masses of the interstellar clouds, the cosmic-ray population in the Cygnus complex averaged over a few hundred parsecs is similar to that of the local interstellar space.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): ISM: abundances - ISM: clouds - cosmic rays - gamma rays: ISM

Simbad objects: 38

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Number of rows : 38
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME Cas Cloud Cld 00 37 +65.8           ~ 31 0
2 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
3 RMC 136 Cl* 05 38 42.396 -69 06 03.36   5.81 5.40     ~ 2236 2
4 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
5 V* HI Cyg Mi* 19 30 20.6216355888 +30 54 07.283802528           M5 12 0
6 PSR J1957+5033 Psr 19 57 38.391 +50 33 21.24           ~ 45 0
7 MAGIC J2001+435 BLL 20 01 12.8737326408 +43 52 52.840241616   15.6   15   ~ 108 1
8 7C 2010+4619 BLL 20 12 05.6371245432 +46 28 55.779736836           ~ 92 2
9 QSO J2015+371 BLL 20 15 28.72978661 +37 10 59.5147372     21.82 21.4   ~ 324 2
10 PSR J2017+3625 Psr 20 17 55.84 +36 25 07.9           ~ 32 0
11 1LHAASO J2018+3643u gam 20 18.6 +36 43           ~ 67 0
12 ARGO J2021+4038 gam 20 19 00.0 +40 42 00           ~ 33 1
13 NAME gam Cyg SNR SNR 20 20 17.100 +40 26 09.00           ~ 247 2
14 NAME Northern Coalsack DNe 20 21 +37.0           ~ 124 0
15 PSR J2021+3651 Psr 20 21 05.40 +36 51 04.5           ~ 218 1
16 PSR J2021+4026 Psr 20 21 30.496 +40 26 53.56           ~ 300 2
17 * gam Cyg V* 20 22 13.7018357 +40 15 24.044963 3.44 2.90 2.23 1.74 1.40 F8Ib 607 0
18 0FGL J2027.5+3334 gam 20 27 40 +33 35.5           ~ 13 0
19 ICRF J202939.8+492622 Bla 20 29 39.87459383 +49 26 22.1476662           ~ 45 1
20 PSR J2030+3641 Psr 20 30 00.241 +36 41 27.30           ~ 43 2
21 NAME Cyg X Cld 20 30 04.7973633 +40 51 36.002197           ~ 962 1
22 PSR J2030+4415 Psr 20 30 51.396 +44 15 38.73           ~ 68 0
23 NAME Cyg Complex reg 20 32 +45.0           ~ 667 0
24 [MT91] 213 Psr 20 32 13.1247390384 +41 27 24.346666440 13.12 13.08 11.266     B0Vp 334 0
25 V* V1521 Cyg HXB 20 32 25.78 +40 57 27.9           WN4/5-6/7 2035 2
26 Ass Cyg OB 2 As* 20 33.2 +41 19           ~ 1023 0
27 PSR J2034+3632 Psr 20 34 59.9926758 +36 32 20.721130           ~ 30 0
28 1FGL J2040.4+4652 gam 20 40 28 +46 52.2           ~ 5 0
29 NAME Cyg Loop SNR 20 51.0 +30 40           ~ 964 0
30 V* CO Cyg LP* 21 00 34.4477863848 +44 45 29.840038632   10.33 8.55     K5 10 0
31 NVSS J211020+381659 QSO 21 10 20.18547 +38 16 58.8860           ~ 11 0
32 QSO J2115+295 Bla 21 15 29.41345155 +29 33 38.3669390     19.5 19.26   ~ 201 1
33 RX J2116.1+3339 BLL 21 16 14.5182410521 +33 39 20.425133154           ~ 64 1
34 1FGL J2116.8+3729 gam 21 17 58.1 +37 29 03           ~ 20 0
35 1RXS J212741.4+361310 BLL 21 27 43.0283820507 +36 13 05.734648328           ~ 46 1
36 NAME Cepheus Cloud SFR 22 00.0 +76 30           ~ 165 0
37 NAME Gould Belt PoG ~ ~           ~ 956 1
38 NAME Local Arm reg ~ ~           ~ 649 0

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