2012A&A...538A.100L

Query : 2012A&A...538A.100L

2012A&A...538A.100L - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 538A100-100 (2012/2-1)

VLT/FLAMES spectroscopy of red giant branch stars in the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy.

LEMASLE B., HILL V., TOLSTOY E., VENN K.A., SHETRONE M.D., IRWIN M.J., DE BOER T.J.L., STARKENBURG E. and SALVADORI S.

Abstract (from CDS):

The ages of individual red giant branch stars can range from 1Gyr old to the age of the Universe, and it is believed that the abundances of most chemical elements in their photospheres remain unchanged with time (those that are not affected by the first dredge-up). This means that they trace the interstellar medium in the galaxy at the time the star formed, and hence the chemical enrichment history of the galaxy. Colour-magnitude diagram analysis has shown the Carina dwarf spheroidal to have had an unusually episodic star formation history and this is expected to be reflected in the abundances of different chemical elements. We use the VLT-FLAMES multi-fibre spectrograph in high-resolution mode (R∼20000) to measure the abundances of several chemical elements, including Fe, Mg, Ca and Ba, in a sample of 35 individual Red Giant Branch stars in the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy. We also combine these abundances with photometry to derive age estimates for these stars. This allows us to determine which of two distinct star formation episodes the stars in our sample belong to, and thus to define the relationship between star formation and chemical enrichment during these two episodes. As is expected from the star formation history, Carina contains two distinct populations of Red Giant Branch stars: one old (>10Gyr), which we have found to be metal-poor ([Fe/H]←1.5), and α-rich ([Mg/Fe]>0); the other intermediate age (∼2-6Gyr), which we have found to have a metallicity range (-1.8<[Fe/H]←1.2) with a large spread in [α/Fe] abundance, going from extremely low values ([Mg/Fe]←0.3) to the same mean values as the older population (<[Mg/Fe]≳0.3). We show that the chemical enrichment history of the Carina dwarf spheroidal was different for each star formation episode. The earliest was short (∼2-3Gyr) and resulted in the rapid chemical enrichment of the whole galaxy to [Fe/H]~-1.5 with both SNe II and SNe Ia contributions. The subsequent episode occured after a gap of ∼3-4Gyr, forming ∼70% of the stars in the Carina dSph, but it appears to have resulted in relatively little evolution in either [Fe/H] or [α/Fe].

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): stars: abundances - galaxies: individual: Carina dwarf spheroidal - galaxies: evolution

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/538/A100): table3.dat table4.dat table7.dat table8.dat table9.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 3: [LHT2012] MKVNNNN N=98 among (Nos 397-1070).

CDS comments: Table 10: Objects S03CaNN are [MOW91] NN in Simbad.

Simbad objects: 122

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Number of rows : 122
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy G 01 00 09.4 -33 42 32   9.79 8.6 8.81   ~ 1498 4
2 WEL 14 AB* 02 39 39.4524491424 -34 28 46.752387528   19.632 17.70   15.66 M2S 6 0
3 2MASS J02394386-3430534 RG* 02 39 43.8614340552 -34 30 53.560863540   20.37 17.888   16.207 ~ 6 0
4 MCG-06-07-001 G 02 39 59.3 -34 26 57   9.02 7.4     ~ 1894 1
5 [LHT2010] BL293 RG* 02 40 01.8074977868 -34 27 48.189426657   20.21 18.45   16.82 ~ 5 0
6 2MASS J02401001-3429589 RG* 02 40 10.0211800872 -34 29 58.971068232   19.76 18.2 18.060 16.75 ~ 17 0
7 DK 63 RG* 02 40 11.7096348648 -34 31 18.809467968   20.169 18.59 17.719 17.01 K2-3 14 0
8 2MASS J06395579-5057365 RG* 06 39 55.7991395232 -50 57 36.621197100   19.048 17.883   16.464 ~ 7 0
9 [LHT2012] MKV0647 * 06 40 11.30 -50 54 39.1   20.264 19.012   17.419 ~ 2 0
10 [MOP2000] C120318 RG* 06 40 22.4997686247 -50 59 01.861963235   20.047 19.109   17.966 ~ 6 0
11 [MOP2000] C120338 * 06 40 24.3417537240 -50 58 08.664705156   19.979 18.890   17.478 ~ 4 0
12 [MOP2000] C130313 * 06 40 29.5773203736 -50 53 09.920974488   19.608 18.360   16.750 ~ 4 0
13 2MASS J06403082-5059153 RG* 06 40 30.8343531528 -50 59 15.217659420   19.068 17.794   16.386 ~ 11 0
14 [WMO2009] Car-0180 RG* 06 40 31.1284556352 -50 55 24.540416292   19.063 17.789   16.395 ~ 12 0
15 [LHT2012] MKV0844 RB? 06 40 31.35 -50 59 02.9   20.022 19.100   17.955 ~ 3 0
16 [LHT2012] MKV0735 * 06 40 32.97 -50 56 34.5   18.335 17.277   15.995 ~ 2 0
17 [MOP2000] C130377 RG* 06 40 35.3656140072 -50 54 07.562500596   19.425 18.262   16.941 ~ 10 0
18 [LHT2012] MKV0571 * 06 40 35.78 -50 52 37.6   19.099 18.158   17.004 ~ 2 0
19 [MOP2000] C130408 * 06 40 37.6567734144 -50 56 25.553150628   20.021 19.015   17.745 ~ 5 0
20 [WMO2009] Car-0354 RB? 06 40 40.2158426904 -50 52 20.506843740   19.836 18.851   17.678 ~ 4 0
21 [WMO2009] Car-0212 RG* 06 40 40.8320662392 -50 54 29.126271888   19.527 18.330   17.057 ~ 11 0
22 [MOP2000] C120583 * 06 40 41.82 -50 59 19.4   20.451 19.311   17.912 ~ 4 0
23 [LHT2012] MKV0537 * 06 40 42.18 -50 51 22.4   18.693 17.730   16.509 ~ 2 0
24 [FBN2016] 57883 EB* 06 40 42.3003295326 -50 50 19.747993588   20.491 19.423   17.953 ~ 3 0
25 [MOP2000] C120597 RG* 06 40 42.4808712576 -51 00 42.558476436   19.372 18.287   16.986 ~ 11 0
26 [MOP2000] C120614 RG* 06 40 43.1630950512 -51 01 06.498861528   19.712 18.715   17.523 ~ 7 0
27 [WMO2009] Car-1954 RB? 06 40 45.4385111784 -50 51 01.498557996   20.086 19.204   18.080 ~ 4 0
28 [MOP2000] C130495 RB? 06 40 46.55 -50 50 50.5   20.246 19.373   18.281 ~ 5 0
29 2MASS J06404775-5106033 RG* 06 40 47.7607725384 -51 06 03.397212072   18.945 17.591   16.140 ~ 12 0
30 [MOP2000] C120721 RR* 06 40 49.1647022592 -51 00 33.208514820   19.296 18.357   17.149 ~ 10 0
31 [MOP2000] C120769 RG* 06 40 51.6122343984 -50 58 21.764813556   20.107 19.155   18.037 ~ 8 0
32 [WMO2009] Car-0214 RB? 06 40 53.5426721544 -51 02 52.767133512   20.341 19.470   18.393 ~ 5 0
33 [MOP2000] C130594 * 06 40 54.7718244432 -50 52 11.856909180   19.191 17.998   16.553 ~ 5 0
34 [WMO2009] Car-0225 RG* 06 40 56.9599945368 -50 58 38.308449396   19.329 18.138   16.813 ~ 12 0
35 [MOP2000] C120887 RG* 06 40 57.0920448000 -50 57 44.362156212   19.663 18.621   17.420 ~ 10 0
36 [LHT2012] MKV0976 RG* 06 40 57.6801094958 -51 02 40.530507719   19.928 19.006   17.883 ~ 5 0
37 2MASS J06405846-5053353 RG* 06 40 58.4679227784 -50 53 35.328881652   19.084 17.826   16.417 ~ 23 0
38 [MOP2000] C120962 RG* 06 41 00.3078816144 -51 03 42.962874084   19.530 18.444   17.196 ~ 8 0
39 [WMO2009] Car-1482 RB? 06 41 02.6388610632 -50 50 48.324028128   19.963 19.010   17.831 ~ 4 0
40 [WMO2009] Car-1383 RB? 06 41 03.9444653352 -50 52 05.462810076   20.277 19.375   18.270 ~ 4 0
41 [WMO2009] Car-0232 RB? 06 41 04.0404214464 -51 03 39.351345048   20.012 19.075   17.918 ~ 4 0
42 2MASS J06410501-5101359 RG* 06 41 05.0144734872 -51 01 35.881734972   18.998 17.646   16.205 ~ 12 0
43 [FBN2016] 72973 RB? 06 41 05.4839180376 -50 53 28.849473312   19.963 19.037   17.860 ~ 6 0
44 [FBN2016] 73112 RB? 06 41 05.7010457712 -50 52 59.574965448   20.055 19.237   18.185 ~ 5 0
45 [WMO2009] Car-0207 RB? 06 41 12.1002560856 -51 03 12.258078624   20.234 19.366   18.287 ~ 4 0
46 [MOP2000] C121226 RG* 06 41 12.3032530152 -50 57 25.965546228   19.367 18.343   17.129 ~ 8 0
47 [WMO2009] Car-0227 RB? 06 41 12.6128390952 -50 59 44.072275596   20.170 19.220   18.074 ~ 4 0
48 [MOP2000] C130838 RB? 06 41 12.8338600992 -50 54 19.952848332   20.307 19.407   18.299 ~ 5 0
49 2MASS J06411470-5051099 RG* 06 41 14.7073094832 -50 51 09.967658688   18.939 17.658   16.310 ~ 12 0
50 [LHT2012] MKV1030 RB? 06 41 14.81 -51 04 15.3   20.262 19.402   18.326 ~ 3 0
51 2MASS J06411547-5101159 RG* 06 41 15.4679163576 -51 01 15.921205932   19.160 18.054   16.746 ~ 9 0
52 [MOP93] 15 RG* 06 41 15.6636690720 -50 59 48.032583468   19.168 17.867   16.448 ~ 13 0
53 [MOP2000] C121334 RG* 06 41 16.3077751704 -51 00 18.658947240   19.292 18.153   16.840 ~ 10 0
54 [WMO2009] Car-1945 RB? 06 41 17.4736385280 -51 00 17.419582800   19.922 18.969   17.823 ~ 4 0
55 [MOP2000] C130934 RB? 06 41 18.3139953072 -50 55 38.952013692   19.972 19.159   18.120 ~ 4 0
56 [WMO2009] Car-0118 RB? 06 41 18.3143419536 -50 58 07.756755384   20.211 19.356   18.297 ~ 4 0
57 2MASS J06411857-5053115 RG* 06 41 18.5671875617 -50 53 11.585241456   19.255 18.069   16.710 ~ 9 0
58 [LHT2012] MKV0535 * 06 41 18.58 -50 51 19.7   18.737 17.804   16.657 ~ 2 0
59 2MASS J06411971-5057254 RG* 06 41 19.7011097640 -50 57 25.516779696   19.224 18.026   16.701 ~ 13 0
60 [MOP2000] C130959 * 06 41 19.98 -50 53 02.5   20.179 19.099   17.769 ~ 4 0
61 2MASS J06412197-5103430 RG* 06 41 21.9752956968 -51 03 43.201175940   19.059 17.803   16.436 ~ 10 0
62 2MASS J06412511-5052479 RB? 06 41 25.1323430904 -50 52 47.861781924   19.706 18.733   17.568 ~ 6 0
63 [MCA82] C8 RG* 06 41 26.1146204760 -50 55 43.907009844   18.982 17.635   16.197 ~ 13 0
64 [MOP2000] C131093 * 06 41 26.9119035096 -50 55 23.313520164   19.927 18.665   17.107 ~ 3 0
65 [MOP2000] C121630 RR* 06 41 27.1806651552 -51 00 18.345115476   19.023 17.744   16.352 ~ 16 0
66 [WMO2009] Car-1494 RG* 06 41 29.0653876608 -50 56 46.215661020   20.009 18.996   17.808 ~ 8 0
67 [WMO2009] Car-1418 RG* 06 41 29.1592521276 -51 05 22.028699239   19.666 18.593   17.372 ~ 6 0
68 [FBN2016] 90977 RB? 06 41 29.9982693913 -50 59 02.479657962   19.905 18.993   17.879 ~ 5 0
69 ESO 206-20A G 06 41 36.7 -50 57 58   22.14 11.0 19.47   ~ 1190 0
70 [MOP2000] C121895 RB? 06 41 37.5544712856 -50 59 12.910038288   20.337 19.401   18.279 ~ 5 0
71 [MOP93] 9 RG* 06 41 37.6552820832 -51 01 43.648323528   19.213 18.001   16.643 ~ 13 0
72 2MASS J06413963-5049587 RG* 06 41 39.6341694984 -50 49 58.725981264   19.017 17.616   16.177 ~ 13 0
73 [FBN2016] 97801 RB? 06 41 40.1604994488 -50 52 33.333050964   20.082 19.143   17.985 ~ 6 0
74 [WMO2009] Car-1404 RG* 06 41 40.8266384424 -50 54 45.651922164   19.592 18.559   17.337 ~ 7 0
75 [MOP2000] C121982 RB? 06 41 41.3235837288 -51 05 39.468811740   20.209 19.295   18.141 ~ 5 0
76 [MOP2000] C131424 * 06 41 42.5327154408 -50 55 50.351949048   18.973 18.041   16.767 ~ 5 0
77 [WMO2009] Car-0531 RG* 06 41 44.6473871688 -51 03 31.237307892   19.485 18.324   16.989 ~ 12 0
78 [LHT2012] MKV0577 RG* 06 41 45.0355033977 -50 52 48.961027995   19.906 18.938   17.771 ~ 5 0
79 [FBN2016] 101206 RB? 06 41 45.20 -50 56 04.7   20.038 19.133   17.999 ~ 3 0
80 [LHT2012] MKV0743 RG* 06 41 45.9211628160 -50 56 54.097559340   20.163 19.233   18.116 ~ 7 0
81 [WMO2009] Car-0123 RG* 06 41 45.9985927320 -50 51 00.501546816   19.310 18.190   16.889 ~ 10 0
82 [LHT2012] MKV0605 * 06 41 47.66 -50 53 28.2   17.720 16.744   15.558 ~ 2 0
83 [WMO2009] Car-0520 RB? 06 41 48.72 -50 59 42.4   20.109 19.288   18.185 ~ 4 0
84 [WMO2009] Car-1415 RB? 06 41 49.6627342704 -51 01 31.162356192   20.140 19.298   18.175 ~ 4 0
85 [WMO2009] Car-0530 RG* 06 41 51.5410091808 -51 03 35.809342056   19.663 18.662   17.452 ~ 7 0
86 2MASS J06415385-5058110 RG* 06 41 53.8422802248 -50 58 11.048927484   19.100 17.907   16.521 ~ 12 0
87 [WMO2009] Car-0543 RG* 06 41 54.3552246168 -51 02 46.156339860   19.499 18.426   17.159 ~ 10 0
88 [WMO2009] Car-0724 RG* 06 41 58.1926110720 -50 48 57.951844272   19.555 18.480   17.250 ~ 7 0
89 [LHT2012] MKV0397 RG* 06 41 58.2659659210 -50 46 41.353040907   19.595 18.507   17.234 ~ 6 0
90 [WMO2009] Car-0725 RB? 06 41 58.3003882896 -50 49 49.957911912   20.048 19.180   18.083 ~ 3 0
91 [FBN2016] 110885 RB? 06 41 59.4696728232 -50 51 42.886071612   20.189 19.261   18.141 ~ 6 0
92 2MASS J06415969-5051133 RG* 06 41 59.6920871160 -50 51 13.254404652   19.090 17.768   16.325 ~ 11 0
93 [MOP2000] C170316 RB? 06 42 00.4971899664 -50 56 08.237633388   20.171 19.314   18.230 ~ 5 0
94 [LHT2012] MKV0598 RB? 06 42 01.1201153945 -50 53 18.063519649   19.999 19.028   17.871 ~ 4 0
95 [WMO2009] Car-0526 RG* 06 42 02.8073666448 -50 58 59.421838764   19.360 18.242   16.954 ~ 11 0
96 [WMO2009] Car-0540 RB? 06 42 04.9511670528 -51 02 58.771788252   19.770 18.796   17.579 ~ 4 0
97 [WMO2009] Car-1432 RB? 06 42 06.4646643312 -51 00 18.579092328   20.035 19.082   17.919 ~ 4 0
98 [WMO2009] Car-0167 RG* 06 42 08.9606262120 -51 00 47.859271164   19.599 18.595   17.391 ~ 6 0
99 [WMO2009] Car-1420 RB? 06 42 08.9815139448 -50 52 00.189008976   20.182 19.322   18.246 ~ 4 0
100 [WMO2009] Car-1390 RB? 06 42 09.1739897040 -50 48 41.933696184   20.324 19.404   18.300 ~ 4 0
101 [WMO2009] Car-0142 RB? 06 42 09.3624828816 -50 55 14.042967456   19.985 19.140   18.051 ~ 4 0
102 [WMO2009] Car-1892 RB? 06 42 15.6586250208 -51 01 59.680514604   19.697 18.748   17.546 ~ 4 0
103 [FBN2016] 121240 RB? 06 42 15.9824210208 -50 59 04.352115264   20.109 19.095   17.972 ~ 6 0
104 [LHT2012] MKV0533 * 06 42 16.11 -50 51 17.3   18.630 17.719   16.569 ~ 2 0
105 [MOP2000] C160609 * 06 42 17.1311981304 -50 59 28.652637804   19.414 18.467   17.276 ~ 5 0
106 2MASS J06421742-5055550 RG* 06 42 17.4237459696 -50 55 55.157550600   19.069 17.808   16.419 ~ 13 0
107 [WMO2009] Car-0165 RG* 06 42 17.4506738304 -50 56 26.090562588   19.706 18.666   17.463 ~ 8 0
108 [WMO2009] Car-1975 RG* 06 42 22.2613407912 -50 52 09.400135116   20.136 19.216   18.099 ~ 5 0
109 [LHT2012] MKV0785 * 06 42 24.13 -50 57 54.5   18.378 17.398   16.210 ~ 2 0
110 [WMO2009] Car-0545 * 06 42 24.6419765352 -50 58 45.192266004   20.251 19.142   17.736 ~ 3 0
111 [MOP2000] C170809 * 06 42 25.7331331344 -50 52 12.528830172   19.786 18.874   17.744 ~ 4 0
112 [MOP2000] C170814 * 06 42 26.1217097616 -50 53 29.029372836   19.077 18.006   16.642 ~ 4 0
113 [LHT2012] MKV0630 * 06 42 26.76 -50 54 09.9   19.094 18.214   17.109 ~ 2 0
114 [LHT2012] MKV0814 * 06 42 29.33 -50 58 24.0   18.478 17.532   16.400 ~ 2 0
115 [WMO2009] Car-0078 RG* 06 42 30.3727226880 -50 56 33.109711728   19.811 18.776   17.555 ~ 8 0
116 [LHT2012] MKV0523 * 06 42 35.73 -50 51 07.9   20.421 19.307   17.913 ~ 2 0
117 [WMO2009] Car-0074 RG* 06 42 37.9771903152 -50 53 37.832600112   19.754 18.753   17.551 ~ 7 0
118 [WMO2009] Car-0076 RG* 06 42 38.5206806232 -50 56 00.692911608   19.640 18.477   17.322 ~ 7 0
119 [MOP2000] C171003 * 06 42 38.9139968280 -50 54 29.536499160   19.501 18.236   16.621 ~ 3 0
120 [LHT2012] MKV0847 * 06 42 39.77 -50 59 05.2   18.641 17.817   16.709 ~ 2 0
121 NAME SDG G 18 55 19.0 -30 32 43   4.5 3.6     ~ 2438 2
122 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 9325 0

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