2012A&A...540A.113T

Query : 2012A&A...540A.113T

2012A&A...540A.113T - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 540A113-113 (2012/4-1)

Search for starless clumps in the ATLASGAL survey.

TACKENBERG J., BEUTHER H., HENNING T., SCHULLER F., WIENEN M., MOTTE F., WYROWSKI F., BONTEMPS S., BRONFMAN L., MENTEN K., TESTI L. and LEFLOCH B.

Abstract (from CDS):

Understanding massive star formation requires comprehensive knowledge about the initial conditions of this process. The cradles of massive stars are believed to be located in dense and massive molecular clumps. In this study, we present an unbiased sample of the earliest stages of massive star formation across 20 deg2 of the sky. Within the region 10°<l<20° and |b|<1°, we search the ATLASGAL survey at 870µm for dense gas condensations. These clumps are carefully examined for indications of ongoing star formation using YSOs from the GLIMPSE source catalog as well as sources in the 24µm MIPSGAL images, to search for starless clumps. We calculate the column densities as well as the kinematic distances and masses for sources where the vlsr is known from spectroscopic observations. Within the given region, we identify 210 starless clumps with peak column densities >1x1023cm–2. In particular, we identify potential starless clumps on the other side of the Galaxy. The sizes of the clumps range between 0.1pc and 3pc with masses between a few tens of M☉ up to several ten thousands of M☉. Most of them may form massive stars, but in the 20deg2 area we only find 14 regions massive enough to form stars more massive than 20M☉ and 3 regions with the potential to form stars more massive than 40M☉. The slope of the high-mass tail of the clump mass function for clumps on the near side of the Galaxy is α=2.2 and, therefore, Salpeter-like. We estimate the lifetime of the most massive starless clumps to be (6±5)x104yr. The sample offers a uniform selection of starless clumps. In the large area surveyed, we only find a few potential precursors of stars in the excess of 40M☉. It appears that the lifetime of these clumps is somewhat shorter than their free-fall times, although both values agree within the errors. In addition, these are ideal objects for detailed studies and follow-up observations.

Abstract Copyright: ∼

Journal keyword(s): ISM: clouds - stars: formation - surveys - stars: massive - stars: distances - Galaxy: fundamental parameters

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/540/A113): table3.dat>

Nomenclature: Table 3: [TBH2012] NNNN N=210 among (Nos 75-1773).

Simbad objects: 224

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Number of rows : 224
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME Per Arm PoG 03 30 +45.0           ~ 1672 0
2 NAME Orion Nebula Cluster OpC 05 35.0 -05 29           ~ 2514 0
3 NAME Crux-Scutum Spiral Arm reg 12 30 -60.0           ~ 323 0
4 NAME Nor Arm PoG 16 00 -50.0           ~ 485 0
5 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
6 [TBH2012] 189 cor 18 07 35.9 -18 43 22           ~ 1 0
7 [TBH2012] 197 cor 18 08 41.5 -20 08 22           ~ 1 0
8 [TBH2012] 215 cor 18 08 41.9 -19 52 18           ~ 1 0
9 [TBH2012] 173 cor 18 08 44.6 -20 07 38           ~ 1 0
10 [TBH2012] 140 cor 18 08 49.4 -19 40 15           ~ 1 0
11 [TBH2012] 162 cor 18 08 58.3 -18 15 35           ~ 1 0
12 JCMTLSP J180900.2-200641 smm 18 09 00 -20 06.7           ~ 3 0
13 [TBH2012] 168 cor 18 09 00.0 -18 16 43           ~ 1 0
14 [TBH2012] 191 cor 18 09 02.0 -18 16 04           ~ 1 0
15 [TBH2012] 209 cor 18 09 07.0 -20 26 39           ~ 1 0
16 [TBH2012] 188 cor 18 09 07.2 -20 05 05           ~ 1 0
17 [TBH2012] 184 cor 18 09 08.0 -20 26 13           ~ 1 0
18 [TBH2012] 179 cor 18 09 08.4969 -19 45 49.777           ~ 6 0
19 [TBH2012] 181 cor 18 09 09.6 -20 04 29           ~ 1 0
20 [TBH2012] 218 cor 18 09 11.5 -20 16 16           ~ 1 0
21 JCMTLSP J180913.1-201801 smm 18 09 13 -20 18.0           ~ 3 0
22 [TBH2012] 208 cor 18 09 13.8 -20 16 21           ~ 1 0
23 JCMTSE J180914.8-201532 smm 18 09 16.0271 -20 15 51.761           ~ 5 0
24 JCMTLSP J180920.2-201819 smm 18 09 20 -20 18.3           ~ 3 0
25 [TBH2012] 118 cor 18 09 20.1 -20 20 29           ~ 1 0
26 [TBH2012] 101 cor 18 09 22.8 -20 20 36           ~ 1 0
27 [ERG2015] 2356 cor 18 09 25.4920 -20 25 43.830           ~ 7 0
28 [TBH2012] 156 cor 18 09 31.5 -20 14 11           ~ 1 0
29 [TBH2012] 161 cor 18 09 33.1 -20 13 56           ~ 1 0
30 [TBH2012] 114 cor 18 09 34.1 -20 22 24           ~ 1 0
31 [TBH2012] 111 cor 18 09 34.7 -20 22 08           ~ 1 0
32 [TBH2012] 231 cor 18 09 36.5 -20 16 12           ~ 1 0
33 [TBH2012] 206 cor 18 09 36.9 -20 20 22           ~ 1 0
34 [TBH2012] 106 cor 18 09 37.8 -20 19 48           ~ 1 0
35 AGAL G010.184-00.404 Y*O 18 09 39 -20 19.6           ~ 14 0
36 [TBH2012] 185 cor 18 09 58.1 -19 47 35           ~ 1 0
37 JCMTLSP J181012.9-192427 smm 18 10 13 -19 24.4           ~ 4 0
38 [HBM2005] G10.575-0.347 mm 18 10 14.5 -19 57 17           ~ 2 0
39 [ERG2015] 2416 cor 18 10 15.0415 -19 57 12.764           ~ 8 0
40 [TBH2012] 193 cor 18 10 16.0 -19 24 27           ~ 1 0
41 [TBH2012] 122 cor 18 10 17.8 -19 24 41           ~ 1 0
42 AGAL G010.684-00.307 cor 18 10 19 -19 50.3           ~ 26 0
43 [TBH2012] 76 cor 18 10 20.9 -19 56 43           ~ 1 0
44 [TBH2012] 75 cor 18 10 23.8 -19 56 18           ~ 1 0
45 W 31 SFR 18 10 28.6 -19 55 51           ~ 280 0
46 [CCE98b] 011.11-0.12 Cld 18 10.5 -19 23           ~ 119 2
47 [TBH2012] 223 cor 18 10 32.5 -19 23 23           ~ 1 0
48 HIGALBM G010.6207-00.4207 cor 18 10 36.650 -19 57 02.57           ~ 4 0
49 [TBH2012] 155 cor 18 10 38.5 -19 56 28           ~ 1 0
50 [HJF2013] G011.301-00.060 cor 18 10 41 -19 10.6           ~ 15 0
51 [TBH2012] 94 cor 18 10 56.6 -19 59 30           ~ 1 0
52 [ERG2015] 2644 cor 18 11 02.3160 -18 00 54.075           ~ 7 0
53 AGAL G010.982-00.367 Y*O 18 11 09 -19 36.6           ~ 17 0
54 BGPS G012.699+00.474 mm 18 11 31.8389 -17 41 53.687           ~ 4 0
55 [TBH2012] 216 cor 18 11 52.8 -18 49 54           ~ 1 0
56 [TBH2012] 170 cor 18 11 53.4 -20 10 08           ~ 1 0
57 [ERG2015] 2779 cor 18 12 02.8649 -17 31 10.130           ~ 8 0
58 [TBH2012] 781 cor 18 12 05.8 -17 37 06           ~ 1 0
59 [TBH2012] 776 cor 18 12 07.4 -17 41 25           ~ 1 0
60 [ERG2015] 2750 cor 18 12 08.7473 -17 38 05.770           ~ 8 0
61 [TBH2012] 553 cor 18 12 40.8 -18 37 16           ~ 1 0
62 [TBH2012] 616 smm 18 12 55.7488 -18 10 53.755           ~ 7 0
63 AGAL G012.683+00.011 smm 18 13 12.377 -17 55 58.08           ~ 14 0
64 [TBH2012] 664 cor 18 13 36.7 -17 18 18           ~ 1 0
65 [TBH2012] 511 cor 18 13 43.8 -17 56 34           ~ 1 0
66 [TBH2012] 621 cor 18 13 49.1 -18 02 37           ~ 1 0
67 [ERG2015] 2710 cor 18 13 49.2470 -17 59 22.919           ~ 9 0
68 [ERG2015] 2784 smm 18 14 01.2683 -17 45 21.694           ~ 7 0
69 [TBH2012] 690 cor 18 14 02.8 -18 00 59           ~ 1 0
70 [TBH2012] 764 cor 18 14 07.1 -17 55 23           ~ 1 0
71 [TBH2012] 505 cor 18 14 07.4 -17 56 41           ~ 1 0
72 [TBH2012] 607 cor 18 14 07.7 -17 54 54           ~ 1 0
73 JCMTSE J181408.3-172837 smm 18 14 08.3 -17 28 37           ~ 2 0
74 [TBH2012] 789 smm 18 14 12.5 -17 25 25           ~ 9 0
75 [TBH2012] 650 cor 18 14 12.6 -17 46 04           ~ 1 0
76 W 33 SFR 18 14 14.0 -17 55 50           ~ 292 0
77 [TBH2012] 538 cor 18 14 22.0 -17 53 14           ~ 1 0
78 [TBH2012] 599 cor 18 14 23.2 -17 53 22           ~ 1 0
79 [ERG2015] 2764 cor 18 14 30.6683 -17 54 05.461           ~ 7 0
80 [TBH2012] 716 cor 18 14 31.3 -17 53 10           ~ 1 0
81 [TBH2012] 559 cor 18 14 35.4 -17 53 15           ~ 1 0
82 [TBH2012] 737 cor 18 14 35.4 -17 50 31           ~ 1 0
83 [TBH2012] 570 cor 18 14 37.8 -17 49 28           ~ 1 0
84 [TBH2012] 684 cor 18 14 39.0 -17 48 08           ~ 1 0
85 [TBH2012] 777 cor 18 14 39.7 -17 48 27           ~ 1 0
86 [TBH2012] 610 cor 18 14 40.6 -17 48 14           ~ 1 0
87 [TBH2012] 605 cor 18 14 41.9 -17 48 17           ~ 1 0
88 [TBH2012] 490 cor 18 14 48.6 -17 33 00           ~ 1 0
89 [TBH2012] 717 cor 18 15 07.0 -18 41 00           ~ 1 0
90 [TBH2012] 665 cor 18 15 12.2 -17 49 28           ~ 1 0
91 [TBH2012] 704 cor 18 15 13.3 -17 49 37           ~ 1 0
92 [TBH2012] 655 cor 18 15 26.1 -17 05 25           ~ 1 0
93 [TBH2012] 755 cor 18 15 39.6 -18 12 54           ~ 1 0
94 [TBH2012] 757 cor 18 15 40.2 -17 19 45           ~ 1 0
95 [TBH2012] 745 cor 18 15 40.5 -18 13 08           ~ 1 0
96 [TBH2012] 780 cor 18 16 07.6 -17 36 15           ~ 1 0
97 [TBH2012] 715 cor 18 16 16.9 -16 49 29           ~ 1 0
98 [TBH2012] 769 cor 18 16 17.6 -16 51 44           ~ 1 0
99 [TBH2012] 732 cor 18 16 17.8 -16 50 10           ~ 1 0
100 [TBH2012] 731 cor 18 16 27.2 -16 52 04           ~ 1 0
101 [TBH2012] 692 cor 18 16 43.0 -17 59 21           ~ 1 0
102 [TBH2012] 774 cor 18 16 43.8 -17 59 27           ~ 1 0
103 [TBH2012] 758 cor 18 16 52.6 -16 21 29           ~ 1 0
104 [TBH2012] 733 cor 18 16 54.0 -16 26 33           ~ 1 0
105 [TBH2012] 696 cor 18 16 55.7 -16 26 12           ~ 1 0
106 [TBH2012] 678 cor 18 16 56.3 -16 42 59           ~ 1 0
107 [TBH2012] 729 cor 18 16 56.6 -16 26 26           ~ 1 0
108 [TBH2012] 724 smm 18 16 56.9484 -16 26 45.712           ~ 6 0
109 [TBH2012] 726 cor 18 16 57.2 -16 26 10           ~ 1 0
110 [TBH2012] 748 cor 18 16 57.7 -16 39 12           ~ 1 0
111 [TBH2012] 632 cor 18 16 59.1 -16 39 50           ~ 1 0
112 [TBH2012] 744 cor 18 16 59.2 -16 25 31           ~ 1 0
113 [TBH2012] 583 cor 18 17 01.2 -16 42 42           ~ 1 0
114 [TBH2012] 623 cor 18 17 01.9 -16 42 48           ~ 1 0
115 [TBH2012] 589 cor 18 17 03.8 -16 42 36           ~ 1 0
116 [ERG2015] 2970 cor 18 17 04.6564 -16 43 50.186           ~ 9 0
117 [SSS2011] BGPS G14.184-0.228 mm 18 17 05.00 -16 43 46.2           ~ 2 0
118 [TBH2012] 723 cor 18 17 06.8 -16 44 00           ~ 1 0
119 BGPS G014.384-00.131 mm 18 17 07.4595 -16 30 26.108           ~ 4 0
120 [TBH2012] 518 cor 18 17 07.5 -16 24 46           ~ 1 0
121 [ERG2015] 2995 cor 18 17 20.5125 -16 29 56.308           ~ 7 0
122 [TBH2012] 618 cor 18 17 33.3 -17 06 10           ~ 1 0
123 [TBH2012] 574 cor 18 17 50.0242 -15 53 41.725           ~ 20 0
124 [TBH2012] 669 cor 18 18 01.8 -16 53 56           ~ 1 0
125 AGAL G014.772-00.172 smm 18 18 03 -16 11.1           ~ 12 0
126 [TBH2012] 630 cor 18 18 04.1 -16 14 30           ~ 1 0
127 [TBH2012] 629 cor 18 18 04.2 -16 51 38           ~ 1 0
128 [TBH2012] 573 cor 18 18 04.1767 -16 17 02.431           ~ 9 0
129 [TBH2012] 1322 cor 18 18 04.5 -13 44 45           ~ 1 0
130 [TBH2012] 1307 cor 18 18 05.2 -13 44 51           ~ 1 0
131 [TBH2012] 1192 cor 18 18 08.3 -13 40 16           ~ 1 0
132 [TBH2012] 702 cor 18 18 10.9 -16 53 04           ~ 1 0
133 [TBH2012] 1330 cor 18 18 15.2 -13 44 34           ~ 1 0
134 [TBH2012] 742 cor 18 18 15.2 -16 04 42           ~ 1 0
135 [TBH2012] 703 cor 18 18 18.8 -16 55 27           ~ 1 0
136 [TBH2012] 1199 cor 18 18 22.4 -13 42 20           ~ 1 0
137 [TBH2012] 1273 cor 18 18 44.7 -13 38 12           ~ 1 0
138 [TBH2012] 1299 cor 18 18 44.7 -13 37 58           ~ 1 0
139 M 16 OpC 18 18 45.1 -13 47 31           ~ 1084 1
140 [TBH2012] 1325 cor 18 18 55.5 -13 41 32           ~ 1 0
141 [WWS2012] G014.36-00.64 cor 18 18 56.8326 -16 46 18.132           ~ 2 0
142 [TBH2012] 1188 cor 18 18 59.1 -13 53 01           ~ 1 0
143 AGAL G016.899+00.706 Y*O 18 19 01.0 -13 53 50           ~ 6 0
144 [TBH2012] 624 cor 18 19 01.2 -16 40 08           ~ 1 0
145 [TBH2012] 596 cor 18 19 03.4 -16 39 37           ~ 1 0
146 [TBH2012] 1313 cor 18 19 04.0 -13 53 19           ~ 1 0
147 [TBH2012] 641 cor 18 19 17.7 -16 32 09           ~ 1 0
148 [TBH2012] 710 cor 18 19 19.2 -16 31 40           ~ 1 0
149 [TBH2012] 1263 cor 18 19 20.0 -13 35 05           ~ 1 0
150 [TBH2012] 698 cor 18 19 20.2 -16 31 54           ~ 1 0
151 [TBH2012] 1335 cor 18 19 56.5 -16 00 35           ~ 1 0
152 [TBH2012] 631 cor 18 20 03.4 -16 12 31           ~ 1 0
153 [TBH2012] 787 cor 18 20 04.5 -16 14 08           ~ 1 0
154 [TBH2012] 1158 cor 18 20 05.9 -16 04 51           ~ 1 0
155 BGPS G015.123-00.558 mm 18 20 08.9322 -16 03 32.552           ~ 6 0
156 [TBH2012] 1312 cor 18 20 09.4 -16 03 02           ~ 1 0
157 [ERG2015] 3118 cor 18 20 16.170 -16 05 50.72           ~ 13 0
158 [TBH2012] 1290 cor 18 20 24.7 -15 39 37           ~ 1 0
159 [TBH2012] 1250 smm 18 20 25 -16 03.8           ~ 7 0
160 [SSS2011] BGPS G15.214-0.582 smm 18 20 25.0 -15 59 20           ~ 3 0
161 [TBH2012] 1328 cor 18 20 28.5 -16 05 29           ~ 1 0
162 JCMTSE J182032.8-160413 smm 18 20 32.8 -16 04 13           ~ 2 0
163 AGAL G015.151-00.659 Y*O 18 20 34.9 -16 04 49           ~ 6 0
164 [TBH2012] 1295 cor 18 20 36.1 -15 57 11           ~ 1 0
165 [TBH2012] 1284 cor 18 20 37.2 -15 56 04           ~ 1 0
166 [TBH2012] 1225 cor 18 20 37.4 -15 57 14           ~ 1 0
167 [TBH2012] 1212 cor 18 20 37.5 -15 56 47           ~ 1 0
168 [TBH2012] 1240 cor 18 20 45.0 -14 05 38           ~ 1 0
169 [TBH2012] 1260 cor 18 20 45.8 -14 06 18           ~ 1 0
170 [TBH2012] 1320 cor 18 20 46.7 -14 06 46           ~ 1 0
171 [TBH2012] 1277 cor 18 20 46.9 -14 06 27           ~ 1 0
172 NGC 6618 OpC 18 20 47 -16 10.3           ~ 1700 0
173 [TBH2012] 1281 cor 18 20 47.4 -14 06 51           ~ 1 0
174 [TBH2012] 1334 cor 18 20 47.8 -14 06 41           ~ 1 0
175 [TBH2012] 1289 cor 18 20 53.6 -15 34 02           ~ 1 0
176 [ERG2015] 3156 cor 18 20 55.6091 -15 24 07.049           ~ 9 0
177 [TBH2012] 1251 cor 18 21 19.3 -16 07 28           ~ 1 0
178 [TBH2012] 1319 cor 18 21 20.0 -16 06 19           ~ 1 0
179 [TBH2012] 1255 cor 18 21 21.6 -16 05 37           ~ 1 0
180 BGPS G015.229-00.836 mm 18 21 22.6591 -16 05 46.441           ~ 5 0
181 [TBH2012] 1280 cor 18 22 24.8 -13 28 02           ~ 1 0
182 [TBH2012] 1309 cor 18 22 28.1 -15 00 51           ~ 1 0
183 [TBH2012] 1318 cor 18 23 07.2 -14 57 23           ~ 1 0
184 [TBH2012] 1732 cor 18 23 54.8 -12 50 50           ~ 1 0
185 [TBH2012] 1710 cor 18 24 52.9 -13 20 56           ~ 1 0
186 AGAL G018.103-00.306 Y*O 18 25 01 -13 18.5           ~ 12 0
187 AGAL G018.099-00.342 Y*O 18 25 08 -13 19.8           ~ 11 0
188 [TBH2012] 1761 cor 18 25 09.0 -13 17 09           ~ 1 0
189 [TBH2012] 1708 cor 18 25 09.3 -13 20 00           ~ 1 0
190 AGAL G018.098-00.354 Y*O 18 25 11 -13 20.2           ~ 19 0
191 [TBH2012] 1725 cor 18 25 14.6 -12 26 38           ~ 1 0
192 [TBH2012] 1750 cor 18 25 22.5 -12 24 03           ~ 1 0
193 AGAL G018.493-00.199 cor 18 25 23 -12 55.0           ~ 18 0
194 [TBH2012] 1686 cor 18 25 24.7 -13 12 56           ~ 1 0
195 [TBH2012] 1729 cor 18 25 25.0 -13 19 25           ~ 1 0
196 [TBH2012] 1739 cor 18 25 33.6 -13 02 12           ~ 1 0
197 [TBH2012] 1288 cor 18 25 36.3 -13 57 04           ~ 1 0
198 [TBH2012] 1703 cor 18 25 37.5 -12 26 19           ~ 1 0
199 [TBH2012] 1760 cor 18 25 40.8 -12 23 07           ~ 1 0
200 [TBH2012] 1748 cor 18 25 41.4 -12 23 26           ~ 1 0
201 BGPS G019.154+00.029 mm 18 25 48.8556 -12 13 25.764           ~ 5 0
202 [SMC2009] G18.98-0.09 smm 18 25 55.22 -12 25 50.3           ~ 2 0
203 [TBH2012] 1743 cor 18 26 27.0 -12 24 53           ~ 1 0
204 [TBH2012] 1715 cor 18 26 48.5 -12 27 46           ~ 1 0
205 [TBH2012] 1697 cor 18 26 49.6 -12 27 41           ~ 1 0
206 [TBH2012] 1754 cor 18 27 01.2 -12 47 01           ~ 1 0
207 [TBH2012] 1707 cor 18 27 01.9 -12 47 06           ~ 1 0
208 [TBH2012] 1673 cor 18 27 02.3915 -11 53 11.862           ~ 9 0
209 [TBH2012] 1661 cor 18 27 07.4 -12 42 50           ~ 1 0
210 GRS G018.88 -00.48 Rad 18 27 10.73 -12 40 07.5           ~ 32 0
211 [TBH2012] 1700 cor 18 27 16.7 -12 44 57           ~ 1 0
212 [TBH2012] 1694 cor 18 27 24.9 -11 53 28           ~ 1 0
213 [TBH2012] 1764 cor 18 27 29.7 -11 44 35           ~ 1 0
214 [TBH2012] 1759 cor 18 27 30.9 -11 44 38           ~ 1 0
215 [ERG2015] 3338 smm 18 27 44.5820 -12 35 45.166           ~ 9 0
216 [TBH2012] 1744 cor 18 27 44.6 -12 36 06           ~ 1 0
217 [TBH2012] 1773 cor 18 27 51.5 -12 37 25           ~ 1 0
218 [TBH2012] 1634 cor 18 28 18.7962 -12 06 23.975           ~ 13 0
219 [TBH2012] 1755 cor 18 29 18.1 -11 50 50           ~ 1 0
220 [TBH2012] 1712 cor 18 29 22.4 -12 01 45           ~ 1 0
221 [TBH2012] 1767 cor 18 30 02.9 -12 15 51           ~ 1 0
222 NAME Sgr Arm PoG 19 00 -30.0           ~ 710 1
223 NAME Cyg X Cld 20 30 04.7973633 +40 51 36.002197           ~ 962 1
224 NAME Outer Arm PoG 21 48 +69.4           ~ 370 0

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